利用dbms_backup_restore恢复数据库
2013-09-22 15:32
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测试环境：OEL+11.2.0.1
实例名：orcl2
DBID：1336959433
场景：Oracle数据库的存储坏了，数据文件和控制文件全部丢失，只有数据文件的备份集，且备份集中无控制文件。（当然了，oracle10g和11g中是自动备份数据文件的）
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Sep 22 00:05:52 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL2 (DBID=1336959433)
RMAN> backup database format '/backup/orcl_%U' plus archivelog;
Starting backup at 22-SEP-13
current log archived
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=38 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=16 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=9 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=8 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=10 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=11 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=17 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=19 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=18 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=13 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=12 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=15 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=14 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=21 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=22 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=20 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=7 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=4 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=5 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=1 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=2 STAMP=826760691
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vjz8nh_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=6 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=3 STAMP=826760691
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vk288l_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=23 STAMP=826761959
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vk29cw_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 22-SEP-13
Starting backup at 22-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/backup/orcl_04okeoqa_1_1 tag=TAG20130922T000738 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/backup/orcl_05okeou7_1_1 tag=TAG20130922T000738 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 22-SEP-13
Starting backup at 22-SEP-13
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=24 STAMP=826762186
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000946_93vk6b6o_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000946 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 22-SEP-13
RMAN>
查看备份文件：
[oracle@DBA2 backup]$ ls
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1182695424 Sep 22 00:09 orcl_04okeoqa_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10158080 Sep 22 00:09 orcl_05okeou7_1_1
orcl_04okeoqa_1_1是数据文件的备份集，orcl_05okeou7_1_1是控制文件和参数文件的备份集。
[oracle@DBA2 oradata]$ cd /oradata/orcl2/
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls
control01.ctl redo02.log seven.dbf system01.dbf temp02.dbf users01.dbf
redo01.log redo03.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ rm *
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ cd /u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl2/
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls
control02.ctl
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ rm *
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$
数据文件和控制文件现已全部删除，数据库也会随之崩溃；
[oracle@DBA2 dbs]$ sql
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Sep 22 00:18:50 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u/oracle/product/11.2/dbs/initorcl2.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 418484224 bytes
Fixed Size 1336932 bytes
Variable Size 327158172 bytes
Database Buffers 83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers 6103040 bytes
SQL>
SQL> declare
2 devtype varchar2(256);
3 done boolean;
4 begin
5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceallocate(type=>'',ident=>'t1');
6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoresetdatafile;
7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restorecontrolfileto(cfname=>'/oradata/orcl2/control01.ctl');
8 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restorebackuppiece(done=>done,handle=>'/backup/orcl_05okeou7_1_1',params=>null);
9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.devicedeallocate;
10 end;
11 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
可以在路径下看到控制文件被构造出来了。
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:53 control01.ctl
现在可以将实例启动到mount状态了。
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
查看数据文件的file#号和绝对路径：
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
1 /oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf
2 /oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf
3 /oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf
4 /oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf
5 /oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf
OK！控制文件恢复成功，且知道数据文件的file#和name。
SQL> declare
2 devtype varchar2(256);
3 done boolean;
4 begin
5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');
6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;
7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01,
8 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf');
9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02,
10 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf');
11 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03,
12 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf');
13 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04,
14 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf');
15 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05,
16 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf');
17 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,
18 handle=>'/backup/orcl_04okeoqa_1_1',params=>null);
19 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;
20 end;
21 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看数据文件路径下是否已经将数据文件还原到指定目录：
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al
total 1480808
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 00:52 .
drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:54 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52436992 Sep 22 00:52 seven.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 Sep 22 00:52 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:53 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:53 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Sep 22 00:52 users01.dbf
确实，数据文件已经被还原至指定目录（没有临时表空间，因为rman备份的时候不会备份temp临时表空间）；
SQL> declare
2 devtype varchar2(256);
3 done boolean;
4 begin
5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');
6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;
7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01,
8 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf');
9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02,
10 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf');
11 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03,
12 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf');
13 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04,
14 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf');
15 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05,
16 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf');
17 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,
18 handle=>'/backup/orcl_04okeoqa_1_1',params=>null);
19 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;
20 end;
21 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看数据文件路径下是否已经将数据文件还原到指定目录：
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al
total 1480808
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 00:52 .
drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:54 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52436992 Sep 22 00:52 seven.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 Sep 22 00:52 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:53 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:53 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Sep 22 00:52 users01.dbf
确实，数据文件已经被还原至指定目录（没有临时表空间，因为rman备份的时候不会备份temp临时表空间）；
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL2" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/oradata/orcl2/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/oradata/orcl2/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/oradata/orcl2/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
DATAFILE
'/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
SQL> @/home/oracle/controlfile.txt
Control file created.
SQL>
控制文件恢复完成后，将数据库启动到mount状态，再执行不完全恢复。
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 1246394 generated at 09/22/2013 00:07:38 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/archivelog/2013_09_22/o1_mf_1_2_93vk6b0w_.ar
c
ORA-00280: change 1246394 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
Media recovery cancelled.
SQL>
恢复完成，之后将实例打开，因为redo文件也丢失了，执行不完全恢复，要加resetlogs参数：
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL>
看看redo文件是否被重建？
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al
total 1636644
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 00:57 .
drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:58 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Sep 22 00:58 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Sep 22 00:57 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Sep 22 00:57 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52436992 Sep 22 00:57 seven.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 Sep 22 00:57 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:57 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10493952 Sep 22 00:57 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10493952 Sep 22 00:57 temp02.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:57 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Sep 22 00:57 users01.dbf
很好，redo文件也被重建，实例也启动起来了。但是实验的时候只用了一个控制文件，考虑到控制文件要多路复用，需要将实例关闭，修改参数文件，copy一个控制文件，这里就不再赘述了。
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作者: Seven
原文链接:/article/2129549.html
邮箱: seven_ginna@foxmail.com
实例名：orcl2
DBID：1336959433
场景：Oracle数据库的存储坏了，数据文件和控制文件全部丢失，只有数据文件的备份集，且备份集中无控制文件。（当然了，oracle10g和11g中是自动备份数据文件的）
备份数据库
首先将数据库进行全备
[oracle@DBA2 backup]$ rman target /Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Sep 22 00:05:52 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL2 (DBID=1336959433)
RMAN> backup database format '/backup/orcl_%U' plus archivelog;
Starting backup at 22-SEP-13
current log archived
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=38 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=16 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=9 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=8 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=10 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=11 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=17 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=19 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=18 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=13 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=12 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=15 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=14 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=21 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=22 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=20 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=7 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=4 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=5 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=1 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=2 STAMP=826760691
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vjz8nh_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=6 STAMP=826760691
input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=3 STAMP=826760691
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vk288l_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=23 STAMP=826761959
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vk29cw_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 22-SEP-13
Starting backup at 22-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/backup/orcl_04okeoqa_1_1 tag=TAG20130922T000738 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/backup/orcl_05okeou7_1_1 tag=TAG20130922T000738 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 22-SEP-13
Starting backup at 22-SEP-13
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=24 STAMP=826762186
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13
piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000946_93vk6b6o_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000946 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 22-SEP-13
RMAN>
查看备份文件：
[oracle@DBA2 backup]$ ls
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1182695424 Sep 22 00:09 orcl_04okeoqa_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10158080 Sep 22 00:09 orcl_05okeou7_1_1
orcl_04okeoqa_1_1是数据文件的备份集，orcl_05okeou7_1_1是控制文件和参数文件的备份集。
制造实验场景
删除数据文件和控制文件：[oracle@DBA2 oradata]$ cd /oradata/orcl2/
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls
control01.ctl redo02.log seven.dbf system01.dbf temp02.dbf users01.dbf
redo01.log redo03.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ rm *
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ cd /u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl2/
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls
control02.ctl
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ rm *
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$
数据文件和控制文件现已全部删除，数据库也会随之崩溃；
开始恢复
如果之前有参数文件，就用之前的参数文件，如果没有就自己手动修改init.ora文件，先将实例启动到nomount状态；[oracle@DBA2 dbs]$ sql
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Sep 22 00:18:50 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u/oracle/product/11.2/dbs/initorcl2.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 418484224 bytes
Fixed Size 1336932 bytes
Variable Size 327158172 bytes
Database Buffers 83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers 6103040 bytes
SQL>
备份集中有控制文件
如果备份集中有控制文件，可以先还原控制文件再还原数据文件；还原控制文件
使用dbms_backup_restore将控制文件从备份集中构造出来：SQL> declare
2 devtype varchar2(256);
3 done boolean;
4 begin
5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceallocate(type=>'',ident=>'t1');
6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoresetdatafile;
7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restorecontrolfileto(cfname=>'/oradata/orcl2/control01.ctl');
8 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restorebackuppiece(done=>done,handle=>'/backup/orcl_05okeou7_1_1',params=>null);
9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.devicedeallocate;
10 end;
11 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
可以在路径下看到控制文件被构造出来了。
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:53 control01.ctl
现在可以将实例启动到mount状态了。
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
查看数据文件的file#号和绝对路径：
SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;
FILE# NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
1 /oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf
2 /oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf
3 /oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf
4 /oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf
5 /oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf
OK！控制文件恢复成功，且知道数据文件的file#和name。
还原数据文件
现在知道数据文件的file#和name后，还是利用dbms_backup_restore从备份集中还原数据文件：SQL> declare
2 devtype varchar2(256);
3 done boolean;
4 begin
5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');
6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;
7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01,
8 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf');
9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02,
10 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf');
11 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03,
12 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf');
13 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04,
14 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf');
15 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05,
16 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf');
17 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,
18 handle=>'/backup/orcl_04okeoqa_1_1',params=>null);
19 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;
20 end;
21 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看数据文件路径下是否已经将数据文件还原到指定目录：
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al
total 1480808
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 00:52 .
drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:54 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52436992 Sep 22 00:52 seven.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 Sep 22 00:52 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:53 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:53 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Sep 22 00:52 users01.dbf
确实，数据文件已经被还原至指定目录（没有临时表空间，因为rman备份的时候不会备份temp临时表空间）；
备份集中无控制文件
还原数据文件
利用dbms_backup_restore从备份集中还原数据文件，当然这里并不知道数据文件的file#和name，一般name都会知道，只是file#无法确定，一般而言system是01号，undotbs是02号，sysaux是03号，users是04号，其他的就只能通过猜或者一个一个试了。当然之前能保存这些信息当然很好。SQL> declare
2 devtype varchar2(256);
3 done boolean;
4 begin
5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');
6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;
7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01,
8 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf');
9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02,
10 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf');
11 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03,
12 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf');
13 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04,
14 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf');
15 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05,
16 toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf');
17 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,
18 handle=>'/backup/orcl_04okeoqa_1_1',params=>null);
19 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;
20 end;
21 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
查看数据文件路径下是否已经将数据文件还原到指定目录：
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al
total 1480808
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 00:52 .
drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:54 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52436992 Sep 22 00:52 seven.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 Sep 22 00:52 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:53 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:53 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Sep 22 00:52 users01.dbf
确实，数据文件已经被还原至指定目录（没有临时表空间，因为rman备份的时候不会备份temp临时表空间）；
手动创建控制文件
接下来要手动创建控制文件，这个环节很简单，但前提是要知道有哪些数据文件CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL2" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/oradata/orcl2/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/oradata/orcl2/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/oradata/orcl2/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
DATAFILE
'/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf',
'/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
SQL> @/home/oracle/controlfile.txt
Control file created.
SQL>
控制文件恢复完成后，将数据库启动到mount状态，再执行不完全恢复。
不完全恢复
现在执行不完全恢复：SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 1246394 generated at 09/22/2013 00:07:38 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/archivelog/2013_09_22/o1_mf_1_2_93vk6b0w_.ar
c
ORA-00280: change 1246394 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
Media recovery cancelled.
SQL>
恢复完成，之后将实例打开，因为redo文件也丢失了，执行不完全恢复，要加resetlogs参数：
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL>
看看redo文件是否被重建？
[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al
total 1636644
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 00:57 .
drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10076160 Sep 22 00:58 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Sep 22 00:58 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Sep 22 00:57 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Sep 22 00:57 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52436992 Sep 22 00:57 seven.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 Sep 22 00:57 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:57 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10493952 Sep 22 00:57 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10493952 Sep 22 00:57 temp02.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:57 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Sep 22 00:57 users01.dbf
很好，redo文件也被重建，实例也启动起来了。但是实验的时候只用了一个控制文件，考虑到控制文件要多路复用，需要将实例关闭，修改参数文件，copy一个控制文件，这里就不再赘述了。
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