Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下：

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图：





    根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  

        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  

        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  

    <bean id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

    

    <!-- 配置DAO -->

    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

    

    <bean id="userDao"  

        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">  

           <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  

           <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />     

        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  

         <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />

        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  

        <property name="transactionAttributes">  

            <props>  

                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

            </props>  

        </property>  

    </bean>  
</beans>

    第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  

        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  

        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  

    <bean id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

    

    <bean id="transactionBase"  

            class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  

            lazy-init="true" abstract="true">  

        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  

        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  

        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  

        <property name="transactionAttributes">  

            <props>  

                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  

            </props>  

        </property>  

    </bean>    

   

    <!-- 配置DAO -->

    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

    

    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >  

        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />   

    </bean>
</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  

        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  

        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  

    <bean id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean> 

   

    <bean id="transactionInterceptor"  

        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">  

        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  

        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  

        <property name="transactionAttributes">  

            <props>  

                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  

            </props>  

        </property>  

    </bean>

      

    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">  

        <property name="beanNames">  

            <list>  

                <value>*Dao</value>
            </list>  

        </property>  

        <property name="interceptorNames">  

            <list>  

                <value>transactionInterceptor</value>  

            </list>  

        </property>  

    </bean>  

  

    <!-- 配置DAO -->

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>
</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config />

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  

        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  

        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  

    <bean id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">

        <tx:attributes>

            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />

        </tx:attributes>

    </tx:advice>

    

    <aop:config>

        <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"

            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />

        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"

            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />        

    </aop:config>      
</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config />

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  

        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  

        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  

    <bean id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

    
</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional

@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao
{

    public List<User> listUsers()
{

        return this.getSession().createQuery("from
User").list();

    }

    

    


}