使用SpringMVC创建Restfult风格应用
2014-02-11 21:37
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目的
本文介绍如何使用SpringMVC搭建Restful风格的应用。为更容易理解,以维护用户信息为例,说明如何实现restful的增删改查和列表功能。
简单起见,用户信息(User)包括:用户Id、email地址两个属性,其中用户Id是主键。
本文的示例工程代码可以从github上下载,地址:
http://github.com/hubin0011/research/tree/master/restful/springrest
环境和要求
本示例在以下环境中测试通过: OS:WindowsXP SP3JDK:1.6.0_26
Servlet:2.5
SpringMVC:3.2.3.RELEASE
Tomcat:6.0.33
MySql:5.6
Maven:3.0.3
crul:7.34.0-win32
用户资源的URI定义
用户资源操作 | 资源URI | 方法动词 | 参数 |
---|---|---|---|
创建用户 | /user | POST | 请求体中是JSON格式的User |
查询用户 | /user/{id} | GET | id:User的Id |
更新用户 | /user/{id} | PUT | id:User的Id,请求体中是JSON格式的User |
删除用户 | /user/{id} | DELETE | id:User的Id |
用户列表 | /user/list | GET | 无 |
创建工程
本节说明如何创建示例工程。创建工程命令
工程创建使用Maven,创建命令如下:mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=com.github.hubin0011 -DartifactId=rest-springmvc -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp
添加依赖
Maven工程创建成功后,在pom.xml中添加如下依赖:<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>3.2.3.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.2.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.25</version> </dependency>
工程配置
配置SpringMVC前端拦截器。在web.xml中加入下面配置:
<servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:web-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
配置SpringMVC的组件扫描。在web-servlet.xml中配置Spring的组件扫描:
<context:annotation-config /> <mvc:annotation-driven content-negotiation-manager="contentNegotiationManager"> </mvc:annotation-driven> <context:component-scan base-package="com.github.hubin0011" > </context:component-scan> <bean id="contentNegotiationManager" class="org.springframework.web.accept.ContentNegotiationManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="favorPathExtension" value="false" /> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean>
实现Restful
之前的章节完成了工程创建和配置,本节介绍具体Restful的实现。创建用户实体类
首先,先创建用户实体类。代码如下:package com.github.hubin0011.rest.spring.domain; public class User { private String id; private String email; public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } }
创建用户的Restful服务
创建用户、查询用户、更新用户、删除用户和用户列表的Restful服务的方法都在UserRestController类中实现。具体实现如下:package com.github.hubin0011.rest.spring.controller; import com.github.hubin0011.rest.spring.domain.User; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; @Controller @RequestMapping("user") public class UserRestController { private List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>(); @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST) @ResponseBody public HttpStatus create(@RequestBody User user){ users.add(user); return HttpStatus.CREATED; } @RequestMapping(value="{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public User get(@PathVariable("id")String id){ if(id == null) { return null; } for(User user : users){ if(user.getId().equals(id)){ return user; } } return null; } @RequestMapping(value="{id}",method = RequestMethod.PUT) @ResponseBody public HttpStatus update(@PathVariable("id")String id, @RequestBody User user){ for(User aUser : users){ if(aUser.getId().equals(id)){ aUser.setEmail(user.getEmail()); return HttpStatus.OK; } } return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST; } @RequestMapping(value="{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE) @ResponseBody public HttpStatus delete(@PathVariable("id")String id){ for(User aUser : users){ if(aUser.getId().equals(id)){ users.remove(aUser); return HttpStatus.OK; } } return HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST; } @RequestMapping(value="list",method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public List<User> list(){ return users; } }
测试Restful服务
首先部署应用到Tomcat中,并启动Tomcat。之后用curl工具测试restful服务。创建用户
在curl的bin目录下,执行测试命令和返回结果如下:curl.exe -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{\"id\":\"hubin0011\",\"email\":\"demo\"}" http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user "CREATED"
查询用户
在curl的bin目录下,执行测试命令和返回结果如下:curl.exe http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user/hubin0011 {"id":"hubin0011","email":"demo"}
更新用户
在curl的bin目录下,执行测试命令和返回结果如下:curl.exe -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{\"id\":\"hubin0011\",\"email\":\"demo1\"}" http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user/hubin0011 "OK" curl.exe http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user/hubin0011 {"id":"hubin0011","email":"demo1"}
删除用户
在curl的bin目录下,执行测试命令和返回结果如下:curl.exe -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user/hubin0011 "OK" curl.exe http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user/hubin0011
用户列表
在curl的bin目录下,执行测试命令和返回结果如下:curl.exe -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{\"id\":\"hubin0012\",\"email\":\"demo2\"}" http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user "CREATED" curl.exe -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{\"id\":\"hubin0013\",\"email\":\"demo3\"}" http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user "CREATED" curl.exe http://localhost:8080/rest-springmvc/user/list [{"id":"hubin0012","email":"demo2"},{"id":"hubin0013","email":"demo3"}]
示例代码下载
下载地址:http://github.com/hubin0011/research/tree/master/restful/springrest相关文章推荐
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