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[每日一题] OCP1z0-047 :2013-08-27   WITH子句........................................................

2013-08-27 23:05 429 查看
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正确答案:CD

题目解析:
没有进行子查询因子化的交叉数据分析查询

gyj@OCM>        select /*+ gather_plan_statistics */   2             product   3             , channel   4             , quarter   5             , country   6             , quantity_sold   7     from   8     (   9             select  10                     prod_name product  11                     , country_name country  12                     , channel_id channel  13                     , substr(calendar_quarter_desc, 6,2) quarter  14                     , sum(amount_sold) amount_sold  15                     , sum(quantity_sold) quantity_sold  16             from  17                     sh.sales  18                     join sh.times on times.time_id = sales.time_id  19                     join sh.customers on customers.cust_id = sales.cust_id  20                     join sh.countries on countries.country_id = customers.country_id  21                     join sh.products on products.prod_id = sales.prod_id  22             group by  23               prod_name  24               , country_name  25               , channel_id  26               , substr(calendar_quarter_desc, 6, 2)  27     )  28  ) PIVOT (  29     sum(quantity_sold)  30     FOR (channel, quarter) IN  31     (  32             (5, '02') AS CATALOG_Q2,  33             (4, '01') AS INTERNET_Q1,  34             (4, '04') AS INTERNET_Q4,  35             (2, '02') AS PARTNERS_Q2,  36             (9, '03') AS TELE_Q3  37     )  38  )  39  order by product, country;


现在让我们使用with子句来将这个查询分解为易于理解的字节级大小的块。
进行子查询因子化的交叉表

gyj@OCM> with sales_countries as (   2     select /*+ gather_plan_statistics */   3             cu.cust_id   4             , co.country_name   5     from    sh.countries co, sh.customers cu   6     where cu.country_id = co.country_id   7  ),   8  top_sales as (   9     select   10             p.prod_name   11             , sc.country_name  12             , s.channel_id  13             , t.calendar_quarter_desc  14             , s.amount_sold  15             , s.quantity_sold  16     from  17             sh.sales s  18             join sh.times t on t.time_id = s.time_id  19             join sh.customers c on c.cust_id = s.cust_id  20             join sales_countries sc on sc.cust_id = c.cust_id  21             join sh.products p on p.prod_id = s.prod_id  22  ),  23  sales_rpt as (  24     select  25             prod_name product  26             , country_name country  27             , channel_id channel  28             , substr(calendar_quarter_desc, 6,2) quarter  29             , sum(amount_sold) amount_sold  30             , sum(quantity_sold) quantity_sold   31     from top_sales  32     group by   33             prod_name  34             , country_name  35             , channel_id  36             , substr(calendar_quarter_desc, 6, 2)  37  )  38  select * from  39  (   40    select product, channel, quarter, country, quantity_sold  41    from sales_rpt  42  ) pivot (  43     sum(quantity_sold)  44     for (channel, quarter) in  45     (  46             (5, '02') as catalog_q2,  47             (4, '01') as internet_q1,  48             (4, '04') as internet_q4,  49             (2, '02') as partners_q2,  50             (9, '03') as tele_q3  51     )  52  )  53  order by product, country;

尽管这并不是一个非常复杂的SQL例子,但确实可以用来说明WITH子句是如何能够被用来增强SQL语句的可读性和可维护性的,通过使用这一技术,大而复杂的查询可以变得更易于理解。

WITH query_name子句可以让你为子查询块分配一个名称。然后你就可以通过声明query_name在查询中多次引用这个子查询。Oracle数据库通过将这个查询名称作为内嵌视图或临时表对等来优化查询。
注意Oracle可能将因子化的子查询作为临时表来处理。在一个表被引用多次的查询中,这可能是一个独特的性能上的优势,因为Oracle可以物化查询结果集,从而避免多次执行一些非常耗占资源的数据库运算。在这里需要注意的是只是“可能”的独特性能优势。需要牢记于心的一点是物化结果集需要创建一个临时表并将数据行插入其中。如果同一个结果集将会被引用很多次的话,这样就可能是很值得的,否则就有可能极大地降低性能。

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