通过shell脚本实现自动化安装LINUX

1案例描述

某公司内部需要对大批量服务器进行安装centos操作系统人工进行一台一台安装费时又费力而且效率很低因此搭建一台PXE服务器显得十分重要通过搭建PXE服务器可以给所有需要安装系统的服务器进行快速安装而无需人工干预方便又快捷。但是如何进行快速有效的搭建一台PXE服务器呢我们可以通过编写一个Shell脚本进行快速搭建PXE平台。

2案例分析

搭建此PXE服务器需要能实现centos6.0X86_64、centos5.5i386以及centos5.5X86_64三种系统的选择安装用户可以选择自动化安装或者手动安装。所以作为PXE平台的服务器要求有centos6.0的kicstart文件、centos5.5X86_64的kickstart和centos5.5i386的kickstart文件这三个文件可以先在相应的系统下生成以及相应的镜像文件都要预先传送到被用来搭建成一台PXE服务器的主机上。

3解决过程

3.1首先服务器上必须要有安装各种类型的系统的镜像文件可以将这些镜像文件放在/opt目录下
[root@sswans20opt]#llC*
-rw-r--r--.1rootroot4185118720Mar1616:48CentOS-5.5-i386-bin-DVD.iso
-rw-r--r--.1rootroot4185118720Mar1616:48CentOS-5.5-x86_64-bin-DVD.iso
-rw-r--r--.1rootroot4238800896Mar1616:29CentOS-6.0-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
3.2将相应的ks.cfg文件也放在/opt目录下面
[root@sswans20opt]#llks*
-rwxrwxrwx.1rootroot1252Mar1617:02ks5.5-32.cfg#Centos5.5i386生成的kickstart文件
-rwxrwxrwx.1rootroot1256Mar1616:50ks5.5-64.cfg#Centos5.5X86_64生成的kickstart文件
-rwxrwxrwx.1rootroot1068Mar1617:02ks6.0-64.cfg#Centos6.0X86_64生成的kickstart文件
3.3自动化搭建PXE服务器的shell脚本内容如下
[root@sswans20opt]#vimauto_install.sh
#!/bin/bash####################################################################################################Thisshellfilecanautoinstallcentos6.0andinstallcentos5.5#################################################CloseiptablesandSELINUX############################setenforce0echo"#ThisfilecontrolsthestateofSELinuxonthesystem.#SELINUX=cantakeoneofthesethreevalues:#enforcing-SELinuxsecuritypolicyisenforced.#permissive-SELinuxprintswarningsinsteadofenforcing.#disabled-NoSELinuxpolicyisloaded.SELINUX=permissive#SELINUXTYPE=cantakeoneofthesetwovalues:#targeted-Targetedprocessesareprotected,#mls-MultiLevelSecurityprotection.SELINUXTYPE=targeted">/etc/sysconfig/selinuxiptables-F/etc/init.d/iptablessave>>/dev/null##################################AutoMount######################################mkdir-p/var/ftp/centos/5.5/i386/dvdmkdir-p/var/ftp/centos/5.5/x86_64/dvdmkdir-p/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvdmkdir-p/var/ftp/centos/ksecho"/opt/CentOS-5.5-i386-bin-DVD.iso/var/ftp/centos/5.5/i386/dvdiso9660defaults,loop,ro00">>/etc/fstabecho"/opt/CentOS-5.5-x86_64-bin-DVD.iso/var/ftp/centos/5.5/x86_64/dvdiso9660defaults,loop,ro00">>/etc/fstabecho"/opt/CentOS-6.0-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvdiso9660defaults,loop,ro00">>/etc/fstabmount-a################################Installsomepackages################################yuminstalldhcpvsftpdsyslinuxtftp-server-y>>/dev/nullservicevsftpdstart>>/dev/null##############################ConfigureDHCPService################################echo'#dhcpd.conf#SampleconfigurationfileforISCdhcpd#optiondefinitionscommontoallsupportednetworks...default-lease-time600;max-lease-time7200;allowbooting;allowbootp;subnet172.25.0.0netmask255.255.0.0{#需分配的网络段以及子网掩码range172.25.11.10172.25.11.30;#给主机分配的IP地址范围optiondomain-name-servers172.25.11.20;#DNS服务器地址optionrouters172.25.11.20;#路由器地址optionbroadcast-address172.25.255.255;#广播地址next-server172.25.11.20;#TFTP服务器的地址filename"pxelinux.0";}'>/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.confservicedhcpdstart>>/dev/null############################ConfigureTFTPService################################echo"#default:off#description:Thetftpserverservesfilesusingthetrivialfiletransfer\#protocol.Thetftpprotocolisoftenusedtobootdiskless\#workstations,downloadconfigurationfilestonetwork-awareprinters,\#andtostarttheinstallationprocessforsomeoperatingsystems.servicetftp{socket_type=dgramprotocol=udpwait=yesuser=rootserver=/usr/sbin/in.tftpdserver_args=-unobody-s/var/lib/tftpbootdisable=noper_source=11cps=1002flags=IPv4}">/etc/xinetd.d/tftpservicexinetdstart>>/dev/nullDIR1=/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfgif[-d$DIR1];thenrm-rf$DIRelsemkdir-p/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfgfi########################cpsomefilesto/var/lib/tftpboot################################cp/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0/var/lib/tftpboot/mkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/centos6.0_x86_64cp/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvd/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz/var/lib/tftpboot/centos6.0_x86_64cp/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvd/images/pxeboot/initrd.img/var/lib/tftpboot/centos6.0_x86_64cp/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvd/isolinux/boot.msg/var/lib/tftpboot/cp/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvd/isolinux/vesamenu.c32/var/lib/tftpboot/cp/var/ftp/centos/6.0/x86_64/dvd/isolinux/splash.jpg/var/lib/tftpboot/#######################Addanewcentos5i386system#################################mkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5_i386cp/var/ftp/centos/5.5/i386/dvd/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5_i386cp/var/ftp/centos/5.5/i386/dvd/images/pxeboot/initrd.img/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5_i386#######################Addanewcentos5x86_64system##############################mkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5_x86_64cp/var/ftp/centos/5.5/x86_64/dvd/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5_i386cp/var/ftp/centos/5.5/x86_64/dvd/images/pxeboot/initrd.img/var/lib/tftpboot/centos5.5_i386##########################Configurethedefaultfile####################################echo"defaultvesamenu.c32timeout600displayboot.msgmenubackgroundsplash.jpgmenutitleWelcometoKEDACOMInstallCentOS!menucolorborder0#ffffffff#00000000menucolorsel7#ffffffff#ff000000menucolortitle0#ffffffff#00000000menucolortabmsg0#ffffffff#00000000menucolorunsel0#ffffffff#00000000menucolorhotsel0#ff000000#ffffffffmenucolorhotkey7#ffffffff#ff000000menucolorscrollbar0#ffffffff#00000000labelCentOS6.0_x86_64menulabelCentOS6.0X86_84installwithkickstartmenudefaultkernelcentos6.0_x86_64/vmlinuzappendinitrd=centos6.0_x86_64/initrd.imgks=ftp://172.25.11.20/centos/ks/ks6.0-64.cfgtextksdevice=eth0labelCentOS5.5_i386menulabelCentOS5.5i386installwithkickstartkernelcentos5.5_i386/vmlinuzappendinitrd=centos5.5_i386/initrd.imgks=ftp://172.25.11.20/centos/ks/ks5.5-32.cfgtextksdevice=eth0labelCentOS5.5_x86_64menulabelCentOS5.5X86_64installwithkickstartkernelcentos5.5_x86_64/vmlinuzappendinitrd=centos5.5_x86_64/initrd.imgks=ftp://172.25.11.20/centos/ks/ks5.5-64.cfgtextksdevice=eth0labelCentOS6.0-x86_64menulabelShoudonginstallCentOS6.0X86_84kernelcentos6.0_x86_64/vmlinuzappendinitrd=centos6.0_x86_64/initrd.imglabelCentOS5.5-i386menulabelShoudonginstallCentOS5.5i386kernelcentos5.5_i386/vmlinuzappendinitrd=centos5.5_i386/initrd.imglabelCentOS5.5-x86_64menulabelShoudonginstallCentOS5.5X86_64kernelcentos5.5_x86_64/vmlinuzappendinitrd=centos5.5_x86_64/initrd.img">/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default############################ConfigureKickstart####################################mv/opt/ks5.5-32.cfg/var/ftp/centos/kschmod777/var/ftp/centos/ks/ks5.5-32.cfgmv/opt/ks5.5-64.cfg/var/ftp/centos/kschmod777/var/ftp/centos/ks/ks5.5-64.cfgmv/opt/ks6.0-64.cfg/var/ftp/centos/kschmod777/var/ftp/centos/ks/ks6.0-64.cfg############################ALLServiceRestart#####################################forFWindhcpdxinetdvsftpddoservice$FWrestartchkconfig$FWondone3.4用户对编写好的自动化脚本进行赋予可执行的权限这样脚本才能执行
[root@sswans20~]#chmod777auto_install.sh
[root@sswans20~]#llauto_install.sh
-rwxrwxrwx.1rootroot5236Mar1616:52auto_install.sh

特别说明
由于我的DHCP服务器、FTP服务器、TFTP服务器、DNS服务器的地址都是172.25.11.20所以在本脚本执行前根据你的实际环境需要做如下修改、分别打开每个ks文件查看url--url=ftp://172.25.11.20/是否跟你的FTP服务器地址一致不一致要修改、确保此的脚本中红色标记的IP地址一定是你的FTP服务器、TFTP服务器地址、脚本中蓝色标记的IP地址可改可不改根据你的实际情况需要自行决定3.5以上无误后执行此脚本文件
[root@sswans20~]#./auto_install.sh#执行后需要等待一段时间
Shuttingdowndhcpd:[OK]
Startingdhcpd:[OK]
Stoppingxinetd:[OK]
Startingxinetd:[OK]
Shuttingdownvsftpd:[OK]
Startingvsftpdforvsftpd:[OK]
3.6验证PXE服务器是否搭建成功通过给另一台服务器安装系统来求证



由于服务器上我没有上传centos5.5x86_64位系统镜像文件所以只能看到四个安装选项。
我选择centos5.5i386自动安装的过程截图如下

4解决结果

通过此安装界面用户使用上下键选择安装用户需要使用的系统类型选择后按回车键系统开始自动化安装过程不选的话60s后默认选择第一项安装。

5总结

自动化搭建PXE服务器关键在于shell脚本的编写这要求编写者对shell语法的熟悉以及一定的逻辑思维能力。通过此脚本给那些对PXE搭建还不太清楚的朋友们提供了傻瓜式安装。感兴趣的朋友可以对脚本内容进行详细分析与阅读。有疑问的地方可以发微博咨询我谢谢