Ubuntu10.10的网络配置+Ubuntu12.04 LTS更新源

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/rusty/archive/2011/04/06/2007139.html

有一阵子着实对Ubuntu的网络配置很迷惑，耐下心来仔细上网找了找，有点小心得，总结一下。

先说下大概的配置过程，再去细究一些情况。
一、配置大概分三类：通过配置文件配置、通过命令配置、通过图形化的网络连接菜单配置。
拨号无线等的没条件实验，不涉及。
主要文件：/etc/network/interfaces，这里是IP、网关、掩码等的一些配置；/etc/resolv.conf这个文件保存DNS的有关信息
主要命令：sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart重启网络，使配置文件的配置失效；sudo route add default gw <IP地址>,设置网关。
二、配置方法
1、通过命令配置
如果你只是想暂时性的修改IP地址，可以选择这种方法。重启网络后会丢失。
1）sudo ifconfig eth0 <IP地址> netmask <子网掩码> up
eth0是网卡。最后的up表示开启网卡，可以不加。
2） sudo route add default gw <网关IP>
设置网关

3） 设置DNS，这个必须去配置文件修改，同第二种
4）配置主机名称
命令：sudo /bin/hostname <主机名>

但是系统启动时,会从/etc/hostname来读取主机的名称。
2、通过配置文件配置
1）配置IP网关：sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces 里面添加
dhcp的：

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

静态IP的：

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
#上面的是回环
#网卡eth0的配置
auto eth0
#staic 静态IP
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.5
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
#network 192.168.3.0
#broadcast 192.168.3.255
#后面两条是网络号和广播号，这个可以由其它信息计算，因此无需设置

这里还可以配置第二IP（虚拟IP）

auto eth0:1
iface eth0:1 inet static
address 192.168.1.60
netmask 255.255.255.0
#network x.x.x.x
#broadcast x.x.x.x
gateway x.x.x.x

2）配置DNS： sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 202.107.117.11

3）主机名：sudo gedit /etc/hostname 里面输入主机名。默认有个主机名，因此这个不是必须的。
4）重启网络：sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
也可以重启网卡：

sudo ifconfig eth0 down
sudo ifconfig eth0 up

重启网卡对别的网卡无影响，更推荐一些。
3、通过图形化的网络连接菜单配置
这个在系统-首选项里，也叫做network manager，通过右上角面板里的网络管理小程序可以启用它的配置。
这个有点问题：它和第二种方法共用配置文件，所以会导致种种冲突，使用时要注意。
不如，这两种方法都做了配置，sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart启用的是第二种方法的配置，而点击桌面面板上的网络管理小程序中的auto eth0启用的是第三种的配置。

Ubuntu12.04 LTS更新源

1、首先备份Ubuntu 12.04源列表

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup （备份下当前的源列表，有备无患嘛）

2、修改更新源

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list （打开Ubuntu 12.04源列表文件）

3、将下面的代码粘贴进去（“#”开头的那一行为注释，可以直接复制进文件中）

4、通知ubuntu启用新的更新源 sudo apt-get update
#台湾源

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted

#网易 Ubuntu 11.10 源（速度很快）

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted

#骨头源，骨头源是bones7456架设的一个Ubuntu源 ，提供ubuntu,deepin

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted

deb-src http://ubuntu.srt.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted

#mirror.lupaworld.com的源，速度很快

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/archive/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

#ubuntu.cn99.com源（推荐）:

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

#电子科技大学

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

#中国科技大学

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports restricted universe multiverse

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

#北京理工大学

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

#兰州大学

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb ftp://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe

#上海交通大学

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ precise main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main multiverse restricted universe

deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main multiverse restricted universe