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Http请求相关工具类

2014-07-28 13:50 281 查看

1.Android封装Http请求的工具类

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import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.net.URLEncoder;

import java.security.KeyStore;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Map.Entry;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;

import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;

import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;

import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;

import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;

import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import org.apache.http.impl.conn.tsccm.ThreadSafeClientConnManager;

import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;

import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;

import org.apache.http.params.HttpProtocolParams;

import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import android.content.Context;

import android.net.ConnectivityManager;

/**

* 网络工具类

*

* @author malinkang

*

*/

public class NetUtils {

/**

* 对网络连接状态进行判断

*

* @return true, 可用; false, 不可用

*/

public static boolean isOpenNetwork(Context context) {

ConnectivityManager connManager = (ConnectivityManager) context

.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);

if (connManager.getActiveNetworkInfo() != null) {

return connManager.getActiveNetworkInfo().isAvailable();

}

return false;

}

/**

* get请求

*

* @param urlString

* @param params

* @return

*/

public static String getRequest(String urlString, Map<String, String> params) {

try {

StringBuilder urlBuilder = new StringBuilder();

urlBuilder.append(urlString);

if (null != params) {

urlBuilder.append("?");

Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iterator = params.entrySet()

.iterator();

while (iterator.hasNext()) {

Entry<String, String> param = iterator.next();

urlBuilder

.append(URLEncoder.encode(param.getKey(), "UTF-8"))

.append('=')

.append(URLEncoder.encode(param.getValue(), "UTF-8"));

if (iterator.hasNext()) {

urlBuilder.append('&');

}

}

}

// 创建HttpClient对象

HttpClient client = getNewHttpClient();

// 发送get请求创建HttpGet对象

HttpGet getMethod = new HttpGet(urlBuilder.toString());

HttpResponse response = client.execute(getMethod);

// 获取状态码

int res = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();

if (res == 200) {

StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

// 获取响应内容

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(

new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent()));

for (String s = reader.readLine(); s != null; s = reader

.readLine()) {

builder.append(s);

}

return builder.toString();

}

} catch (Exception e) {

}

return null;

}

/**

* post请求

*

* @param urlString

* @param params

* @return

*/

public static String postRequest(String urlString,

List<BasicNameValuePair> params) {

try {

// 1. 创建HttpClient对象

HttpClient client = getNewHttpClient();

// 2. 发get请求创建HttpGet对象

HttpPost postMethod = new HttpPost(urlString);

postMethod.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, HTTP.UTF_8));

HttpResponse response = client.execute(postMethod);

int statueCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();

if (statueCode == 200) {

System.out.println(statueCode);

return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());

}

} catch (Exception e) {

}

return null;

}

// 保存时+当时的秒数,

public static long expires(String second) {

Long l = Long.valueOf(second);

return l * 1000L + System.currentTimeMillis();

}

private static HttpClient getNewHttpClient() {

try {

KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore

.getDefaultType());

trustStore.load(null, null);

SSLSocketFactory sf = new SSLSocketFactoryEx(trustStore);

sf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);

HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();

HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(params, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);

HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(params, HTTP.UTF_8);

SchemeRegistry registry = new SchemeRegistry();

registry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory

.getSocketFactory(), 80));

registry.register(new Scheme("https", sf, 443));

ClientConnectionManager ccm = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(

params, registry);

return new DefaultHttpClient(ccm, params);

} catch (Exception e) {

return new DefaultHttpClient();

}

}

}

2.Android封装的Http请求辅助类

此处我封装了一个HTTP的get和post的辅助类,能够更好的使用;

类名:HttpRequestUtil

提供了如下功能:

(1)模拟GET请求;

(2)模拟POST请求;

(3)模拟文件上传请求;

(4)发送XML数据;


发送GET请求

(1)public static URLConnection sendGetRequest(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)

参数:

(1)url:单纯的URL,不带任何参数;

(2)params:参数;

(3)headers:需要设置的HTTP请求头;

返回:

HttpURLConnection


发送POST请求

(2)public static URLConnection sendPostRequest(String url, Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)

参数:

(1)url:单纯的URL,不带任何参数;

(2)params:参数;

(3)headers:需要设置的HTTP请求头;

返回:

HttpURLConnection


文件上传

(3)public static boolean uploadFiles(String url, Map<String, String> params, FormFile[] files)

参数:

(1)url:单纯URL

(2)params:参数;

(3)files:多个文件

返回:是否上传成功

(4)public static boolean uploadFile(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile file)

参数:

(1)url:单纯URL

(2)params:参数;

(3)file:一个文件

返回:是否上传成功


发送XML数据

(5)public static byte[] postXml(String url, String xml, String encoding)

参数:

(1)url:单纯URL

(2)xml:XML数据

(3)XML数据编码

对于上传文件,FormFile的构造函数声明如下:

(1)public FormFile(String filname, byte[] data, String parameterName, String contentType)

参数:

(1)filname:文件的名称

(2)data:文件的数据

(3)parameterName:HTML的文件上传控件的参数的名字

(4)contentType:文件类型,比如text/plain为txt

(2)public FormFile(String filname, File file, String parameterName, String contentType)

参数:

(1)filname:文件的名称

(2)file:文件名

(3)parameterName:HTML的文件上传控件的参数的名字

(4)contentType:文件类型,比如text/plain为txt

FormFile.java

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package com.xiazdong.netword.http.util;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.InputStream;

/**

* 上传文件

*/

public class FormFile {

/* 上传文件的数据 */

private byte[] data;

private InputStream inStream;

private File file;

/* 文件名称 */

private String filname;

/* 请求参数名称*/

private String parameterName;

/* 内容类型 */

private String contentType = "application/octet-stream";

/**

* 此函数用来传输小文件

* @param filname

* @param data

* @param parameterName

* @param contentType

*/

public FormFile(String filname, byte[] data, String parameterName, String contentType) {

this.data = data;

this.filname = filname;

this.parameterName = parameterName;

if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType;

}

/**

* 此函数用来传输大文件

* @param filname

* @param file

* @param parameterName

* @param contentType

*/

public FormFile(String filname, File file, String parameterName, String contentType) {

this.filname = filname;

this.parameterName = parameterName;

this.file = file;

try {

this.inStream = new FileInputStream(file);

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

if(contentType!=null) this.contentType = contentType;

}

public File getFile() {

return file;

}

public InputStream getInStream() {

return inStream;

}

public byte[] getData() {

return data;

}

public String getFilname() {

return filname;

}

public void setFilname(String filname) {

this.filname = filname;

}

public String getParameterName() {

return parameterName;

}

public void setParameterName(String parameterName) {

this.parameterName = parameterName;

}

public String getContentType() {

return contentType;

}

public void setContentType(String contentType) {

this.contentType = contentType;

}

}

HttpRequestUtil.java

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package com.xiazdong.netword.http.util;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.net.URL;

import java.net.URLConnection;

import java.net.URLEncoder;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Map.Entry;

import java.util.Set;

/*

* 此类用来发送HTTP请求

* */

public class HttpRequestUtil {

/**

* 发送GET请求

* @param url

* @param params

* @param headers

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

public static URLConnection sendGetRequest(String url,

Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)

throws Exception {

StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(url);

Set<Entry<String, String>> entrys = null;

// 如果是GET请求,则请求参数在URL中

if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {

buf.append("?");

entrys = params.entrySet();

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {

buf.append(entry.getKey()).append("=")

.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"))

.append("&");

}

buf.deleteCharAt(buf.length() - 1);

}

URL url1 = new URL(buf.toString());

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url1.openConnection();

conn.setRequestMethod("GET");

// 设置请求头

if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {

entrys = headers.entrySet();

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {

conn.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());

}

}

conn.getResponseCode();

return conn;

}

/**

* 发送POST请求

* @param url

* @param params

* @param headers

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

public static URLConnection sendPostRequest(String url,

Map<String, String> params, Map<String, String> headers)

throws Exception {

StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();

Set<Entry<String, String>> entrys = null;

// 如果存在参数,则放在HTTP请求体,形如name=aaa&age=10

if (params != null && !params.isEmpty()) {

entrys = params.entrySet();

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {

buf.append(entry.getKey()).append("=")

.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"))

.append("&");

}

buf.deleteCharAt(buf.length() - 1);

}

URL url1 = new URL(url);

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url1.openConnection();

conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

conn.setDoOutput(true);

OutputStream out = conn.getOutputStream();

out.write(buf.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));

if (headers != null && !headers.isEmpty()) {

entrys = headers.entrySet();

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrys) {

conn.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());

}

}

conn.getResponseCode(); // 为了发送成功

return conn;

}

/**

* 直接通过HTTP协议提交数据到服务器,实现如下面表单提交功能:

* <FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://192.168.0.200:8080/ssi/fileload/test.do" enctype="multipart/form-data">

<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="name">

<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="id">

<input type="file" name="imagefile"/>

<input type="file" name="zip"/>

</FORM>

* @param path 上传路径(注:避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试,因为它会指向手机模拟器,你可以使用http://www.itcast.cn或http://192.168.1.10:8080这样的路径测试)

* @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值

* @param file 上传文件

*/

public static boolean uploadFiles(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile[] files) throws Exception{

final String BOUNDARY = "---------------------------7da2137580612"; //数据分隔线

final String endline = "--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n";//数据结束标志

int fileDataLength = 0;

if(files!=null&&files.length!=0){

for(FormFile uploadFile : files){//得到文件类型数据的总长度

StringBuilder fileExplain = new StringBuilder();

fileExplain.append("--");

fileExplain.append(BOUNDARY);

fileExplain.append("\r\n");

fileExplain.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"\";filename=\""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "\"\r\n");

fileExplain.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"\r\n\r\n");

fileExplain.append("\r\n");

fileDataLength += fileExplain.length();

if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null){

fileDataLength += uploadFile.getFile().length();

}else{

fileDataLength += uploadFile.getData().length;

}

}

}

StringBuilder textEntity = new StringBuilder();

if(params!=null&&!params.isEmpty()){

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {//构造文本类型参数的实体数据

textEntity.append("--");

textEntity.append(BOUNDARY);

textEntity.append("\r\n");

textEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\""+ entry.getKey() + "\"\r\n\r\n");

textEntity.append(entry.getValue());

textEntity.append("\r\n");

}

}

//计算传输给服务器的实体数据总长度

int dataLength = textEntity.toString().getBytes().length + fileDataLength + endline.getBytes().length;

URL url = new URL(path);

int port = url.getPort()==-1 ? 80 : url.getPort();

Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName(url.getHost()), port);

OutputStream outStream = socket.getOutputStream();

//下面完成HTTP请求头的发送

String requestmethod = "POST "+ url.getPath()+" HTTP/1.1\r\n";

outStream.write(requestmethod.getBytes());

String accept = "Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/xaml+xml, application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument, application/x-ms-xbap, application/x-ms-application, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*\r\n";

outStream.write(accept.getBytes());

String language = "Accept-Language: zh-CN\r\n";

outStream.write(language.getBytes());

String contenttype = "Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary="+ BOUNDARY+ "\r\n";

outStream.write(contenttype.getBytes());

String contentlength = "Content-Length: "+ dataLength + "\r\n";

outStream.write(contentlength.getBytes());

String alive = "Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n";

outStream.write(alive.getBytes());

String host = "Host: "+ url.getHost() +":"+ port +"\r\n";

outStream.write(host.getBytes());

//写完HTTP请求头后根据HTTP协议再写一个回车换行

outStream.write("\r\n".getBytes());

//把所有文本类型的实体数据发送出来

outStream.write(textEntity.toString().getBytes());

//把所有文件类型的实体数据发送出来

if(files!=null&&files.length!=0){

for(FormFile uploadFile : files){

StringBuilder fileEntity = new StringBuilder();

fileEntity.append("--");

fileEntity.append(BOUNDARY);

fileEntity.append("\r\n");

fileEntity.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\""+ uploadFile.getParameterName()+"\";filename=\""+ uploadFile.getFilname() + "\"\r\n");

fileEntity.append("Content-Type: "+ uploadFile.getContentType()+"\r\n\r\n");

outStream.write(fileEntity.toString().getBytes());

if(uploadFile.getInStream()!=null){

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];

int len = 0;

while((len = uploadFile.getInStream().read(buffer, 0, 1024))!=-1){

outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);

}

uploadFile.getInStream().close();

}else{

outStream.write(uploadFile.getData(), 0, uploadFile.getData().length);

}

outStream.write("\r\n".getBytes());

}

}

//下面发送数据结束标志,表示数据已经结束

outStream.write(endline.getBytes());

BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

if(reader.readLine().indexOf("200")==-1){//读取web服务器返回的数据,判断请求码是否为200,如果不是200,代表请求失败

return false;

}

outStream.flush();

outStream.close();

reader.close();

socket.close();

return true;

}

/**

* 提交数据到服务器

* @param path 上传路径(注:避免使用localhost或127.0.0.1这样的路径测试,因为它会指向手机模拟器,你可以使用http://www.itcast.cn或http://192.168.1.10:8080这样的路径测试)

* @param params 请求参数 key为参数名,value为参数值

* @param file 上传文件

*/

public static boolean uploadFile(String path, Map<String, String> params, FormFile file) throws Exception{

return uploadFiles(path, params, new FormFile[]{file});

}

/**

* 将输入流转为字节数组

* @param inStream

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

public static byte[] read2Byte(InputStream inStream)throws Exception{

ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];

int len = 0;

while( (len = inStream.read(buffer)) !=-1 ){

outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);

}

outSteam.close();

inStream.close();

return outSteam.toByteArray();

}

/**

* 将输入流转为字符串

* @param inStream

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

public static String read2String(InputStream inStream)throws Exception{

ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];

int len = 0;

while( (len = inStream.read(buffer)) !=-1 ){

outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);

}

outSteam.close();

inStream.close();

return new String(outSteam.toByteArray(),"UTF-8");

}

/**

* 发送xml数据

* @param path 请求地址

* @param xml xml数据

* @param encoding 编码

* @return

* @throws Exception

*/

public static byte[] postXml(String path, String xml, String encoding) throws Exception{

byte[] data = xml.getBytes(encoding);

URL url = new URL(path);

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();

conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

conn.setDoOutput(true);

conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset="+ encoding);

conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));

conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);

OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream();

outStream.write(data);

outStream.flush();

outStream.close();

if(conn.getResponseCode()==200){

return read2Byte(conn.getInputStream());

}

return null;

}

//测试函数

public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {

Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();

params.put("name", "xiazdong");

params.put("age", "10");

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) HttpRequestUtil

.sendGetRequest(

"http://192.168.0.103:8080/Server/PrintServlet",

params, null);

int code = conn.getResponseCode();

InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();

byte[]data = read2Byte(in);

}

}

测试代码:

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Map<String,String> params = new HashMap<String,String>();

params.put("name", name.getText().toString());

params.put("age", age.getText().toString());

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) HttpRequestUtil.sendGetRequest("http://192.168.0.103:8080/Server/PrintServlet", params, null);

文件上传测试代码:

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FormFile formFile = new FormFile(file.getName(), file, "document", "text/plain");

boolean isSuccess = HttpRequestUtil.uploadFile("http://192.168.0.103:8080/Server/FileServlet", null, formFile);



3.Android开发_使用HttpURLConnection实现多线程下载

HttpURLConnection继承了URLConnection,因此也可用于向指定网站发送GET请求、POST请求,而且它在URLConnection基础上提供了如下便捷方法:



实现多线程下载的步骤:



下边的总结对我帮助蛮大的~不仅用法了解,整个连接流程也要明白!

原文链接地址:

http://www.blogjava.net/supercrsky/articles/247449.html

针对JDK中的URLConnection连接Servlet的问题,网上有虽然有所涉及,但是只是说明了某一个或几个问题,是以FAQ的方式来解决的,而且比较零散,现在对这个类的使用就本人在项目中的使用经验做如下总结:

1:> URL请求的类别:

分为二类,GET与POST请求。二者的区别在于:

a:) get请求可以获取静态页面,也可以把参数放在URL字串后面,传递给servlet,

b:) post与get的不同之处在于post的参数不是放在URL字串里面,而是放在http请求的正文内。

2:> URLConnection的对象问题:

URLConnection的对象,如下代码示例:

// 下面的index.jsp由<servlet-mapping>映射到

// 一个Servlet(com.quantanetwork.getClientDataServlet)

// 该Servlet的注意点下边会提到

1 URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/TestHttpURLConnectionPro/index.jsp");
2
3 URLConnection rulConnection = url.openConnection();
4         // 此处的urlConnection对象实际上是根据URL的
5           // 请求协议(此处是http)生成的URLConnection类
6           // 的子类HttpURLConnection,故此处最好将其转化
7           // 为HttpURLConnection类型的对象,以便用到
8           // HttpURLConnection更多的API.如下:
9
10 HttpURLConnection httpUrlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) rulConnection;


3:> HttpURLConnection对象参数问题

1   // 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在
2  // http正文内,因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;
3  httpUrlConnection.setDoOutput(true);
4
5  // 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认情况下是true;
6  httpUrlConnection.setDoInput(true);
7
8  // Post 请求不能使用缓存
9  httpUrlConnection.setUseCaches(false);
10
11  // 设定传送的内容类型是可序列化的java对象
12  // (如果不设此项,在传送序列化对象时,当WEB服务默认的不是这种类型时可能抛java.io.EOFException)
13  httpUrlConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-type", "application/x-java-serialized-object");
14
15  // 设定请求的方法为"POST",默认是GET
16  httpUrlConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
17
18  // 连接,从上述第2条中url.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成,
19          httpUrlConnection.connect();


4:> HttpURLConnection连接问题:

1 // 此处getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect(即:如同调用上面的connect()方法,
2  // 所以在开发中不调用上述的connect()也可以)。
3  OutputStream outStrm = httpUrlConnection.getOutputStream();


5:> HttpURLConnection写数据与发送数据问题:

1   // 现在通过输出流对象构建对象输出流对象,以实现输出可序列化的对象。
2     ObjectOutputStream objOutputStrm = new ObjectOutputStream(outStrm);
3
4    // 向对象输出流写出数据,这些数据将存到内存缓冲区中
5     objOutputStrm.writeObject(new String("我是测试数据"));
6
7    // 刷新对象输出流,将任何字节都写入潜在的流中(些处为ObjectOutputStream)
8     objOutputStm.flush();
9
10    // 关闭流对象。此时,不能再向对象输出流写入任何数据,先前写入的数据存在于内存缓冲区中,
11    // 在调用下边的getInputStream()函数时才把准备好的http请求正式发送到服务器
12    objOutputStm.close();
13
14    // 调用HttpURLConnection连接对象的getInputStream()函数,
15    // 将内存缓冲区中封装好的完整的HTTP请求电文发送到服务端。
16    InputStream inStrm = httpConn.getInputStream(); // <===注意,实际发送请求的代码段就在这里
17
18   // 上边的httpConn.getInputStream()方法已调用,本次HTTP请求已结束,下边向对象输出流的输出已无意义,
19   // 既使对象输出流没有调用close()方法,下边的操作也不会向对象输出流写入任何数据.
20   // 因此,要重新发送数据时需要重新创建连接、重新设参数、重新创建流对象、重新写数据、
21   // 重新发送数据(至于是否不用重新这些操作需要再研究)
22   objOutputStm.writeObject(new String(""));
23  httpConn.getInputStream()


总结:a:) HttpURLConnection的connect()函数,实际上只是建立了一个与服务器的tcp连接,并没有实际发送http请求。

无论是post还是get,http请求实际上直到HttpURLConnection的getInputStream()这个函数里面才正式发送出去。

b:) 在用POST方式发送URL请求时,URL请求参数的设定顺序是重中之重,

对connection对象的一切配置(那一堆set函数)

都必须要在connect()函数执行之前完成。而对outputStream的写操作,又必须要在inputStream的读操作之前。

这些顺序实际上是由http请求的格式决定的。

如果inputStream读操作在outputStream的写操作之前,会抛出例外:

java.net.ProtocolException: Cannot write output after reading input.......

c:) http请求实际上由两部分组成,

一个是http头,所有关于此次http请求的配置都在http头里面定义,

一个是正文content。

connect()函数会根据HttpURLConnection对象的配置值生成http头部信息,因此在调用connect函数之前,

就必须把所有的配置准备好。

d:) 在http头后面紧跟着的是http请求的正文,正文的内容是通过outputStream流写入的,

实际上outputStream不是一个网络流,充其量是个字符串流,往里面写入的东西不会立即发送到网络,

而是存在于内存缓冲区中,待outputStream流关闭时,根据输入的内容生成http正文。

至此,http请求的东西已经全部准备就绪。在getInputStream()函数调用的时候,就会把准备好的http请求

正式发送到服务器了,然后返回一个输入流,用于读取服务器对于此次http请求的返回信息。由于http

请求在getInputStream的时候已经发送出去了(包括http头和正文),因此在getInputStream()函数

之后对connection对象进行设置(对http头的信息进行修改)或者写入outputStream(对正文进行修改)

都是没有意义的了,执行这些操作会导致异常的发生。

6:> Servlet端的开发注意点:

a:) 对于客户端发送的POST类型的HTTP请求,Servlet必须实现doPost方法,而不能用doGet方法。

b:) 用HttpServletRequest的getInputStream()方法取得InputStream的对象,比如:

InputStream inStream = httpRequest.getInputStream();

现在调用inStream.available()(该方法用于“返回此输入流下一个方法调用可以不受阻塞地

从此输入流读取(或跳过)的估计字节数”)时,永远都反回0。试图使用此方法的返回值分配缓冲区,

以保存此流所有数据的做法是不正确的。那么,现在的解决办法是

Servlet这一端用如下实现:

InputStream inStream = httpRequest.getInputStream();

ObjectInputStream objInStream = new ObjectInputStream(inStream);

Object obj = objInStream.readObject();

// 做后续的处理

// 。。。。。。

// 。。。 。。。

而客户端,无论是否发送实际数据都要写入一个对象(那怕这个对象不用),如:

ObjectOutputStream objOutputStrm = new ObjectOutputStream(outStrm);

objOutputStrm.writeObject(new String("")); // 这里发送一个空数据

// 甚至可以发一个null对象,服务端取到后再做判断处理。

objOutputStrm.writeObject(null);

objOutputStrm.flush();

objOutputStrm.close();

注意:上述在创建对象输出流ObjectOutputStream时,如果将从HttpServletRequest取得的输入流

(即:new ObjectOutputStream(outStrm)中的outStrm)包装在BufferedOutputStream流里面,

则必须有objOutputStrm.flush();这一句,以便将流信息刷入缓冲输出流.如下:

ObjectOutputStream objOutputStrm = new ObjectOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(outStrm));

objOutputStrm.writeObject(null);

objOutputStrm.flush(); // <======此处必须要有.

objOutputStrm.close();

HttpURLConnection是基于HTTP协议的,其底层通过socket通信实现。如果不设置超时(timeout),在网络异常的情况下,可能会导致程序僵死而不继续往下执行。可以通过以下两个语句来设置相应的超时:

System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", 超时毫秒数字符串);

System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", 超时毫秒数字符串);

其中: sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout:连接主机的超时时间(单位:毫秒)

sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout:从主机读取数据的超时时间(单位:毫秒)

例如:

System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "30000");

System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTime

Java中可以使用HttpURLConnection来请求WEB资源。

HttpURLConnection对象不能直接构造,需要通过URL.openConnection()来获得HttpURLConnection对象,示例代码如下:

1 String szUrl = "http://www.ee2ee.com/";
2 URL url = new URL(szUrl);
3 HttpURLConnection urlCon = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();


HttpURLConnection是基于HTTP协议的,其底层通过socket通信实现。如果不设置超时(timeout),在网络异常的情况下,可能会导致程序僵死而不继续往下执行。可以通过以下两个语句来设置相应的超时:

System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", 超时毫秒数字符串);

System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", 超时毫秒数字符串);

其中: sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout:连接主机的超时时间(单位:毫秒)

sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout:从主机读取数据的超时时间(单位:毫秒)

例如:

System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "30000");

System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "30000");

JDK 1.5以前的版本,只能通过设置这两个系统属性来控制网络超时。在1.5中,还可以使用HttpURLConnection的父类URLConnection的以下两个方法:

setConnectTimeout:设置连接主机超时(单位:毫秒)

setReadTimeout:设置从主机读取数据超时(单位:毫秒)

例如:

1 HttpURLConnection urlCon = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
2 urlCon.setConnectTimeout(30000);
3 urlCon.setReadTimeout(30000);


需要注意的是,笔者在JDK1.4.2环境下,发现在设置了defaultReadTimeout的情况下,如果发生网络超时,HttpURLConnection会自动重新提交一次请求,出现一次请求调用,请求服务器两次的问题(Trouble)。我认为这是JDK1.4.2的一个bug。在JDK1.5.0中,此问题已得到解决,不存在自动重发现象。out",
"3000

下面用一个示例来示范使用HttpURLConnection实现多线程下载。此代码来源疯狂讲义一书,该代码主要思路:在Activity中点击按钮,调用DownUtil的download()方法,在download()中启动四个线程去下载资源,每个线程负责下载自己的那部分资源,代码如下:

Activity:

[java] view
plaincopy

package com.home.activity;

import java.util.Timer;

import java.util.TimerTask;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.os.Handler;

import android.os.Message;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.EditText;

import android.widget.ProgressBar;

import com.home.multithreaddown.R;

import com.home.util.DownUtil;

public class MultiThreadDownActivity extends Activity {

private EditText urlText;

private EditText targetText;

private Button downBtn;

private ProgressBar bar;

private DownUtil downUtil;

private int mDownStatus;

private Handler handler;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

// 获取界面中控件

targetText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.main_et_name);

urlText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.main_et_url);

downBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.main_btn_download);

bar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.main_progressBar);

// 创建一个Handler对象

handler = new Handler() {

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {

if (msg.what == 0x123) {

bar.setProgress(mDownStatus);

}

}

};

downBtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

// 初始化DownUtil对象

downUtil = new DownUtil(urlText.getText().toString(),

targetText.getText().toString(), 4);

try {

// 开始下载

downUtil.download();

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

// 定义每秒调度获取一次系统的完成进度

final Timer timer = new Timer();

timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {

public void run() {

// 获取下载任务的完成比率

double completeRate = downUtil.getCompleteRate();

mDownStatus = (int) (completeRate * 100);

// 发送消息通知界面更新进度条

handler.sendEmptyMessage(0x123);

// 下载完成后取消任务调度

if (mDownStatus >= 100) {

timer.cancel();

}

}

}, 0, 100);

}

});

}

}

下载的工具类(DownUtil):

[java] view
plaincopy

package com.home.util;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.RandomAccessFile;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;

import java.net.URL;

public class DownUtil {

// 定义下载资源的路径

private String path;

// 指定所下载的文件的保存位置

private String targetFile;

// 定义需要使用多少线程下载资源

private int threadNum;

// 定义下载的文件的总大小

private int fileSize;

// 定义下载的线程对象

private DownloadThread[] threads;

public DownUtil(String path, String targetFile, int threadNum) {

this.path = path;

this.threadNum = threadNum;

// 初始化threads数组

threads = new DownloadThread[threadNum];

this.targetFile = targetFile;

}

public void download() throws Exception {

URL url = new URL(path);

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);

conn.setRequestMethod("GET");

conn.setRequestProperty(

"Accept",

"image/gif,image/jpeg,image/pjpeg,application/x-shockwaveflash,application/x-ms-xbap,application/xaml+xml,application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument,application/x-ms-application,application/vnd.ms-excel,application/vnd.ms-powerpoint,application/msword,*/*");

conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");

conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");

conn.setRequestProperty(

"User-Agent",

"Mozilla/4.0(compatible;MSIE7.0;Windows NT 5.2;Trident/4.0;.NET CLR 1.1.4322;.NET CLR 2.0.50727;.NET CLR 3.0.04506.30;.NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152;.NET CLR 3.5.30729)");

conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");

// 得到文件大小

fileSize = conn.getContentLength();

conn.disconnect();

int currentPartSize = fileSize / threadNum + 1;

RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile(targetFile, "rw");

// 设置本地文件的大小

file.setLength(fileSize);

file.close();

for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {

// 计算每条线程的下载的开始位置

int startPos = i * currentPartSize;

// 每个线程使用一个RandomAccessFile进行下载

RandomAccessFile currentPart = new RandomAccessFile(targetFile,

"rw");

// 定位该线程的下载位置

currentPart.seek(startPos);

// 创建下载线程

threads[i] = new DownloadThread(startPos, currentPartSize,

currentPart);

// 启动下载线程

threads[i].start();

}

}

/**

* 获取下载完成的百分比

*

* @return

*/

public double getCompleteRate() {

// 统计多条线程已经下载的总大小

int sumSize = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {

sumSize += threads[i].length;

}

// 返回已经完成的百分比

return sumSize * 1.0 / fileSize;

}

private class DownloadThread extends Thread {

// 当前线程的下载位置

private int startPos;

// 定义当前线程负责下载的文件大小

private int currentPartSize;

// 当前线程需要下载的文件块

private RandomAccessFile currentPart;

// 定义该线程已下载的字节数

private int length = 0;

public DownloadThread(int startPos, int currentPartSize,

RandomAccessFile currentPart) {

this.startPos = startPos;

this.currentPartSize = currentPartSize;

this.currentPart = currentPart;

}

public void run() {

try {

URL url = new URL(path);

HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url

.openConnection();

conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);

conn.setRequestMethod("GET");

conn.setRequestProperty(

"Accept",

"image/gif,image/jpeg,image/pjpeg,application/x-shockwaveflash,application/x-ms-xbap,application/xaml+xml,application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument,application/x-ms-application,application/vnd.ms-excel,application/vnd.ms-powerpoint,application/msword,*/*");

conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "zh-CN");

conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");

InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();

// 跳过startPos个字符,表明该线程只下载自己负责那部分文件

is.skip(startPos);

byte[] by = new byte[1024];

int hasRead = 0;

// 读取网络数据,并写入本地文件

while (length < currentPartSize

&& (hasRead = is.read(by)) != -1) {

currentPart.write(by, 0, hasRead);

// 累计该线程下载的总大小

length += hasRead;

}

currentPart.close();

is.close();

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

Activity布局XML:

[html] view
plaincopy

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:orientation="vertical" >

<LinearLayout

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:orientation="horizontal" >

<TextView

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="输入url:" />

<EditText

android:id="@+id/main_et_url"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

<LinearLayout

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:orientation="horizontal" >

<TextView

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="输入保存的文件名:" />

<EditText

android:id="@+id/main_et_name"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

<Button

android:id="@+id/main_btn_download"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="下载" />

<ProgressBar

android:id="@+id/main_progressBar"

style="@android:style/Widget.ProgressBar.Horizontal"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

权限:

[html] view
plaincopy

<!-- 在SD卡中创建与删除文件权限 -->

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>

<!-- 向SD卡写入数据权限 -->

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

<!-- 授权访问网络 -->

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

4.Android平台向web应用get、post方式提交信息案例

参考书:疯狂 android讲义

1、效果图展示



2、界面布局

[html] view
plaincopy

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:orientation="vertical"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent"

>

<LinearLayout

android:orientation="horizontal"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:gravity="center"

>

<Button

android:id="@+id/get"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="@string/get"

/>

<Button

android:id="@+id/post"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="@string/post"

/>

</LinearLayout>

<EditText

android:id="@+id/show"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent"

android:editable="false"

android:cursorVisible="false"

android:gravity="top"

/>

</LinearLayout>

3、改发送get、post请求的工具类,如下:

[java] view
plaincopy

public class GetPostUtil

{

/**

* 向指定URL发送GET方法的请求

*

* @param url

* 发送请求的URL

* @param params

* 请求参数,请求参数应该是name1=value1&name2=value2的形式。

* @return URL所代表远程资源的响应

*/

public static String sendGet(String url, String params)

{

String result = "";

BufferedReader in = null;

try

{

String urlName = url + "?" + params;

URL realUrl = new URL(urlName);

// 打开和URL之间的连接

URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();

// 设置通用的请求属性

conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");

conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");

conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");

// 建立实际的连接

conn.connect();

// 获取所有响应头字段

Map<String, List<String>> map = conn.getHeaderFields();

// 遍历所有的响应头字段

for (String key : map.keySet())

{

System.out.println(key + "--->" + map.get(key));

}

// 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应

in = new BufferedReader(

new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));

String line;

while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)

{

result += "\n" + line;

}

}

catch (Exception e)

{

System.out.println("发送GET请求出现异常!" + e);

e.printStackTrace();

}

// 使用finally块来关闭输入流

finally

{

try

{

if (in != null)

{

in.close();

}

}

catch (IOException ex)

{

ex.printStackTrace();

}

}

return result;

}

/**

* 向指定URL发送POST方法的请求

*

* @param url

* 发送请求的URL

* @param params

* 请求参数,请求参数应该是name1=value1&name2=value2的形式。

* @return URL所代表远程资源的响应

*/

public static String sendPost(String url, String params)

{

PrintWriter out = null;

BufferedReader in = null;

String result = "";

try

{

URL realUrl = new URL(url);

// 打开和URL之间的连接

URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();

// 设置通用的请求属性

conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");

conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");

conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");

// 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行

conn.setDoOutput(true);

conn.setDoInput(true);

// 获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流

out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());

// 发送请求参数

out.print(params);

// flush输出流的缓冲

out.flush();

// 定义BufferedReade r输入流来读取URL的响应

in = new BufferedReader(

new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));

String line;

while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)

{

result += "\n" + line;

}

}

catch (Exception e)

{

System.out.println("发送POST请求出现异常!" + e);

e.printStackTrace();

}

// 使用finally块来关闭输出流、输入流

finally

{

try

{

if (out != null)

{

out.close();

}

if (in != null)

{

in.close();

}

}

catch (IOException ex)

{

ex.printStackTrace();

}

}

return result;

}

}

如果需要发送get请求只要调用URLConnection的connect()方法去建立实际的连接即可;如果需要发送post请求,则需要获取URLConnection的OutputStream,然后再向网络中输出请求参数,如以上程序!!!

4、activity程序代码

[java] view
plaincopy

public class GetPostMain extends Activity

{

Button get , post;

EditText show;

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)

{

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

get = (Button) findViewById(R.id.get);

post = (Button) findViewById(R.id.post);

show = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.show);

get.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()

{

@Override

public void onClick(View v)

{

String response = GetPostUtil

.sendGet("http://192.168.65.1:8080/abc/a.jsp" , null);

show.setText(response);

}

});

post.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()

{

@Override

public void onClick(View v)

{

String response = GetPostUtil

.sendPost("http://192.168.65.1:8080/abc/login.jsp"

, "name=crazyit.org&pass=leegang");

show.setText(response);

}

});

}

}

该程序所发送的get、post请求都是向本地局域网内:http://192/168.65.1:8080/abc应用下两个页面发送,这个应用都是部署在本机的web应用;
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