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Installing Nginx With PHP5 (And PHP-FPM) And MySQL Support (LEMP) On Ubuntu 12.04 LTS [repost]

2013-09-16 08:05 916 查看
from:http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-nginx-with-php5-and-php-fpm-and-mysql-support-lemp-on-ubuntu-12.04-lts

1PreliminaryNote

InthistutorialIusethehostnameserver1.example.comwiththeIPaddress192.168.0.100.Thesesettingsmightdifferforyou,soyouhavetoreplacethemwhereappropriate.I'mrunningallthestepsinthistutorialwithrootprivileges,somakesureyou'reloggedinasroot:sudosu

2InstallingMySQL5

InordertoinstallMySQL,werunapt-getinstallmysql-servermysql-clientYouwillbeaskedtoprovideapasswordfortheMySQLrootuser-thispasswordisvalidfortheuserroot@localhostaswellasroot@server1.example.com,sowedon'thavetospecifyaMySQLrootpasswordmanuallylateron:NewpasswordfortheMySQL"root"user:<--yourrootsqlpassword
RepeatpasswordfortheMySQL"root"user:<--yourrootsqlpassword

3InstallingNginx

NginxisavailableasapackageforUbuntu12.04whichwecaninstallasfollows:apt-getinstallnginxStartnginxafterwards:/etc/init.d/nginxstartTypeinyourwebserver'sIPaddressorhostnameintoabrowser(e.g.http://192.168.0.100),andyoushouldseethefollowingpage:



ThedefaultnginxdocumentrootonUbuntu12.04is/usr/share/nginx/www.

4InstallingPHP5

WecanmakePHP5workinnginxthroughPHP-FPM(PHP-FPM(FastCGIProcessManager)isanalternativePHPFastCGIimplementationwithsomeadditionalfeaturesusefulforsitesofanysize,especiallybusiersites)whichweinstallasfollows:apt-getinstallphp5-fpmPHP-FPMisadaemonprocess(withtheinitscript/etc/init.d/php5-fpm)thatrunsaFastCGIserveronport9000.

5Configuringnginx

Thenginxconfigurationisin/etc/nginx/nginx.confwhichweopennow:vi/etc/nginx/nginx.confTheconfigurationiseasytounderstand(youcanlearnmoreaboutithere:http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxFullExampleandhere:http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxFullExample2)First(thisisoptional)adjustthenumberofworkerprocessesandsetthekeepalive_timeouttoareasonablevalue:
[...]
worker_processes4;
[...]
keepalive_timeout2;
[...]

Thevirtualhostsaredefinedinserver{}containers.Thedefaultvhostisdefinedinthefile/etc/nginx/sites-available/default-let'smodifyitasfollows:nano/etc/nginx/sites-available/default

[...]
server{
listen80;##listenforipv4;thislineisdefaultandimplied
listen[::]:80defaultipv6only=on;##listenforipv6

root/usr/share/nginx/www;
indexindex.phpindex.htmlindex.htm;

#Makesiteaccessiblefromhttp://localhost/server_name_;

location/{
#Firstattempttoserverequestasfile,then
#asdirectory,thenfallbacktoindex.html
try_files$uri$uri//index.html;
#Uncommenttoenablenaxsionthislocation
#include/etc/nginx/naxsi.rules
}

location/doc/{
alias/usr/share/doc/;
autoindexon;
allow127.0.0.1;
denyall;
}

#Onlyfornginx-naxsi:processdeniedrequests
#location/RequestDenied{
#Forexample,returnanerrorcode
#return418;
#}

#error_page404/404.html;

#redirectservererrorpagestothestaticpage/50x.html
#
error_page500502503504/50x.html;
location=/50x.html{
root/usr/share/nginx/www;
}

#passthePHPscriptstoFastCGIserverlisteningon127.0.0.1:9000
#
location~\.php${
try_files$uri=404;
fastcgi_split_path_info^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_indexindex.php;
includefastcgi_params;
}

#denyaccessto.htaccessfiles,ifApache'sdocumentroot
#concurswithnginx'sone
#
location~/\.ht{
denyall;
}
}
[...]


Uncommentbothlistenlinestomakenginxlistenonport80IPv4andIPv6.server_name_;makesthisadefaultcatchallvhost(ofcourse,youcanaswellspecifyahostnameherelikewww.example.com).I'veaddedindex.phptotheindexline.root/usr/share/nginx/www;meansthatthedocumentrootisthedirectory/usr/share/nginx/www.TheimportantpartforPHPisthelocation~\.php${}stanza.Uncommentittoenableit.PleasenotethatI'veaddedthelinetry_files$uri=404;topreventzero-dayexploits(seehttp://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls#Passing_Uncontrolled_Requests_to_PHPandhttp://forum.nginx.org/read.php?2,88845,page=3).Alternatively,ifyoudon'twanttousethetry_files$uri=404;line,youcansetcgi.fix_pathinfo=0;in/etc/php5/fpm/php.ini(don'tforgettoreloadPHP-FPMafterwards).Nowsavethefileandreloadnginx:

/etc/init.d/nginxreloadNowcreatethefollowingPHPfileinthedocumentroot/usr/share/nginx/www:nano/usr/share/nginx/www/info.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Nowwecallthatfileinabrowser(e.g.http://192.168.0.100/info.php):




Asyousee,PHP5isworking,andit'sworkingthroughFPM/FastCGI,asshownintheServerAPIline.Ifyouscrollfurtherdown,youwillseeallmodulesthatarealreadyenabledinPHP5.MySQLisnotlistedtherewhichmeanswedon'thaveMySQLsupportinPHP5yet.
6GettingMySQLSupportInPHP5
TogetMySQLsupportinPHP,wecaninstallthephp5-mysqlpackage.It'sagoodideatoinstallsomeotherPHP5modulesaswellasyoumightneedthemforyourapplications.YoucansearchforavailablePHP5moduleslikethis:apt-cachesearchphp5Picktheonesyouneedandinstallthemlikethis:apt-getinstallphp5-mysqlphp5-curlphp5-gdphp5-intlphp-pearphp5-imagickphp5-imapphp5-mcryptphp5-memcachephp5-mingphp5-psphp5-pspellphp5-recodephp5-snmpphp5-sqlitephp5-tidyphp5-xmlrpcphp5-xslXcacheisafreeandopenPHPopcodecacherforcachingandoptimizingPHPintermediatecode.It'ssimilartootherPHPopcodecachers,suchaseAcceleratorandAPC.ItisstronglyrecommendedtohaveoneoftheseinstalledtospeedupyourPHPpage.Xcachecanbeinstalledasfollows:apt-getinstallphp5-xcacheNowreloadPHP-FPM:/etc/init.d/php5-fpmreloadNowreloadhttp://192.168.0.100/info.phpinyourbrowserandscrolldowntothemodulessectionagain.Youshouldnowfindlotsofnewmodulesthere,includingtheMySQLmodule:



7MakingPHP-FPMUseAUnixSocket
BydefaultPHP-FPMislisteningonport9000on127.0.0.1.ItisalsopossibletomakePHP-FPMuseaUnixsocketwhichavoidstheTCPoverhead.Todothis,open/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf...nano/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf...andmakethelistenlinelookasfollows:
[...]
;listen=127.0.0.1:9000
listen=/tmp/php5-fpm.sock
[...]

ThenreloadPHP-FPM:/etc/init.d/php5-fpmreloadNextgothroughyournginxconfigurationandallyourvhostsandchangethelinefastcgi_pass127.0.0.1:9000;tofastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php5-fpm.sock;,e.g.likethis:nano/etc/nginx/sites-available/default
[...]
location~\.php${
try_files$uri=404;
fastcgi_split_path_info^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_indexindex.php;
includefastcgi_params;
}
[...]

Finallyreloadnginx:/etc/init.d/nginxreload
8CGI/PerlScripts
IfyouwanttoserveCGI/Perlscriptswithnginx,pleasereadthistutorial:ServingCGIScriptsWithNginxOnDebianSqueeze/Ubuntu11.04Therecommendedwayistousefcgiwrap(chapter4).
9Links
nginx:http://nginx.net/nginxWiki:http://wiki.codemongers.com/MainPHP:http://www.php.net/PHP-FPM:http://php-fpm.org/MySQL:http://www.mysql.com/Ubuntu:http://www.ubuntu.com/
                                            

                                        

                        
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