Linux/Unix shell 参数传递到SQL脚本

在数据库运维的过程中，Shell 脚本在很大程度上为运维提供了极大的便利性。而shell 脚本参数作为变量传递给SQL以及SQL脚本也是DBA经常碰到的情形之一。本文主要讨论了如何将shell脚本的参数传递到SQL脚本之中并执行SQL查询。

1、启动sqlplus时执行脚本并传递参数

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp.sh
#!/bin/bash

# ----------------------------------------------
# Set environment here
# Author : Robinson Cheng
# ----------------------------------------------

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi

if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then
echo "Usage: "
echo " `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"
read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID
read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" begin_date
read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" end_date
else
ORACLE_SID=${1}
begin_date=${2}
end_date=${3}
fi

export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date

#Method 1: pass the parameter to script directly after script name
sqlplus -S gx_adm/gx_adm @/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp.sql $begin_date $end_date

exit

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp.sql
SELECT snap_id, dbid, snap_level
FROM dba_hist_snapshot
WHERE TO_CHAR (begin_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&1'
AND TO_CHAR (end_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&2';
exit;

2、在SQL提示符下传递参数

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp2.sh
#!/bin/bash

# ----------------------------------------------
# Set environment here
# Author : Robinson Cheng
# ----------------------------------------------

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi

if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then
echo "Usage: "
echo " `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"
read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID
read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" begin_date
read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" end_date
else
ORACLE_SID=${1}
begin_date=${2}
end_date=${3}
fi

export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date

#Method 2: pass the parameter in SQL prompt. Using the same method with method 1
sqlplus -S " / as sysdba" <<EOF
@/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp.sql $begin_date $end_date
exit;
EOF
exit

3、通过定义变量的方式来传递参数

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp3.sh
#!/bin/bash

# ----------------------------------------------
# Set environment here
# Author : Robinson Cheng
# ----------------------------------------------

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then
. ~/.bash_profile
fi

if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then
echo "Usage: "
echo " `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"
read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID
read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" begin_date
read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):" end_date
else
ORACLE_SID=${1}
begin_date=${2}
end_date=${3}
fi

export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date

#Method 3: pass the parameter to global variable firstly.
sqlplus -S " / as sysdba" <<EOF
define begin_date=$begin_date
define end_date=$end_date
prompt "variable value for begin_date is: &begin_date"
prompt "variable value for end_date id : &end_date"
@/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp3.sql begin_date end_date
exit;
EOF
exit

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp3.sql
SELECT snap_id, dbid, snap_level
FROM dba_hist_snapshot
WHERE TO_CHAR (begin_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&begin_date'
AND TO_CHAR (end_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh24') = '&end_date';
exit;

4、测试脚本

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp.sh
Usage:
tmp.sh <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>
please input begin ORACLE_SID:CNMMBO
please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):2013030709
please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh24):2013030710

SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL
---------- ---------- ----------
13877 938506715 1

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp2.sh MMBOTST 2013030709 2013030710

SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL
---------- ---------- ----------
36262 3509254984 1

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp3.sh MMBOTST 2013030710 2013030711
"variable value for begin_date is: 2013030710"
"variable value for end_date id : 2013030711"

SNAP_ID DBID SNAP_LEVEL
---------- ---------- ----------
36263 3509254984 1

5、小结

a、本文主要描述了将shell的参数传递给SQL脚本

b、方式1的用法是直接将shell变量跟在脚本之后, sqlplus userid/pwd @script_name $para1 $para2

c、方式2是启动sqlplus后在SQL提示符下来传递参数, SQL>@script_name $para1 $para2

d、方式3则是将shell变量的值先传递给define定义的变量，然后再传递给SQL脚本 SQL>@script_name var1 var2

e、注意方式3中SQL脚本的替代变量与define定义的变量名相同

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