观察者模式及c++实现

观察者模式概念：定义对象间的一种一对多的依赖关系，以便当一个对象的状态发生改变时，全部依赖于它的对象都得到通知并自己主动更新。“Define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.” – GoF

UML图



特点：

1.观察者模式定义了对象之间一对多的关系。

2.主题（也就是可观察者）用一个共同的接口来更新观察者。

3.观察者和可观察者用松耦合的方式结合，可观察者不知道观察者的细节，仅仅知道观察者实现了观察者接口

4.有多个观察者时，不能够依赖特点的通知次序。

C++源码：

Observer.h

/*
观察者模式：在对象之间定义一对多的依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态，
依赖它的对象都会收到通知，并自己主动更新。
*/

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class Observer;

//Account抽象类，用作接口
class Account
{
protected:
vector<Observer*> observer;
double balance;
public:
virtual void add_observer(Observer *o)=0;
virtual void remove_observer(Observer *o)=0;
virtual void notify_observer()=0;
virtual void set_balance(double balance)=0;
virtual double get_balance()=0;
public:
virtual ~Account()
{
cout<<"in the destructor of Account"<<endl;
}
};

//Observer抽象类，用作接口
class Observer
{
protected:
Account *account;
public:
Observer(Account *account):account(account) {}
virtual void handle_event()=0;
virtual void set_account_balance(double balance)=0;
virtual ~Observer()
{
cout<<"in the destructor of Observer"<<endl;
}
};

//BankAccount详细类，继承了ACcount抽象类
class BankAccount:public Account
{
public:

~BankAccount()
{
cout<<"in the destructor of BankAccount"<<endl;
}

public:
void add_observer(Observer *o)
{
observer.push_back(o);
}
void remove_observer(Observer *o)
{
for(vector<Observer*>::iterator it=observer.begin(); it!=observer.end(); it++)
{
if(o==*it)
{
observer.erase(it);
return;
}
}
}
void notify_observer()
{
for(vector<Observer*>::const_iterator it=observer.begin(); it!=observer.end(); it++)
{
(*it)->handle_event();
}
}
void set_balance(double balance)
{
this->balance=balance;
notify_observer();
}
double get_balance()
{
return balance;
}

};

class ATM:public Observer
{
public:
ATM(Account *account):Observer(account)//将acount传递给基类Observer的构造函数
{
}
~ATM()
{
cout<<"in the destructor of ATM"<<endl;
}
public:
void handle_event()
{
cout<<"ATM: the balance of bank accont is changed to "<<account->get_balance()<<endl;
}
void set_account_balance(double balance)
{
account->set_balance(balance);
}
};

class InternetBankService:public Observer
{
public:
InternetBankService(Account *account):Observer(account) {}
~InternetBankService()
{
cout<<"in the destructor InternetBankService "<<endl;
}
public:
void handle_event()
{
cout<<"IBS: the balance of bank account is changed to:"<<account->get_balance()<<endl;
}
void set_account_balance(double balance)
{
account->set_balance(balance);
}

};

Observer.cpp

#include "Observer.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
Account *account=new BankAccount();
Observer *atm_observer=new ATM(account);
Observer *ibs_observer=new InternetBankService(account);

account->add_observer(atm_observer);
account->add_observer(ibs_observer);

account->set_balance(1000.12);

cout<<"Event is triggered by atm_observer"<<endl;
cout<<"============="<<endl;
atm_observer->set_account_balance(1000.23);

cout<<"Event is triggered by ibs_observer"<<endl;
cout<<"============="<<endl;
ibs_observer->set_account_balance(1000.36);

delete atm_observer;
delete ibs_observer;
return 0;
}

例2：

Test_Observer.cpp

/*
千万要注意对象切割问题的出现。一定要理解。
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class Observer
{
protected:
string name;
public:
virtual void update()
{
cout<<"Observer"<<endl;
}
};

class Man:public Observer
{
public:
Man(string name)
{
this->name=name;
}
void update()
{
cout<<name<<" Man is coming"<<endl;
}
};
class Woman:public Observer
{
public:
Woman(string name)
{
this->name=name;
}
void update()
{
cout<<name<<" Woman is leaving"<<endl;
}
};

class Subject
{
private:
vector<Observer*> obser;
public:
void add(Observer &ob)
{
obser.push_back(&ob);
}
void notify()
{
for (vector<Observer*>::iterator it=obser.begin(); it!=obser.end(); it++)
{
(*it)->update();
}
}
};

int main()
{
Subject secret;
Man m1("m1--");
Man m2("m2--");
Woman w1("w1");
Woman w2("w2");

secret.add(m1);
secret.add(m2);
secret.add(w1);
secret.add(w2);

secret.notify();
return 0;

}