nginx 负载均衡

Nginx 负载均衡实践
一、安装源码包

下载安装 pcre-8.32.tar.gz
1. wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.32.tar.gz
2. tar zxvf pcre-8.32.tar.gz
3. cd pcre-8.32
4. ./configure (注：configure: error: You need a C++ compiler for C++ support. yum install -y gcc gcc-c++)
5. make && make install

下载安装nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/src

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.2.8

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.32 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
(注：./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library. yum install -y zlib-devel)

make

make install

注：--with-pcre 指定pcre的源码目录，如果要安装zlib的话也是这样，添加个--with-zlib，后面加个源码路径

二、nginx配置（nginx负载均衡的最简化模型）

worker_processes 1;

events {

worker_connections 1024;

}

http{

upstream myproject {

#这里指定多个源服务器，ip:端口,80端口的话可写可不写

server 192.168.43.158:80;

server 192.168.41.167;

}

server {

listen 8080;

location / {

proxy_pass http://myproject;
}

}

}

三、详细配置nginx
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

#运行用户

user nginx nginx;

#启动进程

worker_processes 2;

#全局错误日志及PID文件

error_log logs/error.log notice;

pid logs/nginx.pid;

#工作模式及每个进程连接数上限

events {

use epoll;

worker_connections 1024; #所以nginx支持的总连接数就等于worker_processes * worker_connections

}

#设定http服务器,利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持

http {

#设定mime类型

include mime.types; #这个是说nginx支持哪些多媒体类型，可以到conf/mime.types查看支持哪些多媒体

default_type application/octet-stream; #默认的数据类型

#设定日志格式

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '

'"$request" $status $bytes_sent '

'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '

'"$gzip_ratio"';

log_format download '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '

'"$request" $status $bytes_sent '

'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '

'"$http_range" "$sent_http_content_range"';

#设定请求缓冲

client_header_buffer_size 1k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;

#开启gzip模块

#gzip on;

#gzip_min_length 1100;

#gzip_buffers 4 8k;

#gzip_types text/plain;

#output_buffers 1 32k;

#postpone_output 1460;

#设定access log

access_log logs/access.log main;

client_header_timeout 3m;

client_body_timeout 3m;

send_timeout 3m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

tcp_nodelay on;

keepalive_timeout 65;

#设定负载均衡的服务器列表

upstream mysvr {

#weigth参数表示权值,权值越高被分配到的几率越大

server 192.168.207.129:80 weight=5;

server 192.168.207.130:8080 weight=5;

server 192.168.207.131:8080 weight=2;

}

server { #这个是设置web服务的，监听8080端口

listen 8080;

server_name 192.168.207.131;

index index.html index.htm;

root /var/www/html;

#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

#location = /50x.html {

# root html;

#}

}

#设定虚拟主机

server {

listen 80;

server_name 192.168.207.131;

#charset gb2312;

#设定本虚拟主机的访问日志

access_log logs/three.web.access.log main;

#如果访问 /img/*, /js/*, /css/* 资源,则直接取本地文件,不通过squid

#如果这些文件较多,不推荐这种方式,因为通过squid的缓存效果更好

#location ~ ^/(img|js|css)/{

# root /data3/Html;

# expires 24h;

#}

#对 "/" 启用负载均衡

location / {

proxy_pass http://mysvr; #以这种格式来使用后端的web服务器

proxy_redirect off;

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

client_max_body_size 10m;

client_body_buffer_size 128k;

proxy_connect_timeout 90;

proxy_send_timeout 90;

proxy_read_timeout 90;

proxy_buffer_size 4k;

proxy_buffers 4 32k;

proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;

proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

}

#设定查看Nginx状态的地址 ，在安装时要加上--with-http_stub_status_module参数

location /NginxStatus {

stub_status on;

access_log on;

auth_basic "NginxStatus";

auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd; #设置访问密码，htpasswd -bc filename username password

}

}

}

四、启动nginx及查看效果
useradd nginx
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx //启动

http://ip:port 多次访问可以查看效果（ie缓存会影响效果，必须清空缓存）
或者在linux 系统下使用elinks http://ip:port or curl http://ip:port
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