【Java】Maven使用笔记

Maven通常被用于管理程序依赖，这部分需要配置Maven的settings.xml文件。一般必须配置的有两个：

     1. 配置本地仓库地址，用于缓存已经拉取得依赖，不用每次都去网络上拉取：

<localRepository>/mnt/hgfs/edrive/mavenrespository/.m2/repository</localRepository>

     2. 配置mirros，以下是常用的几个镜像：

<mirror>
<id>nexus-osc</id>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
<name>Nexus osc</name>
<url>http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public/</url>
</mirror>
<mirror>
<id>nexus-osc-thirdparty</id>
<mirrorOf>thirdparty</mirrorOf>
<name>Nexus osc thirdparty</name>
<url>http://maven.oschina.net/content/repositories/thirdparty/</url>
</mirror>
<mirror>
<id>ibiblio.org</id>
<name>ibiblio Mirror of http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</name> <url>http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/maven2</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
<!-- United States, North Carolina -->
</mirror>

另外，很多时候还可以用Maven来构建/打包项目，需要在pom.xml文件里定义build element：

<build>
<!-- Include jar files in lib dir to build path -->
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>lib</directory>
<includes>
<include>**</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>

<!-- Change maven build output dir -->
<outputDirectory>${basedir}/WEB-INF/classes</outputDirectory>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<!-- Include jar files in lib dir to build path -->
<!--
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
<compilerArguments>
<extdirs>lib</extdirs>
</compilerArguments>
</configuration>
</plugin>
-->

<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
<artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<configuration>
<lifecycleMappingMetadata>
<pluginExecutions>
<pluginExecution>
<pluginExecutionFilter>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
</pluginExecutionFilter>
<action>
<ignore />
</action>
</pluginExecution>
</pluginExecutions>
</lifecycleMappingMetadata>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<!-- Copy maven dependencies to given output dir during 'mvn compile' -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>copy-dependencies</id>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<outputDirectory>${basedir}/WEB-INF/lib</outputDirectory>
<excludeTransitive>false</excludeTransitive>
<stripVersion>true</stripVersion>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<!-- Create goal to generate runnable jar file which contains all dependent jar files, by running 'mvn assembly:single' -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>org.junz.exec.Main</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
<descriptorRefs>
<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

最后是常用的一些命令：

1. mvn clean compile package
2. mvn install -DskipTests
3. mvn assembly:single
4. mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="org.junz.exec.Main"
5. mvn archetype:generate
6. mvn tomcat:run