Apache的rewrite重写相关的参数详解说明(伪静态)

Apache的rewrite重写相关的参数详解说明(伪静态)

Apache的rewrite的重写非常常用,现总结了一下.

这是我开发某网站用的重写规则:

ErrorDocument 404 /404.php
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.(asp|aspx|asa|asax|dll|jsp|cgi|fcgi|pl)(.*)$ /404.php
RewriteRule ^(.*)/file/(.*)\.php(.*)$ /404.php
RewriteRule ^(.*)-htm-(.*)$ $1.php?$2
RewriteRule ^(.*)/show-([0-9]+)([\-])?([0-9]+)?\.html$ $1/show.php?itemid=$2&page=$4
RewriteRule ^(.*)/list-([0-9]+)([\-])?([0-9]+)?\.html$ $1/list.php?catid=$2&page=$4
RewriteRule ^(.*)/show/([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)?([/])?$ $1/show.php?itemid=$2&page=$3
RewriteRule ^(.*)/list/([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)?([/])?$ $1/list.php?catid=$2&page=$3
RewriteRule ^(.*)/([A-za-z0-9_\-]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/list.php?catid=$3&page=$4
RewriteRule ^(.*)/([a-z]+)/(.*)\.shtml$ $1/$2/index.php?rewrite=$3
RewriteRule ^(.*)/com/([a-z0-9_\-]+)/([a-z]+)/(.*)\.html$ $1/index.php?homepage=$2&file=$3&rewrite=$4
RewriteRule ^(.*)/com/([a-z0-9_\-]+)/([a-z]+)([/])?$ $1/index.php?homepage=$2&file=$3
RewriteRule ^(.*)/com/([a-z0-9_\-]+)([/])?$ $1/index.php?homepage=$2
RewriteRule ^(.*)/tags/(.*)-cat-(.*)\.html$ $1/tags.php?tag=$2&cat=$3 [NE]
RewriteRule ^(.*)catalog/(.*)/page-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1catalog/catalog.php?catname=$2&page=$3 [L]
RewriteRule ^(.*)catalog/(.*)/$ $1catalog/catalog.php?catname=$2 [L]
RewriteRule ^(.*)catalog/(.*).html$ $1catalog/catalog.php?catname=$2 [L]

Apache mod_rewrite.c规则重写的标志一览:

R[=code](force redirect) 强制外部重定向 

强制在替代字符串加上http://thishost[:thisport]/前缀重定向到外部的URL.如果code不指定，将用缺省的302 HTTP状态码。 

F(force URL to be forbidden)禁用URL,返回403HTTP状态码。 

G(force URL to be gone) 强制URL为GONE，返回410HTTP状态码。 

P(force proxy) 强制使用代理转发。 

L(last rule) 表明当前规则是最后一条规则，停止分析以后规则的重写。 

N(next round) 重新从第一条规则开始运行重写过程。 

C(chained with next rule) 与下一条规则关联 

如果规则匹配则正常处理，该标志无效，如果不匹配，那么下面所有关联的规则都跳过。 

T=MIME-type(force MIME type) 强制MIME类型 

NS (used only if no internal sub-request) 只用于不是内部子请求 

NC(no case) 不区分大小写 

QSA(query string append) 追加请求字符串 

NE(no URI escaping of output) 不在输出转义特殊字符 

例如：RewriteRule /foo/(.*) /bar?arg=P1\=$1 [R,NE] 将能正确的将/foo/zoo转换成/bar?arg=P1=zed 

PT(pass through to next handler) 传递给下一个处理 

例如： 

RewriteRule ^/abc(.*) /def$1 [PT] # 将会交给/def规则处理 

Alias /def /ghi 

S=num(skip next rule(s)) 跳过num条规则 

E=VAR:VAL(set environment variable) 设置环境变量 

使用mod_rewrite时常用的服务器变量： 

HTTP headers:HTTP_USER_AGENT, HTTP_REFERER, HTTP_COOKIE, HTTP_HOST, HTTP_ACCEPT 

connection & request: REMOTE_ADDR, QUERY_STRING 

server internals: DOCUMENT_ROOT, SERVER_PORT, SERVER_PROTOCOL 

system stuff: TIME_YEAR, TIME_MON, TIME_DAY 

RewriteRule规则表达式的说明： 

. 匹配任何单字符 

[chars] 匹配字符串:chars 

[^chars] 不匹配字符串:chars 

text1|text2 可选择的字符串:text1或text2 

? 匹配0到1个字符 

* 匹配0到多个字符 

+ 匹配1到多个字符 

^ 字符串开始标志 

$ 字符串结束标志 

\n 转义符标志 

反向引用 $N 用于 RewriteRule 中匹配的变量调用(0 <= N <= 9) 

反向引用 %N 用于 RewriteCond 中最后一个匹配的变量调用(1 <= N <= 9) 

RewriteCond适用的标志符 

‘nocase|NC' (no case)忽略大小 

‘ornext|OR' (or next condition)逻辑或，可以同时匹配多个RewriteCond条件 

RewriteRule适用的标志符 

‘redirect|R [=code]' (force redirect)强迫重写为基于http开头的外部转向(注意URL的变化) 如：[R=301,L] 

‘forbidden|F' (force URL to be forbidden)重写为禁止访问 

‘proxy|P' (force proxy)重写为通过代理访问的http路径 

‘last|L' (last rule)最后的重写规则标志，如果匹配，不再执行以后的规则 

‘next|N' (next round)循环同一个规则，直到不能满足匹配 

‘chain|C' (chained with next rule)如果匹配该规则，则继续下面的有Chain标志的规则。 

‘type|T=MIME-type' (force MIME type)指定MIME类型 

‘nosubreq|NS' (used only if no internal sub-request)如果是内部子请求则跳过 

‘nocase|NC' (no case)忽略大小 

‘qsappend|QSA' (query string append)附加查询字符串 

‘noescape|NE' (no URI escaping of output)禁止URL中的字符自动转义成%[0-9]+的形式。 

‘passthrough|PT' (pass through to next handler)将重写结果运用于mod_alias 

'skip|S=num' (skip next rule(s))跳过下面几个规则 

‘env|E=VAR:VAL' (set environment variable)添加环境变量 

实战 

例子： 

RewriteEngine on 

RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^MSIE [NC,OR] 

RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Opera [NC] 

RewriteRule ^.* - [F,L] 这里”-”表示没有替换，浏览器为IE和Opera的访客将被禁止访问。 

例子： 

RewriteEngine On 

RewriteBase /test 

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}.php -f 

RewriteRule ([^/]+)$ /test/$1.php 

#for example: /test/admin => /test/admin.php 

RewriteRule ([^/]+)\.html$ /test/$1.php [L] 

#for example: /test/admin.html => /test/admin.php 

限制目录只能显示图片 

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c> 

RewriteEngine on 

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !^.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|swf)$ 

RewriteRule .*$ - [F,L] 

</IfModule>

谢谢关注websites博客!