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前端开发者进阶之ECMAScript新特性【一】--Object.create

2013-11-25 10:13 513 查看
Object.create(prototype, descriptors) :创建一个具有指定原型且可选择性地包含指定属性的对象

参数:
prototype 必需。 要用作原型的对象。 可以为 null。
descriptors 可选。 包含一个或多个属性描述符的 JavaScript 对象。
“数据属性”是可获取且可设置值的属性。 数据属性描述符包含 value 特性,以及 writable、enumerable 和 configurable 特性。

如果未指定最后三个特性,则它们默认为 false。 只要检索或设置该值,“访问器属性”就会调用用户提供的函数。 访问器属性描述符包含 set 特性和/或 get 特性。

var pt = {
say : function(){
console.log('saying!');
}
}

var o = Object.create(pt);

console.log('say' in o); // true
console.log(o.hasOwnProperty('say')); // false


如果prototype传入的是null,创建一个没有原型链的空对象。

var o1 = Object.create(null);
console.dir(o1); // object[ No Properties ]


当然,可以创建没有原型链的但带descriptors的对象;

var o2 = Object.create(null, {
size: {
value: "large",
enumerable: true
},
shape: {
value: "round",
enumerable: true
}
});

console.log(o2.size);    // large
console.log(o2.shape);     // round
console.log(Object.getPrototypeOf(o2));     // null


也可以创建带属性带原型链的对象:

var pt = {
say : function(){
console.log('saying!');
}
}

var o3 = Object.create(pt, {
size: {
value: "large",
enumerable: true
},
shape: {
value: "round",
enumerable: true
}
});

console.log(o3.size);    // large
console.log(o3.shape);     // round
console.log(Object.getPrototypeOf(o3));     // {say:...}


最重要的是实现继承,看下面实例:

//Shape - superclass
function Shape() {
this.x = 0;
this.y = 0;
}

Shape.prototype.move = function(x, y) {
this.x += x;
this.y += y;
console.info("Shape moved.");
};

// Rectangle - subclass
function Rectangle() {
Shape.call(this); //call super constructor.
}

Rectangle.prototype = Object.create(Shape.prototype);

var rect = new Rectangle();

console.log(rect instanceof Rectangle); //true.
console.log(rect instanceof Shape); //true.

rect.move(); //"Shape moved."


不支持浏览器的兼容实现:

1、简单实现,也是最常见的实现方式,没有实现第二个参数的功能:

if (!Object.create) {
Object.create = function (o) {
if (arguments.length > 1) {
throw new Error('Object.create implementation only accepts the first parameter.');
}
function F() {}
F.prototype = o;
return new F();
};
}


2、复杂实现,实现第二个参数的大部分功能:

if (!Object.create) {

// Contributed by Brandon Benvie, October, 2012
var createEmpty;
var supportsProto = Object.prototype.__proto__ === null;
if (supportsProto || typeof document == 'undefined') {
createEmpty = function () {
return { "__proto__": null };
};
} else {
createEmpty = function () {
var iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
var parent = document.body || document.documentElement;
iframe.style.display = 'none';
parent.appendChild(iframe);
iframe.src = 'javascript:';
var empty = iframe.contentWindow.Object.prototype;
parent.removeChild(iframe);
iframe = null;
delete empty.constructor;
delete empty.hasOwnProperty;
delete empty.propertyIsEnumerable;
delete empty.isPrototypeOf;
delete empty.toLocaleString;
delete empty.toString;
delete empty.valueOf;
empty.__proto__ = null;

function Empty() {}
Empty.prototype = empty;
// short-circuit future calls
createEmpty = function () {
return new Empty();
};
return new Empty();
};
}

Object.create = function create(prototype, properties) {

var object;
function Type() {}  // An empty constructor.

if (prototype === null) {
object = createEmpty();
} else {
if (typeof prototype !== "object" && typeof prototype !== "function") {

throw new TypeError("Object prototype may only be an Object or null"); // same msg as Chrome
}
Type.prototype = prototype;
object = new Type();

object.__proto__ = prototype;
}

if (properties !== void 0) {
Object.defineProperties(object, properties);
}

return object;
};
}


参考:

https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/create

https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty

https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperties

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/create

https://github.com/kriskowal/es5-shim/blob/master/es5-sham.js
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