SmartWeatherAPI_Lite_WebAPI C# 获取key加密

中国气象局面向网络媒体、手机厂商、第三方气象服务机构等用户，通过 web 方式提供数据气象服务的官方载体。

在一周前已经申请到appid，但是苦于没有C#版的key 的算法，一直验证不通过，经过几天查询资料，现在提供一份C#版的HMAC-SHA1的加密算法

比较简单，分项给大家，大家可以参考一下。

string GetKey(string appid, string privateKey, string areaId, string date, string type)
{
//使用SHA1的HMAC

HMAC hmac = HMACSHA1.Create();
var publicKey = "http://webapi.weather.com.cn/data/?areaid={0}&type={1}&date={2}&appid={3}";
var data = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(string.Format(publicKey, areaId, type, date, appid));
//密钥
var key = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(privateKey);
hmac.Key = key;

//对数据进行签名
var signedData = hmac.ComputeHash(data);
return Convert.ToBase64String(signedData);

}

类型和接口已经修改，请看最新的代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
//项目添加System.Runtime.Serialization引用
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Web;

namespace MvcApplication1
{
public class Weather
{
//天气编码对应表
private Dictionary<string, string> weatherInfo = new Dictionary<string, string>();
//风力编码对应表
private Dictionary<string, string> WindInfo = new Dictionary<string, string>();
//风力方向对应表
private Dictionary<string, string> WindInfoDir = new Dictionary<string, string>();

private DataContractJsonSerializer ser;
private byte[] buff = new byte[5 * 1024];

public Weather()
{
#region 初始化编码表
weatherInfo.Add("00", "晴");
weatherInfo.Add("01", "多云");
weatherInfo.Add("02", "阴");
weatherInfo.Add("03", "阵雨");
weatherInfo.Add("04", "雷阵雨");
weatherInfo.Add("05", "雷阵雨伴有冰雹");
weatherInfo.Add("06", "雨夹雪");
weatherInfo.Add("07", "小雨");
weatherInfo.Add("08", "中雨");
weatherInfo.Add("09", "大雨");
weatherInfo.Add("10", "暴雨");
weatherInfo.Add("11", "大暴雨");
weatherInfo.Add("12", "特大暴雨");
weatherInfo.Add("13", "阵雪");
weatherInfo.Add("14", "小雪");
weatherInfo.Add("15", "中雪");
weatherInfo.Add("16", "大雪");
weatherInfo.Add("17", "暴雪");
weatherInfo.Add("18", "雾");
weatherInfo.Add("19", "冻雨");
weatherInfo.Add("20", "沙尘暴");
weatherInfo.Add("21", "小到中雨");
weatherInfo.Add("22", "中到大雨");
weatherInfo.Add("23", "大到暴雨");
weatherInfo.Add("24", "暴雨到大暴雨");
weatherInfo.Add("25", "大暴雨到特大暴雨");
weatherInfo.Add("26", "小到中雪");
weatherInfo.Add("27", "中到大雪");
weatherInfo.Add("28", "大到暴雪");
weatherInfo.Add("29", "浮尘");
weatherInfo.Add("30", "扬沙");
weatherInfo.Add("31", "强沙尘暴");
weatherInfo.Add("53", "雾霾");
weatherInfo.Add("99", "无");

WindInfoDir.Add("0", "无持续风向");
WindInfoDir.Add("1", "东北风");
WindInfoDir.Add("2", "东风");
WindInfoDir.Add("3", "东南风");
WindInfoDir.Add("4", "南风");
WindInfoDir.Add("5", "西南风");
WindInfoDir.Add("6", "西风");
WindInfoDir.Add("7", "西北风");
WindInfoDir.Add("8", "北风");
WindInfoDir.Add("9", "旋转风");

WindInfo.Add("0", "微风");
WindInfo.Add("1", "3-4级");
WindInfo.Add("2", "4-5级");
WindInfo.Add("3", "5-6级");
WindInfo.Add("4", "6-7级");
WindInfo.Add("5", "7-8级");
WindInfo.Add("6", "8-9级");
WindInfo.Add("7", "9-10级");
WindInfo.Add("8", "10-11级");
WindInfo.Add("9", "11-12级");
#endregion

ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(WeatherJson));
}

public void RefreshWeather()
{
bool update = false;
//string baseurl = "";
string baseurl = "http://open.weather.com.cn/data/?areaid={0}&type={1}&date={2}&appid={3}";

var cityCode = "101180901";
//指数:index_f(基础接口)；index_v(常规接口) 3天预报:forecast_f(基础接口)；forecast_v(常规接口)
var weatherType = "forecast_f";
var appID = "appID";
var private_key = "private_key";

string url = GetSmartWeatherApi(baseurl, cityCode, weatherType, DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmm"), appID, private_key);
int l = 0;
try
{
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
request.UserAgent = @"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.0; zh-CN; rv:1.8.1.4) Gecko/20070515 Firefox/2.0.0.4";
//从指定的URL中获取天气信息（JSON数据）
HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
Stream rs = response.GetResponseStream();
l = rs.Read(buff, 0, buff.Length);
rs.Close();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//网络连接失败;
}
//反序列化为实体
var mStream = new MemoryStream(buff, 0, l);
WeatherJson w;
try
{
w = (WeatherJson)ser.ReadObject(mStream);
if (w != null)
{
foreach (var item in w.f.f1)
{
item.fa_des = weatherInfo.ContainsKey(item.fa) ? weatherInfo[item.fa] : string.Empty;
item.fb_des = weatherInfo.ContainsKey(item.fb) ? weatherInfo[item.fb] : string.Empty;
item.fe_des = WindInfoDir.ContainsKey(item.fe) ? WindInfoDir[item.fe] : string.Empty;
item.ff_des = WindInfoDir.ContainsKey(item.ff) ? WindInfoDir[item.ff] : string.Empty;
item.fg_des = WindInfo.ContainsKey(item.fg) ? WindInfo[item.fg] : string.Empty;
item.fh_des = WindInfo.ContainsKey(item.fh) ? WindInfo[item.fh] : string.Empty;
}
}
}
catch (System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationException)
{
//反序列化失败
throw;
}

//获取天气预报
foreach (var item in w.f.f1)
{
string weather = (item.fa == item.fb) ? item.fa_des : item.fa_des + "转" + item.fb_des;
string temperature = item.fc + "℃ ~ " + item.fd + "℃";
string wind = item.fg == "0" ? item.fg_des : item.fe_des + " " + item.fg_des;
}
}

private string GetSmartWeatherApi(string _baseUrl, string _areaId, string _type, string _date, string _appID, string _privateKey)
{
string publicKey = string.Format(_baseUrl, _areaId, _type, _date, _appID);
string fullUrl = string.Format(_baseUrl, _areaId, _type, _date, _appID.Substring(0, 6));
fullUrl = string.Format("{0}&key={1}", fullUrl, GetSmartWeatherKeyCode(publicKey, _privateKey));
return fullUrl;
}
private string GetSmartWeatherKeyCode(string _publicKey, string _privateKey)
{
//使用SHA1的HMAC
HMAC hmac = HMACSHA1.Create();
Byte[] data = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_publicKey);
//密钥
Byte[] key = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_privateKey);
hmac.Key = key;

//对数据进行签名
var signedData = hmac.ComputeHash(data);
string keyCode = Convert.ToBase64String(signedData);
keyCode = System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(keyCode);
return keyCode;
}

}

#region 天气实体类，用于获取气象局json数据反序列化
public class WeatherJson
{
/// <summary>
/// 城市
/// </summary>
public WeatherC c { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 预报
/// </summary>
public WeatherF f { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 实况
/// </summary>
public WeatherL l { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 指数
/// </summary>
public WeatherI i { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 实况，type=observe
/// 示例：
/// "l":{
/// "l1":8"
/// "l2":"38"
/// "l3":"6"
/// "l4":"3"
/// "l7":"11:00"
/// }
/// </summary>
public class WeatherL
{
/// <summary>
/// 当前温度(摄氏度)
/// </summary>
public string l1 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 当前湿度(单位%)
/// </summary>
public string l2 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 当前风力(单位是级，无需根据风力编码表取值，直接显示即可)
/// </summary>
public string l3 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 当前风向编号
/// </summary>
public string l4 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 实况发布时间
/// </summary>
public string l7 { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 指数，type=index
/// 示例：
/// "i":[
/// {
/// "i1":"ct",
/// "i2":"穿衣指数",
/// "i3":"" ,
/// "i4":"热”,
/// "i5":"天气热，建议着短裙、短裤、短薄外套、T 恤等夏季服装。"
/// },
/// ]
/// </summary>
public class WeatherI
{
/// <summary>
/// 指数简称
/// </summary>
public string i1 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 指数中文名称
/// </summary>
public string i2 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 指数中文别名
/// </summary>
public string i3 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 指数级别
/// </summary>
public string i4 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 指数内容
/// </summary>
public string i7 { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 预报，城市信息，type=forecast3d
/// </summary>
public class WeatherC
{
/// <summary>
/// 区域 ID
/// </summary>
public string c1 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 城市英文名
/// </summary>
public string c2 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 城市英文名
/// </summary>
public string c3 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 城市所在市英文名
/// </summary>
public string c4 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 城市所在市中文名
/// </summary>
public string c5 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 城市所在省英文名
/// </summary>
public string c6 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 城市所在省中文名
/// </summary>
public string c7 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 城市所在国家英文名
/// </summary>
public string c8 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 城市所在国家中文名
/// </summary>
public string c9 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 城市级别
/// </summary>
public string c10 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 城市区号
/// </summary>
public string c11 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 城市区号
/// </summary>
public string c12 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 经度
/// </summary>
public string c13 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 纬度
/// </summary>
public string c14 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 海拔
/// </summary>
public string c15 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 雷达站号
/// </summary>
public string c16 { get; set; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 预报，type=forecast3d
/// </summary>
public class WeatherF
{
/// <summary>
/// 预报发布时间
/// </summary>
public string f0 { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 3天的天气预报
/// </summary>
public WeatherF1[] f1 { get; set; }
}
public class WeatherF1
{
/// <summary>
/// 白天天气现象编号
/// </summary>
public string fa { get; set; }
public string fa_des { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 晚上天气现象编号
/// </summary>
public string fb { get; set; }
public string fb_des { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 白天天气温度(摄氏度)
/// </summary>
public string fc { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 晚上天气温度(摄氏度)
/// </summary>
public string fd { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 白天风向编号
/// </summary>
public string fe { get; set; }
public string fe_des { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 晚上风向编号
/// </summary>
public string ff { get; set; }
public string ff_des { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 白天风力编号
/// </summary>
public string fg { get; set; }
public string fg_des { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 晚上风力编号
/// </summary>
public string fh { get; set; }
public string fh_des { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 日出日落时间(中间用|分割)
/// </summary>
public string fi { get; set; }
}
#endregion
}