怎样给Oracle 数据库的表加触发器: how to add trigger for Oracle Database table

有时候我们不知道一个表什么时候被插入, 什么时候被删除, 只要给这个表加上trigger, 我们就可以清楚的在日志里面看出来, 在哪个代码里面对表进行了插入和删除的动作;

有个自动化工具可以给表加上触发器, 代码在最后;

使用方法如下:

1. 首先要改 TAB_NME, 这个要改成想要加trigger 的table name, 比如: RCV_TRANSACTIONS_INTERFACE

2. 其次要改 TRIG_NME, 这个要改成trigger 的名字, 比如: YU_RTI_INSERT_DELETE

3. 放在SQL Developer 里面跑这段代码, 会输出新的一段代码, 这段代码就是用于生成trigger 的代码;

4. 拷贝输出的代码, 重新跑一次, 于是在输出窗口就会显示编译已成功: TRIGGER YU_RTI_INSERT_DELETE 已编译

注意: 输出的代码第一行会有一句话: 匿名块已完成. 这个要删掉...

5. 用 select * from user_triggers where trigger_name like 'YU%'; 可以查出来你已经加了哪些触发器

6. 重现bug 之后收集的log 里面就会有这个trigger: YU_RTI_INSERT_DELETE: ...........INSERTING.......... 等等, 看上下文就可以很快找到插入的代码

set   serveroutput   on   size   999999 ;
DECLARE
TAB_NME   VARCHAR2(100) := UPPER('RCV_TRANSACTIONS_INTERFACE');
TRIG_NME  VARCHAR2(100) := UPPER('YU_RTI_INSERT_DELETE');
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ' ||TRIG_NME);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('before insert or delete');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('on ' ||TAB_NME);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('for each row ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('declare ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('pragma AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION; ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('begin ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('IF INSERTING THEN ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('  inv_trx_util_pub.trace('' ...........INSERTING..........'',   ''' ||TRIG_NME ||''',   1);');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ');
FOR I IN (SELECT   COLUMN_NAME
FROM     ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
WHERE    TABLE_NAME LIKE UPPER(TAB_NME)
GROUP BY COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_ID
ORDER BY COLUMN_ID)
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('if :NEW.' ||I.COLUMN_NAME ||' is not null then ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('  inv_trx_util_pub.trace('' new.' ||I.COLUMN_NAME ||' : '' || :NEW.' ||I.COLUMN_NAME ||',   ''' ||TRIG_NME ||''',   1);');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('end if;');
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ELSIF DELETING THEN ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('  inv_trx_util_pub.trace('' ...........DELETING..........'',   ''' ||TRIG_NME ||''',   1);');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ');
FOR I IN (SELECT   COLUMN_NAME
FROM     ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
WHERE    TABLE_NAME LIKE UPPER(TAB_NME)
GROUP BY COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_ID
ORDER BY COLUMN_ID)
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('if :OLD.' ||I.COLUMN_NAME ||' is not null then ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('  inv_trx_util_pub.trace('' old.' ||I.COLUMN_NAME ||' : '' || :OLD.' ||I.COLUMN_NAME ||',   ''' ||TRIG_NME ||''',   1);');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('end if;');
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('END IF;');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('END '||TRIG_NME||';');
END;

set   serveroutput   on   size   100000 ;
DECLARE
TAB_NME   VARCHAR2(100) := UPPER('table_name');
TRIG_NME  VARCHAR2(100) := UPPER('yu_mmt_update');
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER ' ||TRIG_NME);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('before update ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('on ' ||TAB_NME);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('for each row ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('declare ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('pragma AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION; ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('begin ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('IF UPDATING THEN ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('  inv_trx_util_pub.trace('' ...........UPDATING..........'',   ''' ||TRIG_NME ||''',   1);');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ');
FOR I IN (
SELECT COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_TYPE
FROM (
SELECT   T.COLUMN_NAME,
NVL(C.COLUMN_TYPE,'N')  COLUMN_TYPE,
T.COLUMN_ID
FROM     ALL_TAB_COLUMNS T,
(SELECT AIC.COLUMN_NAME,
'U'             COLUMN_TYPE
FROM   ALL_INDEXES AI,
ALL_IND_COLUMNS AIC
WHERE  AI.TABLE_NAME LIKE UPPER(TAB_NME)
AND AI.UNIQUENESS = 'UNIQUE'
AND AI.INDEX_NAME = AIC.INDEX_NAME
UNION
SELECT B.COLUMN_NAME,
'P'           COLUMN_TYPE
FROM   ALL_CONSTRAINTS A,
ALL_CONS_COLUMNS B
WHERE  A.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'P'
AND A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND A.TABLE_NAME LIKE UPPER(TAB_NME)) C
WHERE    T.TABLE_NAME LIKE UPPER(TAB_NME)
AND T.COLUMN_NAME = C.COLUMN_NAME (+)
)  GROUP BY COLUMN_NAME, COLUMN_TYPE, COLUMN_ID
ORDER BY COLUMN_ID)
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('if :OLD.'
||I.COLUMN_NAME
||' != :NEW.'
||I.COLUMN_NAME);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' OR (:OLD.'
||I.COLUMN_NAME
||' is null and :NEW.'
||I.COLUMN_NAME
||' is not null) OR (:OLD.'
||I.COLUMN_NAME
||' is not null and :NEW.'
||I.COLUMN_NAME
||' is null) ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' OR '''
||I.COLUMN_TYPE
||'''=''U'' OR '''
||I.COLUMN_TYPE
||'''=''P'' then ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('  inv_trx_util_pub.trace('' old.'
||I.COLUMN_NAME
||' : '' || :OLD.'
||I.COLUMN_NAME
||'|| '',  new.'
||I.COLUMN_NAME
||' : '' || :NEW.'
||I.COLUMN_NAME
||',   '''
||TRIG_NME
||''',   1);');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('end if;');
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('END IF;');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('END '||TRIG_NME||';');
END;

--select * from user_triggers where trigger_name like 'YU%';