【Oracle】RAC下的一些常用命令（一）

节点层：

olsnodes

-n：显示每个节点编号。

[oracle@rac1 ~]# olsnodes -n
rac1 1
rac2 2
-p:显示每个节点用于private interconnect的网络接口名称。

[oracle@rac1 ~]# olsnodes -p
rac1 rac1-priv
rac2 rac2-priv
-i：显示每个节点的VIP

[oracle@rac1 ~]# olsnodes -i
rac1 rac1-vip
rac2 rac2-vip
-g：打印日志信息

[oracle@rac1 ~]# olsnodes -g
rac1
rac2
-v：打印详细日志信息

[oracle@rac1 ~]# olsnodes -v
prlslms: Initializing LXL global
prlsndmain: Initializing CLSS context
prlsmemberlist: No of cluster members configured = 256
prlsmemberlist: Getting information for nodenum = 1
prlsmemberlist: node_name = rac1
prlsmemberlist: ctx->lsdata->node_num = 1
prls_printdata: Printing the node data
rac1
prlsmemberlist: Getting information for nodenum = 2
prlsmemberlist: node_name = rac2
prlsmemberlist: ctx->lsdata->node_num = 2
prls_printdata: Printing the node data
rac2
prlsndmain: olsnodes executed successfully
prlsndterm: Terminating LSF

网络层：

[oracle@rac1 ~]# oifcfg

Name:
oifcfg - Oracle Interface Configuration Tool.

Usage: oifcfg iflist [-p [-n]]
oifcfg setif {-node <nodename> | -global} {<if_name>/<subnet>:<if_type>}...
oifcfg getif [-node <nodename> | -global] [ -if <if_name>[/<subnet>] [-type <if_type>] ]
oifcfg delif [-node <nodename> | -global] [<if_name>[/<subnet>]]
oifcfg [-help]

<nodename> - name of the host, as known to a communications network
<if_name> - name by which the interface is configured in the system
<subnet> - subnet address of the interface
<if_type> - type of the interface { cluster_interconnect | public | storage }
iflist显示网口列表：

[oracle@rac1 ~]# oifcfg iflist
eth0 192.168.1.0
eth1 192.168.2.0
eth2 192.168.101.0
getif可以获得单个网口的信息

[oracle@rac1 ~]# oifcfg getif
eth0 192.168.1.0 global public
eth1 192.168.2.0 global cluster_interconnect
[oracle@rac1 ~]# oifcfg getif -type public
eth0 192.168.1.0 global public
[oracle@rac1 ~]# oifcfg getif -type cluster_interconnect
eth1 192.168.2.0 global cluster_interconnect
setif配置单个网口：

[oracle@rac1 ~]# oifcfg setif -global eth2/192.168.101.0:public
delif删除网口：

[oracle@rac1 ~]# oifcfg delif -global eth2/192.168.101.0

集群层：

crsctl

[oracle@rac1 ~]# crsctl
Usage: crsctl check crs - checks the viability of the CRS stack
crsctl check cssd - checks the viability of CSS
crsctl check crsd - checks the viability of CRS
crsctl check evmd - checks the viability of EVM
crsctl set css <parameter> <value> - sets a parameter override
crsctl get css <parameter> - gets the value of a CSS parameter
crsctl unset css <parameter> - sets CSS parameter to its default
crsctl query css votedisk - lists the voting disks used by CSS
crsctl add css votedisk <path> - adds a new voting disk
crsctl delete css votedisk <path> - removes a voting disk
crsctl enable crs - enables startup for all CRS daemons
crsctl disable crs - disables startup for all CRS daemons
crsctl start crs - starts all CRS daemons.
crsctl stop crs - stops all CRS daemons. Stops CRS resources in case of cluster.
crsctl start resources - starts CRS resources.
crsctl stop resources - stops CRS resources.
crsctl debug statedump evm - dumps state info for evm objects
crsctl debug statedump crs - dumps state info for crs objects
crsctl debug statedump css - dumps state info for css objects
crsctl debug log css [module:level]{,module:level} ...
- Turns on debugging for CSS
crsctl debug trace css - dumps CSS in-memory tracing cache
crsctl debug log crs [module:level]{,module:level} ...
- Turns on debugging for CRS
crsctl debug trace crs - dumps CRS in-memory tracing cache
crsctl debug log evm [module:level]{,module:level} ...
- Turns on debugging for EVM
crsctl debug trace evm - dumps EVM in-memory tracing cache
crsctl debug log res <resname:level> turns on debugging for resources
crsctl query crs softwareversion [<nodename>] - lists the version of CRS software installed
crsctl query crs activeversion - lists the CRS software operating version
crsctl lsmodules css - lists the CSS modules that can be used for debugging
crsctl lsmodules crs - lists the CRS modules that can be used for debugging
crsctl lsmodules evm - lists the EVM modules that can be used for debugging

If necesary any of these commands can be run with additional tracing by
adding a "trace" argument at the very front.
Example: crsctl trace check css
检查crs状态：

[oracle@rac1 ~]# crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy
crs关闭的情况下：

[oracle@rac1 ~]# crsctl check crs
Failure 1 contacting CSS daemon
Cannot communicate with CRS
Cannot communicate with EVM
分别检查cssd、crsd、evmd三个组件的状态：

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crsctl check cssd
CSS appears healthy
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crsctl check crsd
CRS appears healthy
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crsctl check evmd
EVM appears healthy

禁止CRS自动启动（root）：

[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl disable crs
配置CRS自动启动（root）：

[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl enable crs
这两个命令实际是修改了/etc/oracle/scls_scr/rac1/root/crsstart文件

启动CRS（root）

[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
停止CRS（root）

[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources.
Successfully stopped CRS resources
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.

查看votedisk的位置：

[oracle@rac1 ~]# crsctl query css votedisk
0. 0 /dev/raw/raw2

located 1 votedisk(s).
get查看设置

[oracle@rac1 ~]# crsctl get css misscount
60
set修改参数（要慎用，不能乱动）

[oracle@rac1 ~]# crsctl set css misscount 60
Configuration parameter misscount is now set to 60.

跟踪CRS模块，提供诊断辅助

CRS由CRS、CSS、EVM这3个服务组成，而每个服务又是由一系列module（模块）组成，crsctl允许对于每个module进行跟踪，并把跟踪内容记录记到日志中。

crs lsmodules可以用来查看每个服务下的module：

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crsctl lsmodules css
The following are the CSS modules ::
CSSD
COMMCRS
COMMNS
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crsctl lsmodules crs
The following are the CRS modules ::
CRSUI
CRSCOMM
CRSRTI
CRSMAIN
CRSPLACE
CRSAPP
CRSRES
CRSCOMM
CRSOCR
CRSTIMER
CRSEVT
CRSD
CLUCLS
CSSCLNT
COMMCRS
COMMNS
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ crsctl lsmodules evm
The following are the EVM modules ::
EVMD
EVMDMAIN
EVMCOMM
EVMEVT
EVMAPP
EVMAGENT
CRSOCR
CLUCLS
CSSCLNT
COMMCRS
COMMNS

跟踪CSSD模块，需要root用户执行：

[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl debug log css "CSSD:1"
Configuration parameter trace is now set to 1.
Set CRSD Debug Module: CSSD Level: 1
$CRS_HOME/log/rac1/cssd/ocssd.log中的跟踪内容

[ CSSD]2014-08-20 22:32:38.992 [102603664] >TRACE: clssgmClientConnectMsg: Connect from con(0x8584fa8) proc(0x8584db0) pid() proto(10:2:1:1)

添加Votedisk：

查看目前的votedisk

[root@rac1 cssd]# crsctl query css votedisk
关闭CRS

[root@rac1 cssd]# crsctl stop crs
添加votedisk：

[root@rac1 cssd]# crsctl add css votedisk /dev/raw/raw2
此时会添加失败，因为即使是在CRS关闭以后，也必须通过-force参数来增加或删除votedisk。并且-force参数只有在crs关闭的场合下使用才安全。

正确添加votedisk的命令：

[root@rac1 cssd]# crsctl add css votedisk /dev/raw/raw2 -force
添加完后查看

[root@rac1 cssd]# crsctl query css votedisk
启动crs

[root@rac1 cssd]# crsctl start crs

OCR命令系列：

1.ocrdump

打印出ocr中的内容进行查看，不能进行备份恢复，只能用于阅读。

ocrdump [-stdout] [filename] [-keyname name] [-xml]

参数说明：

-stdout：把内容打印输出到屏幕上。

Filename：内容输出到文件中。

-keyname：只打印某个键及其子键的内容。

-xml：以xml格式打印输出。

下面例子把SYSTEM.css键的内容以.xml格式打印输出到屏幕。

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ocrdump -stdout -keyname SYSTEM.css -xml|more
<OCRDUMP>

<TIMESTAMP>08/20/2014 23:01:32</TIMESTAMP>
<COMMAND>/u01/crs1020/bin/ocrdump.bin -stdout -keyname SYSTEM.css -xml </COMMAND
>

<KEY>
<NAME>SYSTEM.css</NAME>
<VALUE_TYPE>UNDEF</VALUE_TYPE>
<VALUE><![CDATA[]]></VALUE>
<USER_PERMISSION>PROCR_ALL_ACCESS</USER_PERMISSION>
<GROUP_PERMISSION>PROCR_READ</GROUP_PERMISSION>
<OTHER_PERMISSION>PROCR_READ</OTHER_PERMISSION>
<USER_NAME>root</USER_NAME>
<GROUP_NAME>root</GROUP_NAME>

<KEY>
<NAME>SYSTEM.css.interfaces</NAME>
<VALUE_TYPE>UNDEF</VALUE_TYPE>
<VALUE><![CDATA[]]></VALUE>
<USER_PERMISSION>PROCR_ALL_ACCESS</USER_PERMISSION>
<GROUP_PERMISSION>PROCR_CREATE_SUB_KEY</GROUP_PERMISSION>
<OTHER_PERMISSION>PROCR_READ</OTHER_PERMISSION>
...........
如果此命令执行有问题，会在$CRS_HOME/log/rac1/client目录下产生文件，文件名ocrdump_<pid>.log。如果命令执行出现问题，可以从这个日志查看问题原因。

2.ocrcheck

如果OCR内容一致，产生如下输出：

[oracle@rac1 ~]$ ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 104344
Used space (kbytes) : 3808
Available space (kbytes) : 100536
ID : 503754514
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw1
Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
如果OCR内容不一致，输出中会出现以下提示：

Device/File needs to be synvhronixed with the other device
执行这个命令过程中，会在$CRS_HOME/log/<nodename>/client目录下产生ocrcheck_<pid>.log日志文件。

Oracle Database 10g CRS Release 10.2.0.1.0 Production Copyright 1996, 2005 Oracle. All rights reserved.
2014-08-20 19:34:20.922: [OCRCHECK][3066518304]ocrcheck starts...
2014-08-20 19:34:21.654: [OCRCHECK][3066518304]protchcheck: OCR status : total = [104344], used = [1980], avail = [102364]

2014-08-20 19:34:21.654: [OCRCHECK][3066518304]Exiting [status=success]...
3.ocrconfig

[oracle@rac1 client]$ ocrconfig -help
Name:
ocrconfig - Configuration tool for Oracle Cluster Registry.

Synopsis:
ocrconfig [option]
option:
-export <filename> [-s online]
- Export cluster register contents to a file
-import <filename> - Import cluster registry contents from a file
-upgrade [<user> [<group>]]
- Upgrade cluster registry from previous version
-downgrade [-version <version string>]
- Downgrade cluster registry to the specified version
-backuploc <dirname> - Configure periodic backup location
-showbackup - Show backup information
-restore <filename> - Restore from physical backup
-replace ocr|ocrmirror [<filename>] - Add/replace/remove a OCR device/file
-overwrite - Overwrite OCR configuration on disk
-repair ocr|ocrmirror <filename> - Repair local OCR configuration
-help - Print out this help information

Note:
A log file will be created in
$ORACLE_HOME/log/<hostname>/client/ocrconfig_<pid>.log. Please ensure
you have file creation privileges in the above directory before
running this tool.

查看ocr的自动备份（ocr的备份由master节点完成，默认四小时一次，如果在某个节点上看到的备份为几个月前的，则该节点不是当前的master节点)：

[oracle@rac1 client]$ ocrconfig -showbackup

使用导出导入进行OCR的备份和恢复：

在对集群做调整前，如：增删节点等操作前，应该对OCR进行一次备份，可以使用export备份到指定文件。如果做了replace或restore等操作，Oracle建议使用”cluvfy comp ocr -n all”命令做一次全面检查。

(1)关闭所有节点的CRS

节点1：

[root@rac1 crsd]# crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources.
Successfully stopped CRS resources
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
节点2：

[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources.
Successfully stopped CRS resources
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
（2）导出OCR的内容。

[root@rac1 crsd]# cd
[root@rac1 ~]# ocrconfig -export ocrexp.exp
（3）启动CRS

节点一：

[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
节点二：

[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly

[root@rac2 ~]# crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....B1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....B2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.RACDB.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
（4）破坏OCR中的内容

[root@rac2 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw1 bs=1024 count=102400
102400+0 records in
102400+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 41.7897 seconds, 2.5 MB/s
（5）检查集群状态，OCR一致性：

[root@rac2 ~]# crs_stat -t
CRS-0184: Cannot communicate with the CRS daemon.
[root@rac2 ~]# ocrcheck
PROT-601: Failed to initialize ocrcheck
集群已经挂掉，一致性无法检查。

（6）使用Clusterware安装包中的clufy工具检查一致性

[root@rac1 cluvfy]# ./runcluvfy.sh comp ocr -n all

Verifying OCR integrity
Unable to retrieve nodelist from Oracle clusterware.

Verification cannot proceed.
检查失败。

（7）使用import恢复ocr内容。

[root@rac1 ~]# ocrconfig -import ocrexp.exp
（8）再次检查OCR

[root@rac1 ~]# ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 2
Total space (kbytes) : 104344
Used space (kbytes) : 3820
Available space (kbytes) : 100524
ID : 1731255225
Device/File Name : /dev/raw/raw1
Device/File integrity check succeeded

Device/File not configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
（9）cluvfy工具检查

[root@rac1 cluvfy]# ./runcluvfy.sh comp ocr -n all

Verifying OCR integrity

Checking OCR integrity...

Checking the absence of a non-clustered configuration...
All nodes free of non-clustered, local-only configurations.

Uniqueness check for OCR device passed.

Checking the version of OCR...
OCR of correct Version "2" exists.

Checking data integrity of OCR...
Data integrity check for OCR passed.

OCR integrity check passed.

Verification of OCR integrity was successful.
检查也没问题。

（10）关闭CRS

OCR被破坏后CRS已经异常停止，但有些进程依然存活，如果不先关闭下CRS，直接启动CRS会无法启动。

节点一：

[root@rac1 crsd]# crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources.
Successfully stopped CRS resources
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
节点二：

[root@rac2 crsd]# crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources.
Successfully stopped CRS resources
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
（10）启动CRS

节点一：

[root@rac1 cluvfy]# crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
节点二：

[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
[root@rac2 crsd]# crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....B1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....B2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.RACDB.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
[root@rac2 crsd]# crsctl check crs
CSS appears healthy
CRS appears healthy
EVM appears healthy