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C# 使用XmlDocument类对XML文档进行操作

2013-09-23 17:39 786 查看
原创地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/jfzhu/archive/2012/11/19/2778098.html

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W3C制定了XML DOM标准。很多编程语言中多提供了支持W3C XML DOM标准的API。我在之前的文章中介绍过如何使用Javascript对XML文档进行加载与查询。在本文中,我来介绍一下.Net中的XmlDocument类。它支持并扩展了W3C XML DOM标准。它将整个XML文档都先装载进内存中,然后再对XML文档进行操作,所以如果XML文档内容过大,不建议使用XmlDocument类,因为会消耗过多内存。对于很大的XML文档,可以使用XmlReader类来读取。因为XmlReader使用Steam(流)来读取文件,所以不会对内存造成太大的消耗。下面就来看一下如何使用XmlDocument类。

(一) 加载

加载XML比较常用的有三种方法:

public virtual void Load(string filename);

public virtual void Load(Stream inStream);

public virtual void LoadXml(string xml);


下面代码演示如何使用它们:



XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
xmlDoc.Load("XMLFile1.xml");

Entity retrievedAnnotation = _orgService.Retrieve("annotation"
, new Guid("C1B13C7F-F430-E211-8FA1-984BE1731399"), new ColumnSet(true));
byte[] fileContent = Convert.FromBase64String(retrievedAnnotation["documentbody"].ToString());
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(fileContent);
XmlDocument xmlDoc2 = new XmlDocument();
xmlDoc2.Load(ms);

string str = @"<Customers><Customer id='01' city='Beijing' country='China' name='Lenovo'/></Customers>";
XmlDocument xmlDoc3 = new XmlDocument();
xmlDoc3.LoadXml(str);




(二) 查询

对XML的元素、属性、文本的查询可以使用XPath。具体的定义可以参看w3school。

首先应该了解一下XPath表达式:

表达式描述
nodename选取此节点的所有子节点。
/从根节点选取。
//从匹配选择的当前节点选择文档中的节点,而不考虑它们的位置。
.选取当前节点。
..选取当前节点的父节点。
@选取属性。
我们主要使用两个方法来查询XML文档,SelectNodes(xpath expression)和SelectSingleNode(xpath expression)。

SelectNodes返回一个XmlNodeList对象,也就是所有符合xpath表达式的xml节点都将会被返回,你需要对返回的结果进行遍历。

SelectSingleNode只返回第一个符合xpath表达式的节点,或者返回null。

以下面的XML文件为例,我们进行一些演示:



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<Customers>
<Customer id="01" city="Beijing" country="China" name="Lenovo">
<Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact>
</Customer>
<Customer id="02" city="Amsterdam" country="The Netherlands" name="Shell">
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact>
<Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact>
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact>
</Customer>
</Customers>




1. 返回所有Contact节点:

XmlNodeList nodelist = xmlDoc.SelectNodes("/Customers/Customer/Contact");
foreach (XmlNode node in nodelist)
{
Console.WriteLine(node.OuterXml);
}


输出结果为:

<Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact>
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact>
<Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact>
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact>

2. 返回id为02的customer:

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[@id='02']");
Console.WriteLine(node.OuterXml);


输出结果为:

<Customer id="02" city="Amsterdam" country="The Netherlands" name="Shell">
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact>
<Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact>
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact>
</Customer>

3. 返回含有contact名为Li Li的contact:

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer/Contact[text()='Li Li']");
Console.WriteLine(node.OuterXml);


输出结果:

<Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact>

4. 返回含有contact名为 Li Li 的customer。注意和3的区别:

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[Contact/text()='Li Li']");
Console.WriteLine(node.OuterXml);


输出结果:

<Customer id="01" city="Beijing" country="China" name="Lenovo">
<Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact>
</Customer>

5. (1) 获取outer xml:
XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[@id='02']");
Console.WriteLine(node.OuterXml);

(2) 获取 inner xml:
XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[@id='02']");
Console.WriteLine(node.InnerXml);

(3) 获取 text
XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer/Contact[text()='Li Li']");
Console.WriteLine(node.InnerText);

(4) 获取属性
XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer/Contact[text()='Li Li']");
Console.WriteLine(node.Attributes["gender"].Value);

(三) 创建

以创建以下XML文档为例:



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Customers>
<Customer id="01" name="Lenovo" country="China" city="Beijing">
<Contact title="Support" gender="female">Li Li</Contact>
</Customer>
</Customers>






var xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
//Create the xml declaration first
xmlDoc.AppendChild(xmlDoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null));

//Create the root node and append into doc
var el = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Customers");
xmlDoc.AppendChild(el);

// Customer Lenovo
XmlElement elementCustomer = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Customer");

XmlAttribute attrID = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("id");
attrID.Value = "01";
elementCustomer.Attributes.Append(attrID);

XmlAttribute cityID = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("city");
cityID.Value = "Beijing";
elementCustomer.Attributes.Append(cityID);

XmlAttribute attrCountry = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("country");
attrCountry.Value = "China";
elementCustomer.Attributes.Append(attrCountry);

XmlAttribute nameCountry = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("name");
nameCountry.Value = "Lenovo";
elementCustomer.Attributes.Append(nameCountry);

el.AppendChild(elementCustomer);

// Contact Li Li
XmlElement elementContact = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Contact");
elementContact.InnerText = "Li Li";

XmlAttribute attrGender = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("gender");
attrGender.Value = "female";
elementContact.Attributes.Append(attrGender);

XmlAttribute titleGender = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("title");
titleGender.Value = "Support";
elementContact.Attributes.Append(titleGender);

elementCustomer.AppendChild(elementContact);

xmlDoc.Save("test.xml");




(四) 更改

还以下面的XML文档为例



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<Customers>
<Customer id="01" city="Beijing" country="China" name="Lenovo">
<Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact>
</Customer>
<Customer id="02" city="Amsterdam" country="The Netherlands" name="Shell">
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact>
<Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact>
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact>
</Customer>
</Customers>




1. 将Contact Li Li更改为Evi

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer/Contact[text()='Li Li']");
node.InnerText = "Evi";


2. 将id为02的Customer的city属性更改为Den Haag

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[@id='02']");
node.Attributes["city"].Value = "Den Haag";


3. 将id为02的Customer的所有下属Contact的title属性更改为Functional Consultant



XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer[@id='02']");
XmlNodeList nodelist = node.SelectNodes("./Contact");
foreach (XmlNode n in nodelist)
{
n.Attributes["title"].Value = "Functional Consultant";
}




(五) 删除节点

还是以这个XML文档为例



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<Customers>
<Customer id="01" city="Beijing" country="China" name="Lenovo">
<Contact gender="female" title="Support">Li Li</Contact>
</Customer>
<Customer id="02" city="Amsterdam" country="The Netherlands" name="Shell">
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact>
<Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact>
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact>
</Customer>
</Customers>




1. 删除Contact Li Li节点

XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/Customers/Customer/Contact[text()='Li Li']");
node.ParentNode.RemoveChild(node);


结果:



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Customers>
<Customer id="01" city="Beijing" country="China" name="Lenovo">
</Customer>
<Customer id="02" city="Amsterdam" country="The Netherlands" name="Shell">
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Aaron Babbitt</Contact>
<Contact gender="female" title="Sales Manager">Daisy Cabell</Contact>
<Contact gender="male" title="Sales Person">Gabriel Eads</Contact>
</Customer>
</Customers>




(六) Namespace

XML文档中如果使用了命名空间该如何进行查询,以下面的文档为例:



<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<root xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/"
xmlns:f="http://www.w3schools.com/furniture">
<h:table>
<h:tr>
<h:td>Apples</h:td>
<h:td>Bananas</h:td>
</h:tr>
</h:table>
<f:table>
<f:name>African Coffee Table</f:name>
<f:width>80</f:width>
<f:length>120</f:length>
</f:table>
</root>




查找第一个f:name节点

var names = new XmlNamespaceManager(xmlDoc.NameTable);
names.AddNamespace("h", "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/");
names.AddNamespace("f", "http://www.w3schools.com/furniture");
XmlNode node = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("/root/f:table/f:name", names);
Console.WriteLine(node.InnerText);


总结: XmlDocument类是.Net API中提供的支持W3C XML DOM标准的类。可以用它来创建和查询XML文档。由于XmlDocument要将XML文档的内容全部装载进内存中,所以对于读取内容过大的XML文档,不适合使用XmlDocument类,而可以使用XmlReader来完成读取。
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