oracle单实例、RAC监听配置

11g rac监听参考：
http://www.luocs.com/archives/281.html http://www.oracledatabase12g.com/archives/11gr2-rac-add-listener-static-register.html
1.什么是注册

注册就是将数据库作为一个服务注册到监听程序。

客户端不需要知道数据库名和实例名，只需要知道该数据库对外提供的服务名就可以申请连接到数据库。这个服务名可能与实例名一样，也有可能不一样。在数据库服务器启动过程中，数据库服务器会向监听程序注册相应的服务（无论何时启动一个数据库，默认地都有两条信息注册到监听器中：数据库服务器对应的实例和服务）相当于是这样：在数据库服务器和客户端之间有一监听程序（Listener），在监听程序中，会记录相应数据库对应的服务名（一个数据库可能对应有多个服务名），当客户端需要连接数据库时，只需要提供服务名，就可以建立客户端和服务器之间的连接.

2.如何查询某服务是静态监听注册还是动态监听注册

可以使用命令lsnrctl status来查看某服务是静态注册还是动态注册。实例状态为UNKNOWN值时表明此服务是静态注册的设置。这时监听器用来表明它不知道关于该实例的任何信息，只有当客户发出连接请求时，它才检查该实例是否存在。动态监听的状态是READY。

3.动态监听

动态注册不需要显示的配置listener.ora文件，实例MOUNT时，PMON进程就会根据instance_name,service_name参数将实例和服务动态注册到listerer中。

不同的参数注册到监听中的服务名、实例名有以下情况：

1.如果没有设定instance_name（10G后等于ORACLE_SID)，将使用db_name初始化参数值。

2.如果service_names值为空，将拼接db_unique_name和db_domain参数值来注册监听。

3.如果选择设置service_names值，可以使用指定的名称（比如 orcl.oracle.com)或缩写的名称（比如orcl）。

4.如果选择缩写的名称并设置了db_domain参数，注册到监听器中的服务将是 service_name值和db_domain值的拼接。

动态监听的优点：

（1）不需要人工干预，在lsnrctl start后，会自动注册数据库的instance_name,service_name，然后tns不论使用SID和SERVICE_NAME均可以连接上来

（2）修改了SERVICE_NAME或者SID不用修改listener.ora文件

（3）动态注册的数据库通过状态信息中的状态READY或状态BLOCKED（对于一个备用数据库）来指明。

不管关闭何时数据库，动态注册的数据库都会动态地从 监听器注销，而与之相关的信息将从状态列表中消失。这样，不管数据库是在运行还是已经关闭，监听器总是知道它的状态。该信息将被用于连接请求的回退（fallback）和负载平衡。动态监听由PMON进程会向监听进行动态注册，也可以手动注册：ALTER SYSTEM REGISTER;

4.静态监听

静态注册指实例启动时读取listener.ora配置文件，将实例和服务注册到监听程序。

优点：

无论何时启动一个数据库，默认都有两条信息注册到监听器中：实例和服务。在数据库未open状态中，就可以远程连接到数据库，对数据库进行操作--当然了要配置密码文件。

如何配置监听--单实例：

默认端口动态监听

PROD =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lx01)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
TNS配置--（TNS名可以随意起）
PROD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lx01)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = prod)
)
)

非默认端口动态监听

PROD=
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lx01)(PORT = 1529))
)
)
TNS配置
PROD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lx01)(PORT = 1529))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = prod)
)
)
动态注册默认只注册到默认的监听器上(名称是LISTENER、端口是1521、协议是TCP)，因为pmon只会动态注册port等于1521的监听，否则pmon不能动态注册listener，如果需要向非默认监听注册，则需要配置local_listener参数！
SYS@ prod>show parameter local

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener                       string        PROD                      =服务器端TNS名，或者写TNS串    ---非默认动态端口必须配置
log_archive_local_first              boolean     TRUE
parallel_force_local                 boolean     FALSE

非默认端口静态监听-----（多个实例，红色字体追加）

prod =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lx01)(PORT = 1527))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST =
<span style="color:#ff0000;">(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = prod)
(ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = prod)</span>
)
)
TNS配置
test =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lx01)(PORT = 1527))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = prod)
)
)

11g RAC后查看监听文件有如下变化

[grid@rac1 admin]$ more listener.ora
LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER))))            # line added by Agent
LISTENER_SCAN1=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))))                # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN1=ON                # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER=ON              # line added by Agent
[grid@rac1 admin]$ more endpoints_listener.ora
LISTENER_RAC1=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rac1-vip)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.6.21)(PORT=1521)(IP=FIRST))))               # line added by Agent
以上listener.ora配置文件中的信息是Grid Infrastructure安装过程中Agent自行添加的(During the Grid Infrastructure installation, the (default) node VIP listener is always created referencing the public network)，11.2 GI的LISTENER 监听器配置默认受到11.2新引入的endpoints_listener.ora配置文件的管理。

如何在11R2 新建一个监听（非scan监听）呢？下面是一个快捷的方法（红色字体）

[grid@rac1 admin]$ <span style="color:#ff0000;">srvctl config scan</span>
SCAN name: rac-scan, Network: <span style="color:#cc0000;">1</span>/192.168.6.0/255.255.255.0/eth0
SCAN VIP name: scan1, IP: /rac-scan/192.168.6.41
[grid@rac1 admin]$ srvctl add listener -h
Adds a listener configuration to the Oracle Clusterware.
Usage: srvctl add listener [-l <lsnr_name>] [-s] [-p "[TCP:]<port>[, ...][/IPC:<key>][/NMP:<pipe_name>][/TCPS:<s_port>] [/SDP:<port>]"] [-o <oracle_home>] [-k <net_num>]
-l <lsnr_name>           Listener name (default name is LISTENER)
-o <oracle_home>         ORACLE_HOME path (default value is CRS_HOME)
-k <net_num>             VIP network number (default number is 1)
-s                       Skip the checking of ports
-p "[TCP:]<port>[, ...][/IPC:<key>][/NMP:<pipe_name>][/TCPS:<s_port>] [/SDP:<port>]"       Comma separated tcp ports or listener endpoints
-h                       Print usage

-k 填入方才获得的network number，-p填入端口号，-l填入监听名，-o 填入GI HOME路径
[grid@rac1 admin]$ <span style="color:#ff0000;">srvctl add listener -l rac-fyl -o $ORACLE_HOME -p 1522 -k 1</span>
[grid@rac1 admin]$ <span style="color:#ff0000;">srvctl start listener -l rac-fyl</span>
srvctl start listener启动新添加的监听后listener.ora和endpoints_listener.ora会出现新的记录:
[grid@rac1 admin]$ more listener.ora
RAC-FYL=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=RAC-FYL))))              # line added by Agent
ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_RAC-FYL=ON               # line added by Agent
[grid@rac1 admin]$ more endpoints_listener.ora
RAC-FYL_RAC1=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rac1-vip)(PORT=1522))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.6.21)(PORT=1522)(IP=FIRST))))                # line added by Agent

之后仅需要在listener.ora中加入静态注册信息即可,如:
SID_LIST_RAC-FYL =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = fyl)
(ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 )
(SID_NAME = fyl1)
)
)

[grid@rac1 admin]$ <span style="color:#ff0000;">srvctl stop listener -l rac-fyl</span>
[grid@rac1 admin]$ <span style="color:#ff0000;">srvctl start listener -l rac-fyl</span>
客户端TNS如下配置
RAC-VIP =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.32)(PORT = 1521))                    ----rac2-vip
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.6.22)(PORT = 1521))                    ----rac1-vip
(LOAD_BALANCE = ON)
(FAILOVER = ON)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = fyl)
)
)

11g rac可以使用 LISTENER_SCAN1

[grid@rac1 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER_SCAN1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-SEP-2014 22:19:10

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER_SCAN1
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                15-SEP-2014 18:48:44
Uptime                    0 days 3 hr. 30 min. 26 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/rac1/listener_scan1/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.6.41)(PORT=1526)))                                               ----rac-scan   IP
Services Summary...
Service "fyl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "fyl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "fyl2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "fylXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "fyl1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "fyl2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

这是利用ORACLE的remote_listener参数
SQL> show parameter list

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
listener_networks                    string
local_listener                       string      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(AD
DRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rac1
-vip)(PORT=1521))))
remote_listener                      string      rac-scan:1526