Java解析XML汇总（DOM/SAX/JDOM/DOM4j/XPath）
2014-08-27 21:39
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【目录】
一、【基础知识——扫盲】二、【DOM、SAX、JDOM、DOM4j简单使用介绍】
三、【性能测试】
四、【对比】
五、【小插曲XPath】
六、【补充】
关键字：Java解析xml、解析xml四种方法、DOM、SAX、JDOM、DOM4j、XPath
【引言】
目前在Java中用于解析XML的技术很多，主流的有DOM、SAX、JDOM、DOM4j，下文主要介绍这4种解析XML文档技术的使用、优缺点及性能测试。
一、【基础知识——扫盲】
sax、dom是两种对xml文档进行解析的方法(没有具体实现，只是接口)，所以只有它们是无法解析xml文档的；jaxp只是api，它进一步封装了sax、dom两种接口，并且提供了DomcumentBuilderFactory/DomcumentBuilder和SAXParserFactory/SAXParser（默认使用xerces解释器）。
二、【DOM、SAX、JDOM、DOM4j简单使用介绍】
1、【DOM(Document Object Model) 】由W3C提供的接口，它将整个XML文档读入内存，构建一个DOM树来对各个节点(Node)进行操作。
示例代码：
[html] view
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<university name="pku">
<college name="c1">
<class name="class1">
<student name="stu1" sex='male' age="21" />
<student name="stu2" sex='female' age="20" />
<student name="stu3" sex='female' age="20" />
</class>
<class name="class2">
<student name="stu4" sex='male' age="19" />
<student name="stu5" sex='female' age="20" />
<student name="stu6" sex='female' age="21" />
</class>
</college>
<college name="c2">
<class name="class3">
<student name="stu7" sex='male' age="20" />
</class>
</college>
<college name="c3">
</college>
</university>
后文代码中有使用到text.xml（该文档放在src路径下，既编译后在classes路径下），都是指该xml文档。
[java] view
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package test.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.w3c.dom.Text;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
/**
* dom读写xml
* @author whwang
*/
public class TestDom {
public static void main(String[] args) {
read();
//write();
}
public static void read() {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
try {
DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
InputStream in = TestDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.parse(in);
// root <university>
Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
if (root == null) return;
System.err.println(root.getAttribute("name"));
// all college node
NodeList collegeNodes = root.getChildNodes();
if (collegeNodes == null) return;
for(int i = 0; i < collegeNodes.getLength(); i++) {
Node college = collegeNodes.item(i);
if (college != null && college.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
System.err.println("\t" + college.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue());
// all class node
NodeList classNodes = college.getChildNodes();
if (classNodes == null) continue;
for (int j = 0; j < classNodes.getLength(); j++) {
Node clazz = classNodes.item(j);
if (clazz != null && clazz.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
System.err.println("\t\t" + clazz.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue());
// all student node
NodeList studentNodes = clazz.getChildNodes();
if (studentNodes == null) continue;
for (int k = 0; k < studentNodes.getLength(); k++) {
Node student = studentNodes.item(k);
if (student != null && student.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
System.err.print("\t\t\t" + student.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue());
System.err.print(" " + student.getAttributes().getNamedItem("sex").getNodeValue());
System.err.println(" " + student.getAttributes().getNamedItem("age").getNodeValue());
}
}
}
}
}
}
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void write() {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
try {
DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
InputStream in = TestDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.parse(in);
// root <university>
Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
if (root == null) return;
// 修改属性
root.setAttribute("name", "tsu");
NodeList collegeNodes = root.getChildNodes();
if (collegeNodes != null) {
for (int i = 0; i <collegeNodes.getLength() - 1; i++) {
// 删除节点
Node college = collegeNodes.item(i);
if (college.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
String collegeName = college.getAttributes().getNamedItem("name").getNodeValue();
if ("c1".equals(collegeName) || "c2".equals(collegeName)) {
root.removeChild(college);
} else if ("c3".equals(collegeName)) {
Element newChild = doc.createElement("class");
newChild.setAttribute("name", "c4");
college.appendChild(newChild);
}
}
}
}
// 新增节点
Element addCollege = doc.createElement("college");
addCollege.setAttribute("name", "c5");
root.appendChild(addCollege);
Text text = doc.createTextNode("text");
addCollege.appendChild(text);
// 将修改后的文档保存到文件
TransformerFactory transFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer transFormer = transFactory.newTransformer();
DOMSource domSource = new DOMSource(doc);
File file = new File("src/dom-modify.xml");
if (file.exists()) {
file.delete();
}
file.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
StreamResult xmlResult = new StreamResult(out);
transFormer.transform(domSource, xmlResult);
System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TransformerException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
该代码只要稍做修改，即可变得更加简洁，无需一直写if来判断是否有子节点。
2、【SAX (Simple API for XML) 】
SAX不用将整个文档加载到内存，基于事件驱动的API(Observer模式)，用户只需要注册自己感兴趣的事件即可。SAX提供EntityResolver, DTDHandler, ContentHandler, ErrorHandler接口，分别用于监听解析实体事件、DTD处理事件、正文处理事件和处理出错事件，与AWT类似，SAX还提供了一个对这4个接口默认的类DefaultHandler（这里的默认实现，其实就是一个空方法），一般只要继承DefaultHandler，重写自己感兴趣的事件即可。
示例代码：
[java] view
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package test.xml;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.Locator;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
/**
*
* @author whwang
*/
public class TestSAX {
public static void main(String[] args) {
read();
write();
}
public static void read() {
try {
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();
InputStream in = TestSAX.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
parser.parse(in, new MyHandler());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void write() {
System.err.println("纯SAX对于写操作无能为力");
}
}
// 重写对自己感兴趣的事件处理方法
class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler {
@Override
public InputSource resolveEntity(String publicId, String systemId)
throws IOException, SAXException {
return super.resolveEntity(publicId, systemId);
}
@Override
public void notationDecl(String name, String publicId, String systemId)
throws SAXException {
super.notationDecl(name, publicId, systemId);
}
@Override
public void unparsedEntityDecl(String name, String publicId,
String systemId, String notationName) throws SAXException {
super.unparsedEntityDecl(name, publicId, systemId, notationName);
}
@Override
public void setDocumentLocator(Locator locator) {
super.setDocumentLocator(locator);
}
@Override
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
System.err.println("开始解析文档");
}
@Override
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
System.err.println("解析结束");
}
@Override
public void startPrefixMapping(String prefix, String uri)
throws SAXException {
super.startPrefixMapping(prefix, uri);
}
@Override
public void endPrefixMapping(String prefix) throws SAXException {
super.endPrefixMapping(prefix);
}
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
System.err.print("Element: " + qName + ", attr: ");
print(attributes);
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
super.characters(ch, start, length);
}
@Override
public void ignorableWhitespace(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
super.ignorableWhitespace(ch, start, length);
}
@Override
public void processingInstruction(String target, String data)
throws SAXException {
super.processingInstruction(target, data);
}
@Override
public void skippedEntity(String name) throws SAXException {
super.skippedEntity(name);
}
@Override
public void warning(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
super.warning(e);
}
@Override
public void error(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
super.error(e);
}
@Override
public void fatalError(SAXParseException e) throws SAXException {
super.fatalError(e);
}
private void print(Attributes attrs) {
if (attrs == null) return;
System.err.print("[");
for (int i = 0; i < attrs.getLength(); i++) {
System.err.print(attrs.getQName(i) + " = " + attrs.getValue(i));
if (i != attrs.getLength() - 1) {
System.err.print(", ");
}
}
System.err.println("]");
}
}
3、【JDOM】
JDOM与DOM非常类似，它是处理XML的纯JAVA API，API大量使用了Collections类，且JDOM仅使用具体类而不使用接口。 JDOM 它自身不包含解析器。它通常使用 SAX2 解析器来解析和验证输入 XML 文档（尽管它还可以将以前构造的 DOM 表示作为输入）。它包含一些转换器以将
JDOM 表示输出成 SAX2 事件流、DOM 模型或 XML 文本文档
示例代码：
[java] view
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package test.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import org.jdom.Attribute;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;
/**
* JDom读写xml
* @author whwang
*/
public class TestJDom {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//read();
write();
}
public static void read() {
try {
boolean validate = false;
SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(validate);
InputStream in = TestJDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.build(in);
// 获取根节点 <university>
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
readNode(root, "");
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void readNode(Element root, String prefix) {
if (root == null) return;
// 获取属性
List<Attribute> attrs = root.getAttributes();
if (attrs != null && attrs.size() > 0) {
System.err.print(prefix);
for (Attribute attr : attrs) {
System.err.print(attr.getValue() + " ");
}
System.err.println();
}
// 获取他的子节点
List<Element> childNodes = root.getChildren();
prefix += "\t";
for (Element e : childNodes) {
readNode(e, prefix);
}
}
public static void write() {
boolean validate = false;
try {
SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(validate);
InputStream in = TestJDom.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.build(in);
// 获取根节点 <university>
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
// 修改属性
root.setAttribute("name", "tsu");
// 删除
boolean isRemoved = root.removeChildren("college");
System.err.println(isRemoved);
// 新增
Element newCollege = new Element("college");
newCollege.setAttribute("name", "new_college");
Element newClass = new Element("class");
newClass.setAttribute("name", "ccccc");
newCollege.addContent(newClass);
root.addContent(newCollege);
XMLOutputter out = new XMLOutputter();
File file = new File("src/jdom-modify.xml");
if (file.exists()) {
file.delete();
}
file.createNewFile();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
out.output(doc, fos);
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4、【DOM4j】
dom4j是目前在xml解析方面是最优秀的(Hibernate、Sun的JAXM也都使用dom4j来解析XML)，它合并了许多超出基本 XML 文档表示的功能，包括集成的 XPath 支持、XML Schema 支持以及用于大文档或流化文档的基于事件的处理
示例代码：
[java] view
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package test.xml;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Attribute;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.ProcessingInstruction;
import org.dom4j.VisitorSupport;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
/**
* Dom4j读写xml
* @author whwang
*/
public class TestDom4j {
public static void main(String[] args) {
read1();
//read2();
//write();
}
public static void read1() {
try {
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
InputStream in = TestDom4j.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = reader.read(in);
Element root = doc.getRootElement();
readNode(root, "");
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void readNode(Element root, String prefix) {
if (root == null) return;
// 获取属性
List<Attribute> attrs = root.attributes();
if (attrs != null && attrs.size() > 0) {
System.err.print(prefix);
for (Attribute attr : attrs) {
System.err.print(attr.getValue() + " ");
}
System.err.println();
}
// 获取他的子节点
List<Element> childNodes = root.elements();
prefix += "\t";
for (Element e : childNodes) {
readNode(e, prefix);
}
}
public static void read2() {
try {
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
InputStream in = TestDom4j.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = reader.read(in);
doc.accept(new MyVistor());
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void write() {
try {
// 创建一个xml文档
Document doc = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
Element university = doc.addElement("university");
university.addAttribute("name", "tsu");
// 注释
university.addComment("这个是根节点");
Element college = university.addElement("college");
college.addAttribute("name", "cccccc");
college.setText("text");
File file = new File("src/dom4j-modify.xml");
if (file.exists()) {
file.delete();
}
file.createNewFile();
XMLWriter out = new XMLWriter(new FileWriter(file));
out.write(doc);
out.flush();
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class MyVistor extends VisitorSupport {
public void visit(Attribute node) {
System.out.println("Attibute: " + node.getName() + "="
+ node.getValue());
}
public void visit(Element node) {
if (node.isTextOnly()) {
System.out.println("Element: " + node.getName() + "="
+ node.getText());
} else {
System.out.println(node.getName());
}
}
@Override
public void visit(ProcessingInstruction node) {
System.out.println("PI:" + node.getTarget() + " " + node.getText());
}
}
三、【性能测试】
环境：AMD4400+ 2.0+GHz主频 JDK6.0运行参数：-Xms400m -Xmx400m
xml文件大小：10.7M
结果：
DOM: >581297ms
SAX: 8829ms
JDOM: 581297ms
DOM4j: 5309ms
时间包括IO的，只是进行了简单的测试，仅供参考！！！！
四、【对比】
1、【DOM】DOM是基于树的结构，通常需要加载整文档和构造DOM树，然后才能开始工作。
优点：
a、由于整棵树在内存中，因此可以对xml文档随机访问
b、可以对xml文档进行修改操作
c、较sax，dom使用也更简单。
缺点：
a、整个文档必须一次性解析完
a、由于整个文档都需要载入内存，对于大文档成本高
2、【SAX】
SAX类似流媒体，它基于事件驱动的，因此无需将整个文档载入内存，使用者只需要监听自己感兴趣的事件即可。
优点：
a、无需将整个xml文档载入内存，因此消耗内存少
b、可以注册多个ContentHandler
缺点：
a、不能随机的访问xml中的节点
b、不能修改文档
3、【JDOM】
JDOM是纯Java的处理XML的API，其API中大量使用Collections类，
优点：
a、DOM方式的优点
b、具有SAX的Java规则
缺点
a、DOM方式的缺点
4、【DOM4J】
这4中xml解析方式中，最优秀的一个，集易用和性能于一身。
五、【小插曲XPath】
XPath 是一门在 XML 文档中查找信息的语言， 可用来在 XML 文档中对元素和属性进行遍历。XPath 是 W3C XSLT 标准的主要元素，并且 XQuery 和 XPointer 同时被构建于 XPath 表达之上。因此，对 XPath 的理解是很多高级 XML应用的基础。
XPath非常类似对数据库操作的SQL语言，或者说JQuery，它可以方便开发者抓起文档中需要的东西。（dom4j也支持xpath）
示例代码：
[java] view
plaincopy
package test.xml;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpression;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException;
import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
public class TestXPath {
public static void main(String[] args) {
read();
}
public static void read() {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
InputStream in = TestXPath.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.parse(in);
XPathFactory factory = XPathFactory.newInstance();
XPath xpath = factory.newXPath();
// 选取所有class元素的name属性
// XPath语法介绍： http://w3school.com.cn/xpath/
XPathExpression expr = xpath.compile("//class/@name");
NodeList nodes = (NodeList) expr.evaluate(doc, XPathConstants.NODESET);
for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) {
System.out.println("name = " + nodes.item(i).getNodeValue());
}
} catch (XPathExpressionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
六、【补充】
注意4种解析方法对TextNode（文本节点）的处理：
1、在使用DOM时，调用node.getChildNodes()获取该节点的子节点，文本节点也会被当作一个Node来返回，如：
[html] view
plaincopy
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<university name="pku">
<college name="c1">
<class name="class1">
<student name="stu1" sex='male' age="21" />
<student name="stu2" sex='female' age="20" />
<student name="stu3" sex='female' age="20" />
</class>
</college>
</university>
[java] view
plaincopy
package test.xml;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
/**
* dom读写xml
* @author whwang
*/
public class TestDom2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
read();
}
public static void read() {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
try {
DocumentBuilder builder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
InputStream in = TestDom2.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("test.xml");
Document doc = builder.parse(in);
// root <university>
Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
if (root == null) return;
// System.err.println(root.getAttribute("name"));
// all college node
NodeList collegeNodes = root.getChildNodes();
if (collegeNodes == null) return;
System.err.println("university子节点数：" + collegeNodes.getLength());
System.err.println("子节点如下：");
for(int i = 0; i < collegeNodes.getLength(); i++) {
Node college = collegeNodes.item(i);
if (college == null) continue;
if (college.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
System.err.println("\t元素节点：" + college.getNodeName());
} else if (college.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE) {
System.err.println("\t文本节点：" + Arrays.toString(college.getTextContent().getBytes()));
}
}
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出的结果是：
[java] view
plaincopy
university子节点数：3
子节点如下：
文本节点：[10, 9]
元素节点：college
文本节点：[10]
其中\n的ASCII码为10，\t的ASCII码为9。结果让人大吃一惊，university的子节点数不是1，也不是2，而是3，这3个子节点都是谁呢？为了看得更清楚点，把xml文档改为：
[html] view
plaincopy
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<university name="pku">11
<college name="c1">
<class name="class1">
<student name="stu1" sex='male' age="21" />
<student name="stu2" sex='female' age="20" />
<student name="stu3" sex='female' age="20" />
</class>
</college>22
</university>
还是上面的程序，输出结果为：
[java] view
plaincopy
university子节点数：3
子节点如下：
文本节点：[49, 49, 10, 9]
元素节点：college
文本节点：[50, 50, 10]
其中数字1的ASCII码为49，数字2的ASCII码为50。
2、使用SAX来解析同DOM，当你重写它的public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)方法时，你就能看到。
3、JDOM，调用node.getChildren()只返回子节点，不包括TextNode节点（不管该节点是否有Text信息）。如果要获取该节点的Text信息，可以调用node.getText()方法，该方法返回节点的Text信息，也包括\n\t等特殊字符。
4、DOM4j同JDOM
参考：
http://www.docin.com/p-78963650.html http://wenku.baidu.com/view/b091f9360b4c2e3f5727638b.html http://kree.iteye.com/blog/668280
dom,sax,dom4j,jdom的关系就不描述了.xerces是xml解析的实现，可以设置覆盖jdk的默认解决实现.
1. dom(w3c标准，JDK自带)
Java代码
package org.w3c.dom;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
/**
*
* @author hongliang.dinghl DOM生成与解析XML文档
*/
public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument {
private Document document;
public void init() {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory
.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
this.document = builder.newDocument();
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void createXml(String fileName) {
Element root = this.document.createElement("employees");
this.document.appendChild(root);
Element employee = this.document.createElement("employee");
Element name = this.document.createElement("name");
name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("丁宏亮"));
employee.appendChild(name);
Element sex = this.document.createElement("sex");
sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("m"));
employee.appendChild(sex);
Element age = this.document.createElement("age");
age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("30"));
employee.appendChild(age);
root.appendChild(employee);
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
try {
Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document);
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312");
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw);
transformer.transform(source, result);
System.out.println("生成XML文件成功!");
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (TransformerException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
try {
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
Document document = db.parse(fileName);
NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) {
Node employee = employees.item(i);
NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes();
for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) {
Node node = employeeInfo.item(j);
NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes();
for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) {
System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName()
+ ":" + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent());
}
}
}
System.out.println("解析完毕");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (SAXException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
2. sax解析[jdk自带]
Java代码
package org.xml.sax;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.XmlDocument;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
/**
*
* 优点：不用事先调入整个文档，占用资源少；SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小，适于Applet，下载。
* 缺点：不是持久的；事件过后，若没保存数据，那么数据就丢了；
* 无状态性；
*
* @author hongliang.dinghl SAX文档解析
*/
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {
@Override
public void init() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public void createXml(String fileName) {
System.out.println("<<" + fileName + ">>");
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
try {
SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);
saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {
boolean hasAttribute = false;
Attributes attributes = null;
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("文档开始打印了");
}
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
System.out.println("文档打印结束了");
}
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
if (qName.equals("employees")) {
return;
}
if (qName.equals("employee")) {
System.out.println(qName);
}
if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {
this.attributes = attributes;
this.hasAttribute = true;
}
}
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0)
+ attributes.getValue(0));
}
}
}
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));
}
}
3. jdom[需要引入jdom]
Java代码
package org.jdom;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;
import org.w3c.dom.XmlDocument;
/**
*
* @author hongliang.dinghl JDOM 生成与解析XML文档
*
*/
public class JDomDemo implements XmlDocument {
public void createXml(String fileName) {
Document document;
Element root;
root = new Element("employees");
document = new Document(root);
Element employee = new Element("employee");
root.addContent(employee);
Element name = new Element("name");
name.setText("ddvip");
employee.addContent(name);
Element sex = new Element("sex");
sex.setText("m");
employee.addContent(sex);
Element age = new Element("age");
age.setText("23");
employee.addContent(age);
XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter();
try {
XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(false);
try {
Document document = builder.build(fileName);
Element employees = document.getRootElement();
List employeeList = employees.getChildren("employee");
for (int i = 0; i < employeeList.size(); i++) {
Element employee = (Element) employeeList.get(i);
List employeeInfo = employee.getChildren();
for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.size(); j++) {
System.out.println(((Element) employeeInfo.get(j))
.getName()
+ ":"
+ ((Element) employeeInfo.get(j)).getValue());
}
}
} catch (JDOMException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void init() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
4. dom4j[需要引入dom4j]
Java代码
package org.dom4j;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
import org.w3c.dom.XmlDocument;
/**
* 具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点
* 开源
*
* @author hongliang.dinghl Dom4j 生成XML文档与解析XML文档
*/
public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument {
@Override
public void init() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public void createXml(String fileName) {
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
Element employees = document.addElement("employees");
Element employee = employees.addElement("employee");
Element name = employee.addElement("name");
name.setText("ddvip");
Element sex = employee.addElement("sex");
sex.setText("m");
Element age = employee.addElement("age");
age.setText("29");
try {
Writer fileWriter = new FileWriter(fileName);
XMLWriter xmlWriter = new XMLWriter(fileWriter);
xmlWriter.write(document);
xmlWriter.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public void parserXml(String fileName) {
File inputXml = new File(fileName);
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
try {
Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);
Element employees = document.getRootElement();
for (Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();) {
Element employee = (Element) i.next();
for (Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();) {
Element node = (Element) j.next();
System.out.println(node.getName() + ":" + node.getText());
}
}
} catch (DocumentException e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
System.out.println("dom4j parserXml");
}
}
5. xerces[需要引入xerces.jar]
Java代码
*System.setProperty("javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory", "com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderFactoryImpl");
*System.setProperty("javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory", "com.sun.org.apache.xerces.jaxp.SAXParserFactoryImpl");
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