django基本操作命令大全

# 在下载好的django路径下执行django的安装
# https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Django/1.6.4
python3 setup.py install
#
# 新建django项目
django-admin.py startproject mysite
#
# 运行django项目
python3 manage.py runserver [port]
#
# 创建一个app
python3 manage.py startapp appname
#
# 模型定义特殊字段定义(后面一些Field被略去)
# AutoFiled SlugField SmallIntegerField #Date,DateTime,Decimal,Char,File,Float,FilePath,Text#,Time,Binary,Boolean,BigInterger,NullBoolean,Image,#Interger,OneToOne
#PositiveSmallIntegerField, #PositiveIntergerField,Url,Email
#
# 创建一个model实体
from django.db import models
class Publisher(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=30) // 普通字段
website = models.URLField() // url类型字段
email = models.EmailField() // email类型字段
publication_date = models.DateField() // 时间类型字段
publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher) // 引用信息(外键)
#
# 模型检测 (需要在settings.py中注册此app)
python3 manage.py validate
#
# 模型生成sql语句查看
python3 manage.py sqlall modelname (app的名字)
#
# 模型生成到db 要生成用户之前必须做这一步
python3 manage.py syncdb
#
# 建立管理超级员
python manage.py createsuperuser
#
# 将model加入到admin管理列表中 在admin中
from django.contrib import admin
from books.models import Publisher, Author, Book
admin.site.register(Author,AuthorAdmin)
#
# 附加管理视图
from django.contrib import admin
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('title', 'publisher', 'publication_date') #显示列
list_filter = ('publication_date',) # 列过滤条件
date_hierarchy = 'publication_date' # 日期选择条件
ordering = ('-publication_date',) # 列表日期降序排列
fields = ('title', 'authors', 'publisher') # 编辑时显示需要添加的列 其他列 null=True
raw_id_fields = ('publisher',) # 编辑时 显示为id序号
#
# 定义模板路径
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'template').replace('\\','/'),
# /Users/King/Documents/Ops/Python/HelloDjango/HelloDjango
# /Users/King/Documents/Ops/Python/HelloDjango/HelloDjango/template
)
#
# 进入项目命令行模型
python manage.py shell
from django.contrib.auth.models import Publisher
p = Publisher.objects.create(name='Apress',website='www.apress.com')
Publisher.name = 'tuling'
所有的model都拥有一个objects管理器
使用filter方法可以过滤obj Publisher.objects.filter(name='usa')
模糊查询 Publisher.objects.filter(name__contains='usa')
#
使用get方法可完成一个对象的获取,如果返回不止一个对象就会报错 Publisher.DoesNotExist
使用order_by 排序 可 - 倒排
p = Publisher.objects.filter(id=52).update(name='Apress Publishing')
p.delete() 删除对象
p.save()
#
# 导入静态文件
在setting.py中
# 静态资源区域
# 这是一个根目录区域 对应实际文件目录
STATIC_ROOT = 'static/'
# 这是url配置目录 给urls用的
STATIC_URL = 'static/'
在模板页面中
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ STATIC_URL }}css/bootstrap.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="{{ STATIC_URL }}js/bootstrap.js"></script>
在urls.py的配置中
from django.conf.urls.static import static
在最后加入
admin.autodiscover()
urlpatterns = patterns('',
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'HelloDjango.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
(r'^$', latest_books),
) + (static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT))
在views.py对应的输出视图中
return render_to_response('index.html', {
'book_list': book_list,
'STATIC_URL': STATIC_URL,
})
#
# 其他解决方案
配置文件中
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
'/Users/King/Documents/Ops/Python/HelloDjango/static',
)
#
#
# 一个app基本的设置
#
#
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
ROOT_URLCONF = 'HelloDjango.urls'
SECRET_KEY = '&%s+d(0$motnksr+0o+oo8z9k=2h*7gd%gnnylrnc^w5#nut)h'
DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'HelloDjango.wsgi.application'
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
}
}
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# # Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# # Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/media/"
# MEDIA_ROOT = ''
#
# # URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# # trailing slash.
# # Examples: "http://media.lawrence.com/media/", "http://example.com/media/"
# MEDIA_URL = ''
# BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
# TEMPLATE_DIRS = ('templates',)
# 静态资源区域
# 这是一个根目录区域 对应实际文件目录
STATIC_ROOT = 'static/'
# 这是url配置目录 给urls用的
STATIC_URL = 'static/'
# STATICFILES_DIRS = (
# # Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
# # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
# )
# STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
# 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
# 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
# # 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
# )
# 定义模板路径
# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
# TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
# 'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
# 'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
# # 'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
# )
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates').replace('\\','/'),
)
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app',
)
# LOGGING = {
# 'version': 1,
# 'disable_existing_loggers': False,
# 'filters': {
# 'require_debug_false': {
# '()': 'django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse'
# }
# },
# 'handlers': {
# 'mail_admins': {
# 'level': 'ERROR',
# 'filters': ['require_debug_false'],
# 'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler'
# }
# },
# 'loggers': {
# 'django.request': {
# 'handlers': ['mail_admins'],
# 'level': 'ERROR',
# 'propagate': True,
# },
# }
# }
Django框架中的基本交互
12345678910111213141516 # 服务器端展示数据
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
def search(request):
return render_to_response('search.html', {'books':books,})
#
# search.html的数据渲染 , 利用模板
{% if books %}
<ul>
发现 {{ books | length }} 本书
{% for book in books %}
<li>{{ book.title }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% else %}
<p>没有查询到任何图书信息</p>
{% endif %}
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425 # 客户端提交数据 search_form.html
<html><head>
<title>Search</title></head>
<body>
{% if error %}
<p style="color:red;">请输入查询条件</p>
{% endif %}
<form action="/search_form/" method="get">
<input type="text" name="q">
<input type="submit" value="Search">
</form>
</body>
</html>
#
# 收集客户端信息
# from django.http import HttpResponse
# request.path() get_host() get_full_path() get_isecure()
# request.META[] 包含http头信息
def search_form(request):
if 'q' in request.GET and request.GET['q']:
q = request.GET['q']
books = Book.objects.filter(title__icontains=q)
return render_to_response('search_result.html', {'books':books,'query':q})
else:
return render_to_response('search.html', {'error': True})