使用Percona Data Recovery Tool for InnoDB恢复数据

运维工作中难免会发生一些误操作，当数据库表被误操作删除需要紧急恢复，或者没有备份时，Percona Data Recovery Tool for InnoDB这个工具也已提供一些便捷的恢复。当然这个工具也有相当的限制：1、只对innodb表有效2、一旦发生误操作，需要尽快停止对事故表的写入，将idb文件拷贝出来3、数据不一定总是能恢复，比如被重新写入的情况等
原理简述：InnoDB的数据都是索引的方式组织的，而且所有的数据都是存储在16KB的数据块中。恢复的过程分几步，分解所有数据文件为单个16KB大小的页面，根据每个页面的标记的数据起点开始尝试匹配，如果与给定表定义的size合适，认为匹配成功，则输出记录。
操作步骤：
一、安装编译：tar xvf percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5.tar.gz...
[root@zabbix percona]# cd percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5
[root@zabbix percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# cd mysql-source/
[root@zabbix mysql-source]# ./configure checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuchecking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu...
[root@zabbix percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# make...
二、实验数据：mysql> create table luna (id int,name varchar(10),sex varchar(2),logtime date);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> insert into luna values(1,'kuja','m','1986-01-19');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into luna values(2,'ben','m','1986-01-19');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into luna values(3,'lulu','m','1986-01-19');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from luna;+------+------+------+------------+| id | name | sex | logtime |+------+------+------+------------+| 1 | kuja | m | 1986-01-19 | | 2 | ben | m | 1986-01-19 | | 3 | lulu | m | 1986-01-19 | +------+------+------+------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from luna;Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
三、备份出要恢复表的idb文件并解析：[root@zabbix percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# cp /usr/local/mysql/data/test/luna.ibd /app/qipai_data/kuja/percona/percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5
[root@zabbix percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# ./page_parser -5 -f luna.ibd Opening file: luna.ibd:64768 ID of device containing file12419559 inode number33184 protection1 number of hard links0 user ID of owner0 group ID of owner0 device ID (if special file)98304 total size, in bytes4096 blocksize for filesystem I/O200 number of blocks allocated1397468556 time of last access1397468556 time of last modification1397468590 time of last status change98304 Size to process in bytes104857600 Disk cache size in bytes
生成目录：drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 14 17:43 pages-1397468622
四、生成表定义：[root@zabbix percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# ./create_defs.pl --user=kuja --password=kuja --host=192.168.13.21 --db=test --table=luna >include/table_defs.h
[root@zabbix percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# makegcc -DHAVE_OFFSET64_T -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -Wall -O3 -g -I include -I mysql-source/include -I mysql-source/innobase/include -c tables_dict.c -o lib/tables_dict.ogcc -DHAVE_OFFSET64_T -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -Wall -O3 -g -I include -I mysql-source/include -I mysql-source/innobase/include -c print_data.c -o lib/print_data.o gcc -DHAVE_OFFSET64_T -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -Wall -O3 -g -I include -I mysql-source/include -I mysql-source/innobase/include -c check_data.c -o lib/check_data.ogcc -DHAVE_OFFSET64_T -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -Wall -O3 -g -I include -I mysql-source/include -I mysql-source/innobase/include -o constraints_parser constraints_parser.c lib/tables_dict.o lib/print_data.o lib/check_data.o lib/libut.a lib/libmystrings.agcc -DHAVE_OFFSET64_T -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -Wall -O3 -g -I include -I mysql-source/include -I mysql-source/innobase/include -static -lrt -o page_parser page_parser.c lib/tables_dict.o lib/libut.a
五、将数据导入sql文件[root@zabbix percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# ./constraints_parser -5 -D -f pages-1397468622/FIL_PAGE_INDEX/0-13394/0-00000003.page > /tmp/111.sqlLOAD DATA INFILE '/app/qipai_data/kuja/percona/percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5/dumps/default/luna' REPLACE INTO TABLE `luna` FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' LINES STARTING BY 'luna\t' (id, name, sex, logtime);
[root@zabbix percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# more /tmp/111.sql luna 1 "kuja" "m" "1986-01-19"luna 2 "ben" "m" "1986-01-19"luna 3 "lulu" "m" "1986-01-19"
至此得到数据恢复文本。
六、附加参数释义：[root@zabbix percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# ./constraints_parser -hError: Usage: ./constraints_parser -4|-5 [-dDV] -f <InnoDB page or dir> [-T N:M] [-b <extrenal pages directory>] Where -f <InnoDB page(s)> -- InnoDB page or directory with pages -h -- Print this help -d -- Process only those pages which potentially could have deleted records (default = NO) -D -- Recover deleted rows only (default = NO) -U -- Recover UNdeleted rows only (default = NO) -V -- Verbode mode (lots of debug information) -4 -- innodb_datafile is in REDUNDANT format -5 -- innodb_datafile is in COMPACT format -T -- retrieves only pages with index id = NM (N - high word, M - low word of id) -b <dir> -- Directory where external pages can be found. Usually it is pages-XXX/FIL_PAGE_TYPE_BLOB/
七、实验中的碰到的问题：生成表定义时报错[root@zabbix percona-data-recovery-tool-for-innodb-0.5]# ./create_defs.pl --db test --table luna >include/table_defs.hinstall_driver(mysql) failed: Can't locate DBD/mysql.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib64/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/x86_64-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib64/perl5/5.8.8/x86_64-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8 .) at (eval 3) line 3.Perhaps the DBD::mysql perl module hasn't been fully installed,or perhaps the capitalisation of 'mysql' isn't right.Available drivers: DBM, ExampleP, File, Proxy, Sponge. at ./create_defs.pl line 37该问题的原因是没有安装perl-DBD-MySQL
安装后解决：[root@zabbix include]# yum install perl-DBD-MySQLLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: centos.ustc.edu.cn * base: centos.ustc.edu.cn * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cnSetting up Install ProcessResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:3.0007-2.el5 set to be updated--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size=====================================================================================================================================================================Installing: perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 3.0007-2.el5 base 148 k
Transaction Summary=====================================================================================================================================================================Install 1 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 148 kIs this ok [y/N]: yDownloading Packages:perl-DBD-MySQL-3.0007-2.el5.x86_64.rpm | 148 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debugRunning Transaction TestFinished Transaction TestTransaction Test SucceededRunning Transaction Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL 1/1
Installed: perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:3.0007-2.el5
Complete!