ORACLE 12C PDB 维护基础介绍

CDB和PDB是ORACLE 12C一个很亮的新特性,由于他们的引入导致传统的ORACLE数据库管理理念不少发生了改变,这里列举了部分最基本的cdb和pdb管理方式
cdb和pdb关系图



ORACLE 12C版本

SQL>select*fromv$version;

BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
OracleDatabase12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.1.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNSforLinux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production

启动关闭pdb

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total SystemGlobalArea  597098496 bytes
FixedSize                  2291072 bytes
VariableSize             272632448 bytes
DatabaseBuffers          314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers                7602176 bytes
Databasemounted.
Databaseopened.
SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBIDNAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED                      READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1                           MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2                           MOUNTED

SQL>alterPLUGGABLEdatabasepdb1open;

Pluggabledatabasealtered.

SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBIDNAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED                      READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1                          READWRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2                           MOUNTED

SQL>alterPLUGGABLEdatabasepdb1close;

Pluggabledatabasealtered.

SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBIDNAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED                      READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1                           MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2                           MOUNTED

SQL>alterPLUGGABLEdatabaseallopen;

Pluggabledatabasealtered.

SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBIDNAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED                      READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1                          READWRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2                          READWRITE

SQL>alterPLUGGABLEdatabaseallclose;

Pluggabledatabasealtered.

SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBIDNAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED                      READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1                           MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2                           MOUNTED

SQL>altersessionsetcontainer=pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL> startup
PluggableDatabaseopened.
SQL> selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBIDNAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
3 3313918585 PDB1                          READWRITE

pdb的管理可以在cdb中进行也可以在pdb中进行,如果是cdb中进行,需要PLUGGABLE关键字,如果是pdb中直接和普通数据库一样

登录pdb

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTLforLinux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Productionon12-MAY-2013 08:07:02

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. Allrights reserved.

Connectingto(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))
STATUSofthe LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNRforLinux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production
StartDate                11-MAY-2013 18:30:54
Uptime                    0 days 13 hr. 36min. 8 sec
TraceLevel               off
Security                 ON:LocalOS Authentication
SNMP                     OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/grid/product/12.1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=5500))
(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/oracle/12.1/db_1/admin/cdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service"+ASM"has 1 instance(s).
Instance"+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s)forthis service...
Service"cdb"has 1 instance(s).
Instance"cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s)forthis service...
Service"cdbXDB"has 1 instance(s).
Instance"cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s)forthis service...
Service"pdb1"has 1 instance(s).
Instance"cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s)forthis service...
Service"pdb2"has 1 instance(s).
Instance"cdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s)forthis service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ tnsping pdb1

TNS Ping UtilityforLinux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Productionon12-MAY-2013 08:07:09

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle. Allrights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adaptertoresolve the alias
Attemptingtocontact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xifenfei)
(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1)))
OK (20 msec)
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@pdb1assysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 ProductiononSun May 12 08:08:02 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. Allrights reserved.

Connectedto:
OracleDatabase12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Withthe Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics
andRealApplication Testing options

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus /assysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 ProductiononSun May 12 08:09:14 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. Allrights reserved.

Connectedto:
OracleDatabase12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Withthe Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics
andRealApplication Testing options

SQL>altersessionsetcontainer=pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1

pdb可以通过alter session container进入也可以直接通过tns方式登录

创建用户

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;

CON_ID       DBIDNAME                           OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED                      READONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1                          READWRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2                           MOUNTED

SQL>createuserxff identifiedbyxifenfei;
createuserxff identifiedbyxifenfei
*
ERRORatline 1:
ORA-65096: invalid commonuserorrolename

SQL> !oerr ora 65096
65096, 00000,"invalid common user or role name"
// *Cause:  An attempt was madetocreatea commonuserorrolewithaname
//          that wassnotvalidforcommon usersorroles. Inadditionto
//          the usual rulesforuserandrole names, commonuserandrole
//          names must startwithC##orc##andconsistonlyofASCII
//          characters.
// *Action: Specify a valid commonuserorrolename.
//

SQL>createuserc##xff identifiedbyxifenfei;

Usercreated.

SQL>SELECTUSERNAME,CON_ID,USER_IDFROMCDB_USERSWHEREUSERNAME='C##XFF';

USERNAME       CON_ID    USER_ID
---------- ---------- ----------
C##XFF              1        103
C##XFF              3        104

SQL>altersessionsetcontainer=pdb1;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL>createuserxff identifiedbyxifenfei;

Usercreated.

SQL>createuserc##abc identifiedbyxifenfei;
createuserc##abc identifiedbyxifenfei
*
ERRORatline 1:
ORA-65094: invalidlocaluserorrolename

创建用户默认的是container=all,在cdb中只能创建全局用户(c##开头),会在cdb和所有的pdb中创建该用户(但是pdb中的全局用户需要另外授权才能够在pdb中访问)。在pdb中只能创建的用户为本地用户

用户授权

SQL>grantconnecttoc##xff;

Grantsucceeded.

SQL>selectGRANTEE,con_idfromcdb_ROLE_PRIVSwhereGRANTED_ROLE='CONNECT'ANDGRANTEE='C##XFF';

GRANTEE                            CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
C##XFF                                  1

SQL>grantresourcetoc##xff container=all;

Grantsucceeded.

SQL> selectGRANTEE,con_idfromcdb_ROLE_PRIVSwhereGRANTED_ROLE='RESOURCE'AND  GRANTEE='C##XFF';

GRANTEE                            CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
C##XFF                                  1
C##XFF                                  3

用户授权默认情况下是只会给当前container,在cdb中也可以指定container=all,对所有open的pdb且存在该用户都进行授权
修改参数

SQL>altersystemsetopen_cursors=500 container=all;

System altered.

SQL> conn sys/xifenfei@pdb1assysdba
Connected.
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                        integer     500
SQL> altersystemsetopen_cursors=100;
altersystemsetopen_cursors=100
*
ERRORatline 1:
ORA-01219:databaseorpluggabledatabasenotopen: queries allowedonfixed
tablesorviewsonly

SQL>alterdatabaseopen;

Databasealtered.

SQL>altersystemsetopen_cursors=100;

System altered.

SQL>  show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                        integer     100
SQL> conn /assysdba
Connected.
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors                        integer     500

这里可以看到在cdb中修改,pdb会继承进去;如果在pdb中修改会覆盖pdb从cdb中继承的参数含义

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