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django 1.6.2 下session 与 cookies 的使用

2014-03-06 23:41 344 查看
首先强调版本是 1.6.2 低于这个版本的请自行查看版本间的差异

这里以一个简单的注册登录跳转为例说一下session 和 cookie的用法.

app的名字是 sessiontest

templates下模板 urls sessiontest.views  sessiontest.forms sessiontest.models 文本代码如下:

templates下模板

#index.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Welcome!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>欢迎你 {{ username }}</h2>
<hr/>

<p>
{%if flag %}
<a href="/logout/">注销</a>
<a href="/welcome/">欢迎页面</a>
{% else %}
<a href="/login/">登陆</a>
<a href="/register/">注册</a>
{%endif%}
</p>
</body>
</html>


#register.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Account Register</title>
</head>
<body><form action="" method="post">
<p>username:         
<input type="text" name="username" ></p>
<p>password:         
<input type="text" name="password" ></p>

<p> <a href="/login/">登陆</a>
<a href="/index/">返回首页</a>
<input type="submit" value="注册"/></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>


#login.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src ="/static/function.js"></script>
<title>Account Login</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
<p>username:         
<input type="text" name="username"  value={{ account }}></p>
<p>password:         
<input type="password" name="password" value={{ password }}></p>
<p>
<a href="/register/">注册</a>
<a href="/index/">返回首页</a>
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</p>
</form>
</body>
</html>


#welcome.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Welcome!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2> 再次欢迎你  {{ username }}</h2>
<hr/>
<p>
<a href="/logout/">注销</a>
<a href="/index/">返回首页</a>
</p>
</body>
</html>


urls.py文件:

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url, include

urlpatterns = patterns('',
(u'^login/$', 'sessiontest.views.login'),
(u'^register/$','sessiontest.views.register'),
(u'^index/$', 'sessiontest.views.index'),
(u'^logout/$','sessiontest.views.logout'),
(u'^welcome/$','sessiontest.views.welcome'),
)


# sessiontest.py文件

#coding=UTF-8
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from forms import RegisterForm,LoginForm
from sessiontest.models import User
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.http import HttpResponse

def  index(request):
user = request.session.get("username",None)
username = "游客"
flag = False
if   user:
username = user
flag = True
return render_to_response('index.html',locals())

def register(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
username=form.cleaned_data["username"]
password=form.cleaned_data["password"]
user=User(username =username,password = password)
user.save()
request.session["username"] = username
return HttpResponseRedirect("/index/")
return render_to_response("register.html")

def login(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = LoginForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
request.session["username"] = request.REQUEST.get("username")
response =  HttpResponseRedirect("/index/")
response.set_cookie("account",request.REQUEST.get("username"),10)
response.set_cookie("password",request.REQUEST.get("password"),10)
return response

username = request.COOKIES.get("account",None)
password = request.COOKIES.get("password",None)
p = User.objects.filter(username = username, password = password)
if  p:
return render_to_response("index.html",locals())
return render_to_response("login.html")

def logout(request):
if  request.session.get("username",None):
del request.session["username"]
return HttpResponseRedirect('/index/')

def welcome(request):
user = request.session.get("username",None)
if  not user:
return HttpResponseRedirect('/login/')
name = user
return render_to_response('welcome again.html',locals())


#forms.py 文件

#coding=UTF-8
from django import forms
from  sessiontest.models import User

class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(max_length=20)
password = forms.CharField(max_length=20)

def  clean_username(self):
username = self.cleaned_data.get("username","")
users = User.objects.filter(username =  username )
if not users:
return username
else:
raise forms.ValidationError("该昵称已经被使用请使用其他的昵称")

def clead_password(self):
password = self.cleaned_data.get("password","")
if len(password) == 0:
return False
return password

class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username=forms.CharField(max_length=20)
password=forms.CharField(max_length=20)

def  clean_username(self):
username = self.cleaned_data.get("username","")
password = self.cleaned_data.get("password","")
p = User.objects.filter(username = username)
if not p:
raise forms.ValidationError("Not enough words!")
return self.cleaned_data["username"]


#models.py

from django.db import models

class User(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=20)
password = models.CharField(max_length=20)

def __unicode__(self):
return self.username +" "+self.password

然后在setting.py 文件里面加上

SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 60*10 (session过期时间,这里是以秒为单位)

以及

SESSION_ENGINE = "django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache"

表示sessionid会存在于客户端的缓存中 (这个我还没弄明白原理是怎样)

session主要用到的方法为:

#取得某个session的值 若没有则为None

request.session.get("username",None)

#设置一个新的session的值 变量名字可以自行起

request.session["username"] = username

cookies的方法为:

#设置一个新的cookie account及其值 时间为600s 设置为-1则为永久

response.set_cookie("account",request.REQUEST.get("username"),10×60)

#获取一个cookie值

username = request.COOKIES.get("account",None)

更多session 和 cookie的使用方法请自行百度。

你会发现在成功登录一次之后,如果在session未过期期间再次登录则可直接进入.

若然session时间过了, 则在index.html页面会显示你为游客. 跳转到登录页面会里面的账户和密码已经帮你填好，这是cookie，直接登录即可。

假如你在登录期间改了密码，那么下次登录的时候表单里面依然是旧的密码，必然不能登录。

至于怎样刷新session的时间，貌似单纯用html是实现不了，据说用ajax可以实现，这个得研究研究.

还有一个就是你第一次登录，浏览器会询问你是否要记住密码，这个就是网站设置了cookie的效果，若你按否，浏览器就不会帮你生成这个cookies
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标签：  django
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