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HTTP协议/IIS 原理及ASP.NET运行机制浅析【图解】(3)

2014-01-14 10:40 459 查看

ASP.NET运行机制

在IIS6图示中我们分析到“ AppManagerAppDomainFactory 的 Create 方法为 Application 创建一个 Application Domain；通过 ISAPIRuntime 的 ProcessRequest 处理 Request，进而将流程进入到 ASP.NET Http Runtime Pipeline。”

下面我们来看一下AppDomain运行过程图示

AppDomain的作用,相信大家都很了解了吧.这里简明扼要的写几点:

一个AppDomain中的代码创建的对象不能由另一个AppDomain中的代码直接访问(只能使用按引用封送或者按值封送,起到了很好的隔离作用).

AppDomain可以卸载 CLR不支持从AppDomain中卸载一个程序集的能力,但可以告诉CLR卸载一个AppDomain,从而达到卸载当前包含在该AppDomain内的所有程序集.

AppDomain 可以单独保护当宿主加载一些代码之后,可以保证这些代码不会被破坏(或读取)宿主本身使用的一些重要的数据结构.

AppDomain可以单独配置设置主要影响CLR在AppDomain中加载程序集的方式,涉及搜索路径、版本绑定重定向、卷影复制及加载器的优化。

由以上几点可以看出AppDomain确保了Windows系统及其中运行的应用程序的健壮性。AppDomain提供了保护、配置和终止其中每一个应用程序所需的隔离性。

再来看下ProcessRequest的过程

简单分析一下上图

ProcessRequest(HttpWorkerRequest wr)中判断wr是否为null,然后判断管线是否完整,再调用ProcessRequestNoDemand(wr)方法,

并判断当前RequestQueue 是否为null,接着计算等待时间并更新管线数 CalculateWaitTimeAndUpdatePerfCounter(wr);

重置wr开始时间wr.ResetStartTime();调用ProcessRequestNow(wr)方法,并调用ProcessRequestInternal(wr)方法

继续图例

ProcessRequestInternal方法如下:

private void ProcessRequestInternal(HttpWorkerRequest wr)
{
HttpContext context;
try
{
context = new HttpContext(wr, false);//由HttpWorkerRequest生成HttpContext
}
catch
{

//常见的400错误,就是在这里捕捉到滴
wr.SendStatus(400, "Bad Request");
wr.SendKnownResponseHeader(12, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
byte[] bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("<html><body>Bad Request</body></html>");
wr.SendResponseFromMemory(bytes, bytes.Length);
wr.FlushResponse(true);
wr.EndOfRequest();
return;
}
wr.SetEndOfSendNotification(this._asyncEndOfSendCallback, context);
Interlocked.Increment(ref this._activeRequestCount);
HostingEnvironment.IncrementBusyCount();
try
{
try
{
this.EnsureFirstRequestInit(context);
}
catch
{
if (!context.Request.IsDebuggingRequest)
{
throw;
}
}
context.Response.InitResponseWriter();
IHttpHandler applicationInstance = HttpApplicationFactory.GetApplicationInstance(context);
//得到HttpApplication

if (applicationInstance == null)
{
throw new HttpException(System.Web.SR.GetString("Unable_create_app_object"));
}
if (EtwTrace.IsTraceEnabled(5, 1))
{
EtwTrace.Trace(EtwTraceType.ETW_TYPE_START_HANDLER, context.WorkerRequest, applicationInstance.GetType().FullName, "Start");
}
if (applicationInstance is IHttpAsyncHandler)
{
IHttpAsyncHandler handler2 = (IHttpAsyncHandler) applicationInstance;
context.AsyncAppHandler = handler2;
handler2.BeginProcessRequest(context, this._handlerCompletionCallback, context);//届时 HttpApplication处理请求
}
else
{
applicationInstance.ProcessRequest(context);
this.FinishRequest(context.WorkerRequest, context, null);
}
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
context.Response.InitResponseWriter();
this.FinishRequest(wr, context, exception);
}
}

再看下GetApplicationInstance(context) 实例化Application的方法

View Code
internal static IHttpHandler GetApplicationInstance(HttpContext context)
{
if (_customApplication != null)
{
return _customApplication;
}
if (context.Request.IsDebuggingRequest)
{
return new HttpDebugHandler();
}
_theApplicationFactory.EnsureInited();
_theApplicationFactory.EnsureAppStartCalled(context);
return _theApplicationFactory.GetNormalApplicationInstance(context);
}

最后调用的GetNormalApplicationInstance方法中对当前空闲的application数目进行判断,调用

application.InitInternal(context, this._state, this._eventHandlerMethods)方法,

this.InitModules()初始化所有的Modules，包含用户自定义的HttpModules

this._stepManager.BuildSteps(this._resumeStepsWaitCallback);//管道事件序列

贴一下源码:

internal override void BuildSteps(WaitCallback stepCallback)
{
ArrayList steps = new ArrayList();
HttpApplication app = base._application;
bool flag = false;
UrlMappingsSection urlMappings = RuntimeConfig.GetConfig().UrlMappings;
flag = urlMappings.IsEnabled && (urlMappings.UrlMappings.Count > 0);
steps.Add(new HttpApplication.ValidatePathExecutionStep(app));
if (flag)
{
steps.Add(new HttpApplication.UrlMappingsExecutionStep(app));
}
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventBeginRequest, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventAuthenticateRequest, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventDefaultAuthentication, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostAuthenticateRequest, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventAuthorizeRequest, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostAuthorizeRequest, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventResolveRequestCache, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostResolveRequestCache, steps);
steps.Add(new HttpApplication.MapHandlerExecutionStep(app));
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostMapRequestHandler, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventAcquireRequestState, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostAcquireRequestState, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPreRequestHandlerExecute, steps);
steps.Add(new HttpApplication.CallHandlerExecutionStep(app));
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostRequestHandlerExecute, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventReleaseRequestState, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostReleaseRequestState, steps);
steps.Add(new HttpApplication.CallFilterExecutionStep(app));
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventUpdateRequestCache, steps);
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostUpdateRequestCache, steps);
this._endRequestStepIndex = steps.Count;
app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventEndRequest, steps);
steps.Add(new HttpApplication.NoopExecutionStep());
this._execSteps = new HttpApplication.IExecutionStep[steps.Count];
steps.CopyTo(this._execSteps);
this._resumeStepsWaitCallback = stepCallback;
}

到这里想必能够使大家对ASP.NET管道机制能够有一个简单的回顾.当然还有很多地方没有详细分析。

再来总结一下IIS运行过程及ASP.NET管道机制:

Request→ (Internet ) HTTP.sys 监听 → WAS (IIS6 web Admin Service /IIS7 (Windows Activation Service) 接收请求

→(传入)Application Pool's → w3wp.exe(检查URL后缀)

→(加载)ISAPI扩展[aspnet_isapi.dll] → 注册映射

构造HttpRuntime类 →ProcessRequest方法

HttpContext实例产生(Request,Response,Session and so on…)

HttpRuntime 调用 HttpApplicationFactory加载HttpApplication对象

穿越HttpModule到达HttpHandler

简单用140个字符(即一条微博的字数

)概括:

Request→ (Internet ) HTTP.sys →(WAS)→Application Pool's → w3wp.exe→ISAPI→ Map→ (Pipeline)HttpWorkerRequest→AppDomain→HttpRuntime→ProcessRequest()→ HttpContext(Request,Response)→ HttpRuntime→HttpApplicationFactory→HttpApplication→ HttpModule→HttpHandler→EndRequest

以上为个人学习摘要，如有错误，欢迎指正！！

补充

1:刚刚看到dudu发的一个闪存,里面提到了Application pool 与 AppDomain 的区别来自stackoverflow,希望对大家有所帮助.

2:WAS缩写在IIS6中的指的是(Web Admin Service),在IIS7中指的是(Windows Activation Service) 缩写一样.这个在写文章的时候注意到过,但是没有深入考虑. 理解不是很到位. 暂不妄下断言. 欢迎斧正!! :-)

参考资料:

/article/4779572.html

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.web.httpapplication(v=vs.80).aspx

/article/5159763.html

后续

由于一些个人原因,放弃了原本在无锡相对安逸的工作,踏上了北漂之路,也希望在大环境下能够得到更多的锻炼与打磨.

当然,最近也正在找工作,如果您有合适的职位,烦请介绍一下,感谢之至!!

如果你觉得本文对您有所帮助,请点击一下推荐,感谢您的阅读!!

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/wenthink/archive/2013/05/06/3058989.html

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