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【优化&大师级代码欣赏】Codeforces Round #137 (Div. 2) / 222B Cosmic Tables (矩阵)

2013-08-19 16:09 726 查看

B. Cosmic Tables
http://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/222/B

time limit per test
3 seconds

memory limit per test
256 megabytes

input
standard input

output
standard output

The Free Meteor Association (FMA) has got a problem: as meteors are moving, the Universal Cosmic Descriptive Humorous Program (UCDHP) needs to add a special module that would analyze this movement.

UCDHP stores some secret information about meteors as an n × m table with integers in its cells. The order of meteors in the Universe is changing.
That's why the main UCDHP module receives the following queries:

The query to swap two table rows;

The query to swap two table columns;

The query to obtain a secret number in a particular table cell.

As the main UCDHP module is critical, writing the functional of working with the table has been commissioned to you.

Input

The first line contains three space-separated integers n, m and k (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 1000, 1 ≤ k ≤ 500000)
— the number of table columns and rows and the number of queries, correspondingly.

Next n lines contain m space-separated numbers each
— the initial state of the table. Each number p in the table is an integer and satisfies the inequality 0 ≤ p ≤ 106.

Next k lines contain queries in the format "si xi yi",
where si is one
of the characters "с", "r" or "g",
and xi, yi are
two integers.

If si = "c",
then the current query is the query to swap columns with indexes xi and yi (1 ≤ x, y ≤ m, x ≠ y);

If si = "r",
then the current query is the query to swap rows with indexes xi and yi (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n, x ≠ y);

If si = "g",
then the current query is the query to obtain the number that located in the xi-th
row and in the yi-th
column (1 ≤ x ≤ n, 1 ≤ y ≤ m).

The table rows are considered to be indexed from top to bottom from 1 to n, and the table columns — from left to right from 1 to m.

Output

For each query to obtain a number (si =
"g") print the required number. Print the answers to the queries in the order of the queries in the input.

Sample test(s)

input

output

8
9
6

input

output

Note

Let's see how the table changes in the second test case.

After the first operation is fulfilled, the table looks like that:

2 1 4

1 3 5
After the second operation is fulfilled, the table looks like that:

1 3 5
2 1 4

So the answer to the third query (the number located in the first row and in the third column) will be 5.

简单的矩阵维护查询。

学到个小技巧~

字符、空格和数字混合读取时推荐用字符串读取单个字符。

完整代码：(我写的，大师在后面)

/*872ms,3900KB*/

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>

int mat[1005][1005], row[1005], col[1005];

int main()
{
	int n, m, k;
	char s[2];
	int a, b, temp;
	memset(mat, 0, sizeof(mat));
	scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &m, &k);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
		for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j)
			scanf("%d", &mat[i][j]);
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
		row[i] = i;
	for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i)
		col[i] = i;
	while (k--)
	{
	    ///混合读取时推荐用char数组（而不是用char）读取单个字符
		scanf("%s%d%d", s, &a, &b);
		if (s[0] == 'c')
		{
			temp = col[a];
			col[a] = col[b];
			col[b] = temp;
		}
		else if (s[0] == 'r')
		{
			temp = row[a];
			row[a] = row[b];
			row[b] = temp;
		}
		else
			printf("%d\n", mat[row[a]][col[b]]);
	}
	return 0;
}

大师A：

/*最快！250ms,5400KB*/

// -------------------- Khai bao thu vien --------------------
#include <set>
#include <bitset>
#include <queue>
#include <deque>
#include <set>
#include <bitset>
#include <queue>
#include <deque>
#include <stack>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>

#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
#include <utility>

using namespace std;

// -------------------- Khai bao cac container --------------------
typedef vector <int> vi;
typedef vector <vi> vvi;
typedef pair <int, int> ii;
typedef vector <ii> vii;
typedef vector <string> vs;

typedef long long int64; //NOTES:int64
typedef unsigned long long uint64; //NOTES:uint64
typedef unsigned uint;

const double pi = acos(-1.0); //NOTES:pi
const double eps = 1e-11; //NOTES:eps
const int MAXI = 0x7fffffff;
const int dx[] = {1, 0, -1, 0};
const int dy[] = {0, 1, 0, -1};
const char dz[] = "SENW";

// -------------------- Dinh nghia lai cac phep toan --------------------
#define FORN(i,a,b)     for (int i=(a),_b=(b); i<_b; i++)
#define RFORN(i,b,a)    for (int i=(b)-1,_a=(a); i>=_a; i--)
#define RESET(a,b)      memset((a),(b),sizeof(a))

#define SC(x)           scanf("%d",&x)
#define SC2(x,y)        scanf("%d %d",&x,&y)
#define PR(x)           printf("%d ",x)
#define PR2(x,y)        printf("%d %d ",x,y)
#define PRS(x)          printf("%s",x)
#define END             printf("\n")
#define EXIT(x)         {PRS(x);return 0;}
#define DBG(x)          {cerr << "--> " << #x << " = " << x << endl;}

#define fi              first
#define se              second
#define PB              push_back
#define ALL(x)          (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define MP(X,Y)         make_pair(X,Y)
#define foreach(i, c)   for(typeof((c).begin()) i = (c).begin(); i != (c).end(); i++)
#define present(c, x)   ((c).find(x) != (c).end())

#define two(x)          (1 << (x))
#define two64(x)        (((int64)(1)) << (x))
#define contain(s, x)   (((s) & two(x)) != 0)
#define contain64(s,x)  (((s) & two64(x)) != 0)

// =========================== Bat dau template ===========================

// -------------------- Cac thao tac nhap - xuat, debug, v.v... --------------------
void startDBG(){
    PRS("\n\n------------------- Start Debug -------------------\n\n");
}

void endDBG(){
    PRS("\n\n------------------- End Debug -------------------\n");
}

int in() {
    int x = 0, c;
    for (; (uint)((c = getchar()) - '0') >= 10; ) { if (c == '-') return -in(); if (!~c) throw ~0; }
    do { x = (x << 3) + (x << 1) + (c - '0'); } while ((uint)((c = getchar()) - '0') < 10);
    return x;
}

int64 in64() {
    int64 x = 0, c;
    for (; (uint)((c = getchar()) - '0') >= 10; ) { if (c == '-') return -in(); if (!~c) throw ~0; }
    do { x = (x << 3) + (x << 1) + (c - '0'); } while ((uint)((c = getchar()) - '0') < 10);
    return x;
}

void showVi(vi A){
    FORN (i, 0, A.size()) cout << A[i] << " ";
}

void showVii(vii A){
    FORN (i, 0, A.size()) cout << A[i].fi << " " << A[i].se << endl;
}

void showVs(vs A){
    FORN (i, 0, A.size()) cout << A[i] << endl;
}

void showArray(int A[], int n){
    FORN (i, 0, n) cout << A[i] << " ";
}

int MUOI(int x){
    int re = 1;
    FORN (i, 0, x) re *= 10;
    return re + x;
}

vi getVi(int SOLUONG){
    vi REVI;
    FORN (i, 0, SOLUONG){
        int GETA;
        SC(GETA);
        REVI.PB(GETA);
    }
    return REVI;
}

vs getVs(int SOLUONG){
    vs REVS;
    FORN (i, 0, SOLUONG){
        string GETS;
        cin >> GETS;
        REVS.PB(GETS);
    }
    return REVS;
}

vii getVii(int SOLUONG){
    vii REVII;
    FORN (i, 0, SOLUONG){
        int GETA, GETB;
        SC2(GETA, GETB);
        REVII.PB(MP(GETA, GETB));
    }
    return REVII;
}

template<class T> inline T checkMod(T n, T m) {
    return (n % m + m) % m;
}

template<class T> inline T multiplyMod(T a, T b, T m) {
    return (T) ((((int64) (a)*(int64) (b) % (int64) (m))+(int64) (m)) % (int64) (m));
}

template<class T> inline T powerMod(T p, int e, T m)
{
    if (e == 0)return 1 % m;
    else if (e % 2 == 0) {
        T t = powerMod(p, e / 2, m);
        return multiplyMod(t, t, m);
    } else return multiplyMod(powerMod(p, e - 1, m), p, m);
}

template<class T> inline bool isPrimeNumber(T n)
{
    if (n <= 1)return false;
    for (T i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) if (n % i == 0) return false;
    return true;
}

template<class T> inline T sqr(T x) {
    return x*x;
}

template<class T> inline T lowbit(T n) {
    return (n^(n - 1))&n;
}

template<class T> inline int countbit(T n) {
    return (n == 0) ? 0 : (1 + countbit(n & (n - 1)));
}

// -------------------- Cac ham ve toan --------------------

int64 C(int m,int n)
{
    if (n > m) return 0;
    int64 re = 1;
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) re = re * (m - i + 1) / i;
    return re;
}

template<class T> inline T gcd(T a, T b)
{
    if (a < 0)return gcd(-a, b);
    if (b < 0)return gcd(a, -b);
    return (b == 0) ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
}

template<class T> inline T lcm(T a, T b)
{
    if (a < 0)return lcm(-a, b);
    if (b < 0)return lcm(a, -b);
    return a * (b / gcd(a, b));
}

template<class T> inline T euclide(T a, T b, T &x, T &y)
{
    if (a < 0) {
        T d = euclide(-a, b, x, y);
        x = -x;
        return d;
    }
    if (b < 0) {
        T d = euclide(a, -b, x, y);
        y = -y;
        return d;
    }
    if (b == 0) {
        x = 1;
        y = 0;
        return a;
    } else {
        T d = euclide(b, a % b, x, y);
        T t = x;
        x = y;
        y = t - (a / b) * y;
        return d;
    }
}

template<class T> inline vector<pair<T, int> > factorize(T n)
{
    vector<pair<T, int> > R;
    for (T i = 2; n > 1;) {
        if (n % i == 0) {
            int C = 0;
            for (; n % i == 0; C++, n /= i);
            R.push_back(make_pair(i, C));
        }
        i++;
        if (i > n / i) i = n;
    }
    if (n > 1) R.push_back(make_pair(n, 1));
    return R;
}

template<class T> inline T eularFunction(T n)
{
    vector<pair<T, int> > R = factorize(n);
    T r = n;
    for (int i = 0; i < R.size(); i++)r = r / R[i].first * (R[i].first - 1);
    return r;
}

// -------------------- Cac ham ve ma tran --------------------

const int MaxMatrixSize = 40;

template<class T> inline void showMatrix(int n, T A[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)cout << A[i][j];
        cout << endl;
    }
}

template<class T> inline void identityMatrix(int n, T A[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) A[i][j] = (i == j) ? 1 : 0;
}

template<class T> inline void addMatrix(int n, T C[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T A[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T B[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
}

template<class T> inline void subMatrix(int n, T C[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T A[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T B[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) C[i][j] = A[i][j] - B[i][j];
}

template<class T> inline void mulMatrix(int n, T C[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T _A[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T _B[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize])
{
    T A[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], B[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) A[i][j] = _A[i][j], B[i][j] = _B[i][j], C[i][j] = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) C[i][j] += A[i][k] * B[k][j];
}

template<class T> inline void addModMatrix(int n, T m, T C[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T A[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T B[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) C[i][j] = checkMod(A[i][j] + B[i][j], m);
}

template<class T> inline void subModMatrix(int n, T m, T C[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T A[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T B[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) C[i][j] = checkMod(A[i][j] - B[i][j], m);
}

template<class T> inline void mulModMatrix(int n, T m, T C[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T _A[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], T _B[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize])
{
    T A[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize], B[MaxMatrixSize][MaxMatrixSize];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) A[i][j] = _A[i][j], B[i][j] = _B[i][j], C[i][j] = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) C[i][j] = (C[i][j] + multiplyMod(A[i][k], B[k][j], m)) % m;
}
// -------------------- Cac ham ve hinh hoc --------------------

double dist(ii a, ii b) {
    return sqrt(sqr((double)(a.fi) - (double)(b.fi)) + sqr((double)(a.se) - (double)(b.se)));
}

double distR(ii a, ii b) {
    return sqr((double)(a.fi) - (double)(b.fi)) + sqr((double)(a.se) - (double)(b.se));
}

int cross(ii c, ii a, ii b) {
    return (a.fi - c.fi)*(b.se - c.se)-(b.fi - c.fi)*(a.se - c.se);
}

int crossOper(ii c, ii a, ii b)
{
    double t = (a.fi - c.fi)*(b.se - c.se)-(b.fi - c.fi)*(a.se - c.se);
    if (fabs(t) <= eps) return 0;
    return (t < 0) ? -1 : 1;
}

bool isIntersect(ii a, ii b, ii c, ii d)
{
    return crossOper(a, b, c) * crossOper(a, b, d) < 0 && crossOper(c, d, a) * crossOper(c, d, b) < 0;
}

bool isMiddle(double s, double m, double t) {
    return fabs(s - m) <= eps | fabs(t - m) <= eps | (s < m) != (t < m);
}

// -------------------- Cac ham ve chuyen doi giua cac kieu --------------------

bool isUpperCase(char c) {
    return c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z';
}

bool isLowerCase(char c) {
    return c >= 'a' && c <= 'z';
}

bool isLetter(char c) {
    return c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' | c >= 'a' && c <= 'z';
}

bool isDigit(char c) {
    return c >= '0' && c <= '9';
}

char toLowerCase(char c) {
    return (isUpperCase(c)) ? (c + 32) : c;
}

char toUpperCase(char c) {
    return (isLowerCase(c)) ? (c - 32) : c;
}

template<class T> string toString(T n) {
    ostringstream ost;
    ost << n;
    ost.flush();
    return ost.str();
}

int toInt(string s) {
    int r = 0;
    istringstream sin(s);
    sin >> r;
    return r;
}

int64 toInt64(string s) {
    int64 r = 0;
    istringstream sin(s);
    sin >> r;
    return r;
}

double toDouble(string s) {
    double r = 0;
    istringstream sin(s);
    sin >> r;
    return r;
}

template<class T> void stoa(string s, int &n, T A[]) {
    n = 0;
    istringstream sin(s);
    for (T v; sin >> v; A[n++] = v);
}

template<class T> void atos(int n, T A[], string &s) {
    ostringstream sout;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (i > 0)sout << ' ';
        sout << A[i];
    }
    s = sout.str();
}

template<class T> void atov(int n, T A[], vector<T> &vi) {
    vi.clear();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) vi.push_back(A[i]);
}

template<class T> void vtoa(vector<T> vi, int &n, T A[]) {
    n = vi.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)A[i] = vi[i];
}

template<class T> void stov(string s, vector<T> &vi) {
    vi.clear();
    istringstream sin(s);
    for (T v; sin >> v; vi.push_back(v));
}

template<class T> void vtos(vector<T> vi, string &s) {
    ostringstream sout;
    for (int i = 0; i < vi.size(); i++) {
        if (i > 0)sout << ' ';
        sout << vi[i];
    }
    s = sout.str();
}

// -------------------- Cac ham ve phan so --------------------

template<class T> struct Fraction {
    T a, b;
    Fraction(T a = 0, T b = 1);
    string toString();
};

template<class T> Fraction<T>::Fraction(T a, T b) {
    T d = gcd(a, b);
    a /= d;
    b /= d;
    if (b < 0) a = -a, b = -b;
    this->a = a;
    this->b = b;
}

template<class T> string Fraction<T>::toString() {
    ostringstream sout;
    sout << a << "/" << b;
    return sout.str();
}

template<class T> Fraction<T> operator+(Fraction<T> p, Fraction<T> q) {
    return Fraction<T > (p.a * q.b + q.a * p.b, p.b * q.b);
}

template<class T> Fraction<T> operator-(Fraction<T> p, Fraction<T> q) {
    return Fraction<T > (p.a * q.b - q.a * p.b, p.b * q.b);
}

template<class T> Fraction<T> operator*(Fraction<T> p, Fraction<T> q) {
    return Fraction<T > (p.a * q.a, p.b * q.b);
}

template<class T> Fraction<T> operator/(Fraction<T> p, Fraction<T> q) {
    return Fraction<T > (p.a * q.b, p.b * q.a);
}
// =========================== Ket thuc template ===========================

#define N 1005
    int n = in(), m = in(), k = in(), x, y;
    int A

, vtCot
, vtHang
;
    char q;

int main(){
    //freopen ("input.txt", "r", stdin);
    //freopen ("output.txt", "w", stdout);

    FORN (i, 0, n)
        FORN (j, 0, m)
            A[i][j] = in();

    FORN (i, 0, n) vtHang[i] = i;
    FORN (i, 0, m) vtCot[i] = i;

    FORN (i, 0, k){
        q = getchar(); x = in() - 1; y = in() - 1;
        if (q == 'r') swap(vtHang[x], vtHang[y]);
        if (q == 'c') swap(vtCot[x], vtCot[y]);
        if (q == 'g')
            printf("%d\n", A[vtHang[x]][vtCot[y]]);
    }
}

大师B：

/*最快！250ms,5400KB*/

#include <set>
#include <bitset>
#include <queue>
#include <deque>
#include <stack>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <numeric>
#include <utility>

// DEFINE
#define FOR(i,a,b)     for (int i=(a),_b=(b); i<_b; i++)
#define RFOR(i,b,a)    for (int i=(b)-1,_a=(a); i>=_a; i--)
#define RESET(a,b)      memset((a),(b),sizeof(a))
#define fi              first
#define se              second
#define foreach(i, c)   for(typeof((c).begin()) i = (c).begin(); i != (c).end(); i++)

// 
using namespace std;
typedef vector <int> vi;
typedef vector <vi> vvi;
typedef pair <int, int> ii;
typedef vector <ii> vii;
typedef vector <string> vs;
typedef long long int64; //NOTES:int64
typedef unsigned long long uint64; //NOTES:uint64
typedef unsigned uint;
const double pi = acos(-1.0); //NOTES:pi
const double eps = 1e-11; //NOTES:eps
const int MAXI = 0x7fffffff;
int in() {
    int x = 0, c;
    for (; (uint)((c = getchar()) - '0') >= 10; ) { if (c == '-') return -in(); if (!~c) throw ~0; }
    do { x = (x << 3) + (x << 1) + (c - '0'); } while ((uint)((c = getchar()) - '0') < 10);
    return x;
}
// CODE
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    long col, row, k;
    cin >> row >> col; 
    k = in();
    int r[row], c[col], a[row][col];
    FOR(i,0,row)
        FOR(j,0,col)
            a[i][j] = in();
            
    FOR(i,0,row)
        r[i] = i;
    FOR(i,0,col)
        c[i] = i;
    
    
    FOR(i,0,k)
    {
        char s;
        int x, y;
        s = getchar();
        x = in() - 1;
        y = in() - 1;
        if(s == 'g')
            cout << a[r[x]][c[y]] << endl;
        if(s == 'r')
            swap(r[x],r[y]);
        if(s == 'c')
            swap(c[x],c[y]);
            
            
    }
    return 0;
}

大师C：

/*270ms,5500KB*/

#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <deque>
#include <complex>

#define FOR(i,a,b) for(int i=(a),_b=(b); i<=_b; i++)
#define FORD(i,a,b) for(int i=(a),_b=(b); i>=_b; i--)
#define REP(i,a) for(int i=0,_a=(a); i<_a; i++)
#define ll long long
#define F first
#define S second
#define PB push_back
#define MP make_pair

#define DEBUG(x) cout << #x << " = "; cout << x << endl;
#define PR(a,n) cout << #a << " = "; FOR(_,1,n) cout << a[_] << ' '; cout << endl;
#define PR0(a,n) cout << #a << " = "; REP(_,n) cout << a[_] << ' '; cout << endl;
using namespace std;

//Buffer reading
int INP,AM;
#define BUFSIZE (1<<12)
char BUF[BUFSIZE+1], *inp=BUF;
#define GETCHAR(INP) { \
    if(!*inp) { \
        if (feof(stdin)) memset(BUF, 0, sizeof BUF); else fread(BUF,1,BUFSIZE,stdin); \
        inp=BUF; \
    } \
    INP=*inp++; \
}
#define DIG(a) (((a)>='0')&&((a)<='9'))
#define GN(j) { \
    AM=0;\
    GETCHAR(INP); while(!DIG(INP) && INP!='-') GETCHAR(INP);\
    if (INP=='-') {AM=1;GETCHAR(INP);} \
    j=INP-'0'; GETCHAR(INP); \
    while(DIG(INP)){j=10*j+(INP-'0');GETCHAR(INP);} \
    if (AM) j=-j;\
}
//End of buffer reading

const long double PI = acos((long double) -1.0);

int col[1011], row[1011], a[1011][1011], m, n, q;

int main() {
    GN(m); GN(n); GN(q);
    FOR(i,1,m) FOR(j,1,n) GN(a[i][j]);

    FOR(i,1,m) row[i] = i;
    FOR(j,1,n) col[j] = j;

    int i, j;
    while (q--) {
        char c = '#';
        while (c < 'a' || c > 'z') GETCHAR(c);
        if (c == 'g') {
            GN(i); GN(j);
            printf("%d\n", a[row[i]][col[j]]);
        }
        else if (c == 'r') {
            GN(i); GN(j);
            swap(row[i], row[j]);
        }
        else {
            GN(i); GN(j);
            swap(col[i], col[j]);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

大师D：

/*270ms,5400KB*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <bitset>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <set>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

# define f(i,a,b) for(typeof( b ) i=a;i<b;i++)
# define TT "\t"
# define Clear(x) memset(x,0,sizeof(x))
# define fill(x,a) memset(x,a,sizeof(x))
# define pb push_back
# define mp make_pair
# define X first
# define Y second
# define inf 2147000000
# define linf 9223372036854770000LL
# define sqr(x) ((x)*(x))

typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> ii;
typedef vector < pair<int, int > > vii;
typedef vector<int> vi;

template <class T>
inline void ri(T &i)
{
	bool minus = false;
	char c;
	for (c = getchar(); (c < '0' || c > '9') && (c != '-'); c = getchar());
	if (c == '-')
	{
		minus = true;
		c = '0';
	}
	for (i = 0; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = getchar())
		i = (i << 3) + (i << 1) + (c - 48);
	if (minus)i = (~i) + 1;
}
int a[1002][1002];
int col[1002];
int row[1002];

int main()
{
	int n, m, k;
	ri(n);
	ri(m);
	ri(k);
	f(i, 0, n)
	{
		f(j, 0, m)
		{
			ri(a[i][j]);
		}
	}
	f(i, 0, n)
	{
		row[i] = i;
	}
	f(i, 0, m)col[i] = i;
	int x, y;
	char c;
	f(j, 0, k)
	{
		c = getchar();
		ri(x);
		ri(y);
		x--;
		y--;
		if (c == 'c')
		{
			swap(col[x], col[y]);
		}
		else if (c == 'r')
		{
			swap(row[x], row[y]);
		}
		else
		{
			x = row[x];
			y = col[y];
			printf("%d\n", a[x][y]);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

大师E：极简主义

/*270ms,5400KB*/

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;

int GetNumber()
{
  char c;while(c=getchar(),c<'0'||c>'9');
  int X=c-48;while(c=getchar(),c>='0'&&c<='9')X=X*10+c-48;
  return X;
}

int main()
{
  int M=GetNumber(),N=GetNumber(),Query=GetNumber();
  static int A[1000][1000];
  for(int i=0;i<M;i++)
    for(int j=0;j<N;j++)
      A[i][j]=GetNumber();
  static int X[1000],Y[1000];
  for(int i=0;i<M;i++)X[i]=i;
  for(int i=0;i<N;i++)Y[i]=i;
  while(Query--)
    {
      char c;while(c=getchar(),c<'a'||c>'z');
      int a=GetNumber()-1,b=GetNumber()-1;
      if(c=='r')swap(X[a],X[b]);
      if(c=='c')swap(Y[a],Y[b]);
      if(c=='g')printf("%d\n",A[X[a]][Y[b]]);
    }
  return 0;
}

大师F：神一般的内存优化

/*280ms,3900KB*/

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef unsigned int uint;
char p;

void inp(int &n)
{
	for (; ((p < '0') | (p > '9')) & (p != EOF); p = getchar());
	for (n = 0; p >= '0' && p <= '9'; n = n * 10 + p - 48, p = getchar());
}

int inp()
{
	int n = 0;
	for (; (uint)((p = getchar()) - '0') > 9;)
	{
		if (p == '-') return -inp();
		//if (!~c) throw ~0;
	}
	for (n = p - '0'; (uint)((p = getchar()) - '0') < 10; n = n * 10 + p - '0');
	return n;
}

void inp(char &c)
{
	for (p = getchar(); (p <= 32) & (p != EOF); p = getchar());
	c = p;
}

int main()
{
	int n, m, k, i, j;
	//inp(n),inp(m),inp(k);
	n = inp(), m = inp(), k = inp();
	int x
, y[m], mapa
[m];
	char c;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < m; j++)
			//inp(mapa[i][j]);
			mapa[i][j] = inp();
		x[i] = i;
	}
	for (j = 0; j < m; j++)
		y[j] = j;
	while (k--)
	{
		inp(c);
		//inp(i),inp(j);
		i = inp(), j = inp();
		if (c == 'r') swap(x[i - 1], x[j - 1]);
		else if (c == 'c') swap(y[i - 1], y[j - 1]);
		else printf("%d\n", mapa[x[i - 1]][y[j - 1]]);
	}
	return 0;
}

大师G：

/*310ms,5500KB*/

#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <list>
#include <cmath>
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <bitset>
#include <cctype>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <sstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;
typedef long double ld;
typedef unsigned int ui;
typedef unsigned long long ull;

#define Rep(i,n) for(__typeof(n) i = 0; i < (n); ++i)
#define Repd(i,n) for(__typeof(n) i = (n)-1; i >= 0; --i)
#define For(i,a,b) for(__typeof(b) i = (a); i <= (b); ++i)
#define Ford(i,a,b) for(__typeof(a) i = (a); i >= (b); --i)
#define Fit(i,v) for(__typeof((v).begin()) i = (v).begin(); i != (v).end(); ++i)
#define Fitd(i,v) for(__typeof((v).rbegin()) i = (v).rbegin(); i != (v).rend(); ++i)
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
#define fi first
#define se second
#define sz(a) ((int)(a).size())
#define all(a) (a).begin(), (a).end()
#define ms(a,x) memset(a, x, sizeof(a))
#define nl puts("")

template<class T> void upmin(T &t, T f)
{
	if (t > f) t = f;
}
template<class T> void upmax(T &t, T f)
{
	if (t < f) t = f;
}
template<class F, class T> T convert(F a, int p = -1)
{
	stringstream ss;
	if (p >= 0) ss << fixed << setprecision(p);
	ss << a;
	T r;
	ss >> r;
	return r;
}
template<class T> void db(T a, int p = -1)
{
	if (p >= 0) cout << fixed << setprecision(p);
	cout << a << " ";
}
template<class T> T gcd(T a, T b)
{
	T r;
	while (b != 0)
	{
		r = a % b;
		a = b;
		b = r;
	}
	return a;
}
template<class T> T lcm(T a, T b)
{
	return a / gcd(a, b) * b;
}
template<class T> T sqr(T x)
{
	return x * x;
}
template<class T> T cube(T x)
{
	return x * x * x;
}
template<class T> struct Triple
{
	T x, y, z;
	Triple() {} Triple(T _x, T _y, T _z) : x(_x), y(_y), z(_z) {}
};
template<class T> Triple<T> euclid(T a, T b)
{
	if (b == 0) return Triple<T>(1, 0, a);
	Triple<T> r = euclid(b, a % b);
	return Triple<T>(r.y, r.x - a / b * r.y, r.z);
}
template<class T> int getbit(T s, int i)
{
	return (s >> i) & 1;
}
template<class T> T onbit(T s, int i)
{
	return s | (T(1) << i);
}
template<class T> T offbit(T s, int i)
{
	return s & (~(T(1) << i));
}
template<class T> int cntbit(T s)
{
	return s == 0 ? 0 : cntbit(s >> 1) + (s & 1);
}
const int bfsz = 1 << 16;
char bf[bfsz + 5];
int rsz = 0;
int ptr = 0;
char gc()
{
	if (rsz <= 0)
	{
		ptr = 0;
		rsz = (int) fread(bf, 1, bfsz, stdin);
		if (rsz <= 0) return EOF;
	} --rsz;
	return bf[ptr++];
}
void ga(char &c)
{
	c = EOF;
	while (!isalpha(c)) c = gc();
}
int gs(char s[])
{
	int l = 0;
	char c = gc();
	while (isspace(c)) c = gc();
	while (c != EOF && !isspace(c))
	{
		s[l++] = c;
		c = gc();
	}
	s[l] = '\0';
	return l;
}
template<class T> bool gi(T &v)
{
	v = 0;
	char c = gc();
	while (c != EOF && c != '-' && !isdigit(c)) c = gc();
	if (c == EOF) return false;
	bool neg = c == '-';
	if (neg) c = gc();
	while (isdigit(c))
	{
		v = v * 10 + c - '0';
		c = gc();
	}
	if (neg) v = -v;
	return true;
}

const double PI = 2 * acos(0);
const string months[] = {"January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"};
const int days[] = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
const int dr[] = { -1, 0, +1, 0};
const int dc[] = {0, +1, 0, -1};
const int inf = (int)1e9 + 5;
const ll linf = (ll)1e17 + 5;
const double eps = 1e-9;

#define maxn 1005
int n, m, k, a[maxn][maxn], row[maxn], col[maxn];

int main()
{
//    freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);
	gi(n);
	gi(m);
	gi(k);
	For(i, 1, n) For(j, 1, m) gi(a[i][j]);
	For(i, 1, n) row[i] = i;
	For(j, 1, m) col[j] = j;
	char op;
	int x, y;
	while (k--)
	{
		ga(op);
		gi(x);
		gi(y);
		if (op == 'c') swap(col[x], col[y]);
		else if (op == 'r') swap(row[x], row[y]);
		else printf("%d\n", a[row[x]][col[y]]);
	}
	return 0;
}

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【优化&amp;大师级代码欣赏】Codeforces Round #137 (Div. 2) / 222B Cosmic Tables (矩阵)

【优化&大师级代码欣赏】Codeforces Round #137 (Div. 2) / 222B Cosmic Tables (矩阵)