ubunut 安装nginx基本目录结构介绍和配置使用方法

安装，注意是nginx不是ngnix。否则会安装失败。

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root@coder-671T-M:/soft_my# apt-get install nginx

正在读取软件包列表... 完成

正在分析软件包的依赖关系树

正在读取状态信息... 完成

将会安装下列额外的软件包：

nginx-common nginx-full

下列【新】软件包将被安装：

nginx nginx-common nginx-full

升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 3 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 184 个软件包未被升级。

需要下载 379 kB 的软件包。

解压缩后会消耗掉 1,180 kB 的额外空间。

您希望继续执行吗？[Y/n]Y

获取：1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/universe nginx-common all 1.0.5-1 [14.6 kB]

获取：2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/universe nginx-full i386 1.0.5-1 [359 kB]

获取：3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ oneiric/universe nginx all 1.0.5-1 [5,616 B]

下载 379 kB，耗时 6秒 (61.9 kB/s)

选中了曾被取消选择的软件包 nginx-common。

(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 244027 个文件和目录。)

正在解压缩 nginx-common (从 .../nginx-common_1.0.5-1_all.deb) ...

选中了曾被取消选择的软件包 nginx-full。

正在解压缩 nginx-full (从 .../nginx-full_1.0.5-1_i386.deb) ...

选中了曾被取消选择的软件包 nginx。

正在解压缩 nginx (从 .../archives/nginx_1.0.5-1_all.deb) ...

正在处理用于 ufw 的触发器...

正在处理用于 ureadahead 的触发器...

ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot

正在处理用于 man-db 的触发器...

正在设置 nginx-common (1.0.5-1) ...

正在设置 nginx-full (1.0.5-1) ...

正在设置 nginx (1.0.5-1) ...

nginx的目录存放位置：

配置文件目录 /etc/nginx

网站资源文件存放位置/usr/share/nginx



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root@coder-671T-M:~# cd /etc/nginx/

root@coder-671T-M:/etc/nginx# ll

总用量 64

drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 2011-11-29 11:41 ./

drwxr-xr-x 172 root root 12288 2011-11-29 11:41 ../

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-07-27 23:37 conf.d/

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 867 2011-03-23 12:20 fastcgi_params

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2258 2010-12-02 14:19 koi-utf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1805 2010-12-02 14:19 koi-win

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2059 2011-02-22 15:49 mime.types

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1340 2010-12-02 14:19 nginx.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 131 2011-05-02 13:25 proxy_params

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 465 2010-12-02 14:19 scgi_params

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-11-29 11:41 sites-available/

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2011-11-29 11:41 sites-enabled/

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 497 2010-12-02 14:19 uwsgi_params

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3071 2010-12-02 14:19 win-utf

root@coder-671T-M:/etc/nginx# tree

.

├── conf.d

├── fastcgi_params

├── koi-utf

├── koi-win

├── mime.types

├── nginx.conf

├── proxy_params

├── scgi_params

├── sites-available

│ └── default

├── sites-enabled

│ └── default -> /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

├── uwsgi_params

└── win-utf

3 directories, 11 files

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root@coder-671T-M:/usr/share/nginx# tree

.

└── www

├── 50x.html

└── index.html

1 directory, 2 files

root@coder-671T-M:/usr/share/nginx#

nginx修改端口

默认的是80，修改成7888

ubuntu的配置文件分成三部分：

/etc/nginx根目录存放公共的配置

在sites_available和sites_enabled配置站点相关的信息例如域名端口等等。所以修改默认的sites_available／default文件如下

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# You may add here your

# server {

# ...

# }

# statements for each of your virtual hosts to this file

##

# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding

# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.

# http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls
# http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart
# http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
#

# Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean

# file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.

#

# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.

##

server {

<strong>listen 7888; </strong>## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied

#listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6

root /usr/share/nginx/www;

index index.html index.htm;

# Make site accessible from http://localhost/
server_name localhost;

location / {

# First attempt to serve request as file, then

# as directory, then fall back to index.html

try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;

}

location /doc {

root /usr/share;

autoindex on;

allow 127.0.0.1;

deny all;

}

location /images {

root /usr/share;

autoindex off;

}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

#

#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

#location = /50x.html {

# root /usr/share/nginx/www;

#}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

#

#location ~ \.php$ {

# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

#

#location ~ \.php$ {

# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

# fastcgi_index index.php;

# include fastcgi_params;

#}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

# concurs with nginx's one

#

#location ~ /\.ht {

# deny all;

#}

}

# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration

#

#server {

# listen 8000;

# listen somename:8080;

# server_name somename alias another.alias;

# root html;

# index index.html index.htm;

#

# location / {

# try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;

# }

#}

# HTTPS server

#

#server {

# listen 443;

# server_name localhost;

#

# root html;

# index index.html index.htm;

#

# ssl on;

# ssl_certificate cert.pem;

# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;

#

# ssl_session_timeout 5m;

#

# ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1;

# ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv3:+EXP;

# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

#

# location / {

# try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;

# }

#}

这样默认的端口就修改成7888了

nginx的服务器启动，重启，停止

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root@coder-671T-M:/etc/nginx/sites-available# /etc/init.d/nginx start

Starting nginx: nginx.

root@coder-671T-M:/etc/nginx/sites-available# /etc/init.d/nginx start

Starting nginx: nginx.

root@coder-671T-M:/etc/nginx/sites-available# /etc/init.d/nginx stop

Stopping nginx: nginx.

root@coder-671T-M:/etc/nginx/sites-available# /etc/init.d/nginx restart

Restarting nginx: nginx.

查看端口情况

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root@coder-671T-M:/etc/nginx/sites-available# lsof -i:7888

COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

nginx 6029 root 6u IPv4 89046 0t0 TCP *:7888 (LISTEN)

nginx 6030 www-data 6u IPv4 89046 0t0 TCP *:7888 (LISTEN)

nginx 6031 www-data 6u IPv4 89046 0t0 TCP *:7888 (LISTEN)

nginx 6032 www-data 6u IPv4 89046 0t0 TCP *:7888 (LISTEN)

nginx 6033 www-data 6u IPv4 89046 0t0 TCP *:7888 (LISTEN)

root@coder-671T-M:/etc/nginx/sites-available# netstat -anpl | grep 7888

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:7888 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6029/nginx

root@coder-671T-M:/etc/nginx/sites-available#