SQL Server 批量插入数据的两种方法

在SQL Server 中插入一条数据使用Insert语句，但是如果想要批量插入一堆数据的话，循环使用Insert不仅效率低，而且会导致SQL一系统性能问题。下面介绍SQL Server支持的两种批量数据插入方法：Bulk和表值参数(Table-Valued Parameters)。运行下面的脚本，建立测试数据库和表值参数。

[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?--Create DataBase
create database BulkTestDB;
go
use BulkTestDB;
go
--Create Table
Create table BulkTestTable(
Id int primary key,
UserName nvarchar(32),
Pwd varchar(16))
go
--Create Table Valued
CREATE TYPE BulkUdt AS TABLE
(Id int,
UserName nvarchar(32),
Pwd varchar(16))

[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();

SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);//连接数据库

SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand();
sqlComm.CommandText = string.Format("insert into BulkTestTable(Id,UserName,Pwd)values(@p0,@p1,@p2)");//参数化SQL
sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p0", SqlDbType.Int);
sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p1", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p2", SqlDbType.VarChar);
sqlComm.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
sqlComm.Connection = sqlConn;
sqlConn.Open();
try
{
//循环插入100万条数据，每次插入10万条，插入10次。
for (int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++)
{
for (int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++)
{

sqlComm.Parameters["@p0"].Value = count;
sqlComm.Parameters["@p1"].Value = string.Format("User-{0}", count * multiply);
sqlComm.Parameters["@p2"].Value = string.Format("Pwd-{0}", count * multiply);
sw.Start();
sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
sw.Stop();
}
//每插入10万条数据后，显示此次插入所用时间
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
sqlConn.Close();
}

Console.ReadLine();
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();

SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);//连接数据库

SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand();
sqlComm.CommandText = string.Format("insert into BulkTestTable(Id,UserName,Pwd)values(@p0,@p1,@p2)");//参数化SQL
sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p0", SqlDbType.Int);
sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p1", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p2", SqlDbType.VarChar);
sqlComm.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
sqlComm.Connection = sqlConn;
sqlConn.Open();
try
{
//循环插入100万条数据，每次插入10万条，插入10次。
for (int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++)
{
for (int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++)
{

sqlComm.Parameters["@p0"].Value = count;
sqlComm.Parameters["@p1"].Value = string.Format("User-{0}", count * multiply);
sqlComm.Parameters["@p2"].Value = string.Format("Pwd-{0}", count * multiply);
sw.Start();
sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
sw.Stop();
}
//每插入10万条数据后，显示此次插入所用时间
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
sqlConn.Close();
}

Console.ReadLine();

耗时图如下：



由于运行过慢，才插入10万条就耗时72390 milliseconds，所以我就手动强行停止了。

下面看一下使用Bulk插入的情况：

bulk方法主要思想是通过在客户端把数据都缓存在Table中，然后利用SqlBulkCopy一次性把Table中的数据插入到数据库

代码如下：

[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?public static void BulkToDB(DataTable dt)
{
SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);
SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(sqlConn);
bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = "BulkTestTable";
bulkCopy.BatchSize = dt.Rows.Count;

try
{
sqlConn.Open();
if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count != 0)
bulkCopy.WriteToServer(dt);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
sqlConn.Close();
if (bulkCopy != null)
bulkCopy.Close();
}
}

public static DataTable GetTableSchema()
{
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[]{
new DataColumn("Id",typeof(int)),
new DataColumn("UserName",typeof(string)),
new DataColumn("Pwd",typeof(string))});

return dt;
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
for (int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++)
{
DataTable dt = Bulk.GetTableSchema();
for (int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++)
{
DataRow r = dt.NewRow();
r[0] = count;
r[1] = string.Format("User-{0}", count * multiply);
r[2] = string.Format("Pwd-{0}", count * multiply);
dt.Rows.Add(r);
}
sw.Start();
Bulk.BulkToDB(dt);
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds));
}

Console.ReadLine();
}

[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?public static void TableValuedToDB(DataTable dt)
{
SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);
const string TSqlStatement =
"insert into BulkTestTable (Id,UserName,Pwd)" +
" SELECT nc.Id, nc.UserName,nc.Pwd" +
" FROM @NewBulkTestTvp AS nc";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(TSqlStatement, sqlConn);
SqlParameter catParam = cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@NewBulkTestTvp", dt);
catParam.SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Structured;
//表值参数的名字叫BulkUdt，在上面的建立测试环境的SQL中有。
catParam.TypeName = "dbo.BulkUdt";
try
{
sqlConn.Open();
if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count != 0)
{
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
sqlConn.Close();
}
}

public static DataTable GetTableSchema()
{
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[]{
new DataColumn("Id",typeof(int)),
new DataColumn("UserName",typeof(string)),
new DataColumn("Pwd",typeof(string))});

return dt;
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
for (int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++)
{
DataTable dt = TableValued.GetTableSchema();
for (int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++)
{
DataRow r = dt.NewRow();
r[0] = count;
r[1] = string.Format("User-{0}", count * multiply);
r[2] = string.Format("Pwd-{0}", count * multiply);
dt.Rows.Add(r);
}
sw.Start();
TableValued.TableValuedToDB(dt);
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds));
}

Console.ReadLine();
}
public static void TableValuedToDB(DataTable dt)
{
SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);
const string TSqlStatement =
"insert into BulkTestTable (Id,UserName,Pwd)" +
" SELECT nc.Id, nc.UserName,nc.Pwd" +
" FROM @NewBulkTestTvp AS nc";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(TSqlStatement, sqlConn);
SqlParameter catParam = cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@NewBulkTestTvp", dt);
catParam.SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Structured;
//表值参数的名字叫BulkUdt，在上面的建立测试环境的SQL中有。
catParam.TypeName = "dbo.BulkUdt";
try
{
sqlConn.Open();
if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count != 0)
{
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
finally
{
sqlConn.Close();
}
}

public static DataTable GetTableSchema()
{
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[]{
new DataColumn("Id",typeof(int)),
new DataColumn("UserName",typeof(string)),
new DataColumn("Pwd",typeof(string))});

return dt;
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
for (int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++)
{
DataTable dt = TableValued.GetTableSchema();
for (int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++)
{
DataRow r = dt.NewRow();
r[0] = count;
r[1] = string.Format("User-{0}", count * multiply);
r[2] = string.Format("Pwd-{0}", count * multiply);
dt.Rows.Add(r);
}
sw.Start();
TableValued.TableValuedToDB(dt);
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds));
}

Console.ReadLine();
}

耗时图如下：



比Bulk还快5秒。