Oracle技术之逻辑备份的案例应用

案例1： 误删除user及所有的对象，恢复
1）创建用户，并分配权限
06:14:01 SQL> create user scott identified by tiger default tablespace users ;
User created.
06:15:55 SQL> grant connect ,resource to scott;
Grant succeeded.
06:16:06 SQL>

2）导入备份
[oracle@work dat]$ imp system/oracle file=scott.dmp ignore=y fromuser=scott touser=scott;
Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Aug 19 06:16:36 2011
Copyright （c） 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
Warning: the objects were exported by SCOTT, not by you
import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses WE8ISO8859P1 character set （possible charset conversion）
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
. . importing table "BONUS" 0 rows imported
. . importing table "DEPT" 4 rows imported
. . importing table "EMP" 14 rows imported
. . importing table "EMP1" 512 rows imported
. . importing table "LX01" 9 rows imported
. . importing table "SALGRADE" 5 rows imported
. . importing table "TEST" 10 rows imported
About to enable constraints…
Import terminated successfully without warnings.

3）验证
06:17:11 SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
06:17:16 SQL>
06:17:16 SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
BONUS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
EMP1 TABLE
LX01 TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
SYS_TEMP_FBT TABLE
TEST TABLE
8 rows selected.

案例2：利用exp/imp 传输表空间（要保证两个库的字符集一致）
前提条件：如果两个库在同一个操作系统，就要保证两个库的字符集一致；
如果两个库不在同一个操作系统，就要检查对应操作系统的参数是否一致。

1、建立表空间
17:08:41 SQL> col file_name for a50
17:08:48 SQL> select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files
17:08:57 2 ;
FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmtest1/users01.dbf USERS
3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmtest1/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX
2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmtest1/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1
1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmtest1/system01.dbf SYSTEM
5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmtest1/example01.dbf EXAMPLE
17:08:58 SQL> create tablespace test
17:09:05 2 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmtest1/test01.dbf' size 100m;
Tablespace created.
17:09:18 SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
17:09:23 SQL>
17:09:29 SQL> create table t01 （id int） tablespace test;
Table created.
17:09:33 SQL> insert into t01 values （1）；
1 row created.
17:09:38 SQL> insert into t01 values （2）；
1 row created.
17:09:39 SQL> insert into t01 values （3）；
1 row created.
17:09:40 SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
17:09:41 SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
17:10:12 SQL>
17:10:12 SQL> alter tablespace test read only;
Tablespace altered.

2、查看表空间是否自包含【看表空间上的对象是不是都属于同一个表空间】
17:10:20 SQL> exec sys.dbms_tts.transport_set_check（'test',true）；
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
17:11:37 SQL> select * from sys.transport_set_violations; ——结果为空则为自包含，反之为非自包含
no rows selected
17:11:43 SQL>
——将传输的tablespace 设置成 read only 模式
15:37:37 SQL> alter tablespace test read only;
Tablespace altered.

3、导出可传输表空间（必须以sysdba权限）
[oracle@ocmtest1 ~]$ exp userid=\'sys/oracle as sysdba\' file=test.dmp log=test.log transport_tablespace=y tablespaces=test
Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 15 17:13:24 2011
Copyright （c） 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses WE8ISO8859P1 character set （possible charset conversion）
Note: table data （rows） will not be exported
About to export transportable tablespace metadata…
For tablespace TEST …
. exporting cluster definitions
. exporting table definitions
. . exporting table T01
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. end transportable tablespace metadata export——只传输数据结构
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
[oracle@ocmtest1 ~]$

4、启动另外一个数据库
[oracle@ocmtest1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=catdb
[oracle@ocmtest1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 15 17:15:25 2011
Copyright （c） 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
17:15:25 SQL>
17:15:25 SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 1218316 bytes
Variable Size 75499764 bytes
Database Buffers 88080384 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
17:15:41 SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
UNDOTBS1
SYSAUX
TEMP
USERS
EXAMPLE
CATTBS
7 rows selected.

5、在目标数据库下做imp操作，导入表空间
[oracle@ocmtest1 ~]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ocmtest1/test01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/catdb/
——将表空间数据文件从源数据库拷贝到目标数据库下
[oracle@ocmtest1 ~]$ imp userid=\'sys/oracle as sysdba\' tablespaces=test file=test.dmp transport_tablespace=y
datafiles=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/catdb/test01.dbf
Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 15 17:17:23 2011
Copyright （c） 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
About to import transportable tablespace（s） metadata…
import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses WE8ISO8859P1 character set （possible charset conversion）
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT
. . importing table "T01"
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
Import terminated successfully without warnings.

6、验证
[oracle@ocmtest1 ~]$
17:16:53 SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
UNDOTBS1
SYSAUX
TEMP
USERS
EXAMPLE
CATTBS
TEST
8 rows selected.
17:17:28 SQL> select * from scott.t01;
ID
----------
1
2
3
17:17:33 SQL>
17:28:03 SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM ONLINE
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE
SYSAUX ONLINE
TEMP ONLINE
USERS ONLINE
EXAMPLE ONLINE
CATTBS ONLINE
TEST READ ONLY
8 rows selected.
17:28:12 SQL> alter tablespace test read write;
Tablespace altered.

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