Oracle技术之同一台服务器上建立10g DATA GUARD

为了测试在同一台服务器上建立了DATA GUARD环境。

主库状态正常，也存在可用的备份，下面设置主库的FORCE LOGGING和相关的初始化参数：

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

修改主库的初始化参数：

SQL> alter system set log_archive_config = 'DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = 'LOCATION=/data/oradata/primary/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=standby LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set fal_server = standby;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set fal_client = primary;

System altered.

SQL> alter system set standby_file_management = auto;

System altered.

在主库建立STANDBY_LOGFILE：

SQL> select group#, thread#, sequence#, bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES/1024/1024

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------

1 1 4 500

2 1 5 500

3 1 3 500

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/data/oradata/primary/redo01.log

/data/oradata/primary/redo02.log

/data/oradata/primary/redo03.log

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/data/oradata/primary/standby_redo01.log' size500m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/data/oradata/primary/standby_redo02.log' size500m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/data/oradata/primary/standby_redo03.log' size500m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile '/data/oradata/primary/standby_redo04.log' size500m;

Database altered.

对于STANDBY LOGFILE应该比REDO LOGFILE多一组。

下面创建STANDBY数据库需要的目录结构：

SQL> host mkdir -p /data/oradata/standby/archivelog

SQL> host mkdir -p /opt/ora10g/admin/standby/bdump

SQL> host mkdir /opt/ora10g/admin/standby/cdump

SQL> host mkdir /opt/ora10g/admin/standby/adump

SQL> host mkdir /opt/ora10g/admin/standby/udump

创建STANDBY数据库需要的初始化文件：

SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/initstandby.ora' from spfile;

File created.

编辑初始化文件，修改相关的路径，设置对应standby数据库的初始化参数：

[oracle@yans1 ~]$ vi initstandby.ora

primary.__db_cache_size=1644167168

primary.__java_pool_size=16777216

primary.__large_pool_size=16777216

primary.__shared_pool_size=452984832

primary.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/opt/ora10g/admin/standby/adump'

*.audit_trail='NONE'

*.background_dump_dest='/opt/ora10g/admin/standby/bdump'

*.compatible='10.2.0.3.0'

*.control_files='/data/oradata/standby/control01.ctl','/data/oradata/standby/control02.ctl','/data/oradata/standby/control03.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/opt/ora10g/admin/standby/cdump'

*.db_block_size=16384

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16

*.db_name='primary'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=standbyXDB)'

*.fal_client='STANDBY'

*.fal_server='PRIMARY'

*.job_queue_processes=10

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/data/oradata/standby/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=primary LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=536870912

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sga_target=2147483648

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.undo_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.user_dump_dest='/opt/ora10g/admin/primary/udump'

db_unique_name=standby

instance_name=standby

service_names=standby

log_file_name_convert=('/data/oradata/primary', '/data/oradata/standby')

db_file_name_convert=('/data/oradata/primary', '/data/oradata/standby')

除了对主库的初始化参数进行修改外，由于STANDBY数据库和PRIMARY处于同一个服务器上，因此还需要增加DB_UNIQUE_NAME、INSTANCE_NAME、SERVICE_NAMES、LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT和DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT参数。

添加PRIMARY和STANDBY数据库的TNS配置：

PRIMARY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = yans1)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = primary)

)

)

STANDBY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = yans1)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SID = standby)

)

)

修改listener.ora，使用静态注册，在SID列表中添加：

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary)

(ORACLE_HOME = /opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(SID_NAME = standby)

)

重启监听：

[oracle@yans1 ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 23-12月-2010 08:11:45

Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version10.2.0.3.0 - Production

System parameter file is /opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=yans1)(PORT=1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=yans1)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias LISTENER

Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version10.2.0.3.0 - Production

Start Date 23-12月-2010 08:11:45

Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level off

Security ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP OFF

Listener Parameter File /opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File /opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=yans1)(PORT=1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))

Services Summary...

Service "PlsExtProc" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "PlsExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "primary" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "standby", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "test08" has 1 instance(s).

Instance "test08", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

下面启动STANDBY数据库：

[oracle@yans1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=standby

[oracle@yans1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release10.2.0.3.0 - Production on星期四12月23 07:58:44 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2006, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile=/home/oracle/initstandby.ora

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2147483648 bytes

Fixed Size 2074112 bytes

Variable Size 486541824 bytes

Database Buffers 1644167168 bytes

Redo Buffers 14700544 bytes

创建STANDBY数据库密码文件：

SQL> host cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwprimary $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstandby

利用RMAN来创建DATA GUARD：

[oracle@yans1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=primary

[oracle@yans1 ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release10.2.0.3.0 - Production on星期四12月23 08:16:53 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: PRIMARY (DBID=1574503166)

RMAN> run

2> {

3> allocate channel c1 device type disk format '/data/backup/%U';

4> backup current controlfile for standby;

5> release channel c1;

6> }

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: c1

channel c1: sid=148 devtype=DISK

Starting backup at 23-12月-10

channel c1: starting full datafile backupset

channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including standby control file in backupset

channel c1: starting piece 1 at 23-12月-10

channel c1: finished piece 1 at 23-12月-10

piece handle=/data/backup/05m08u9a_1_1 tag=TAG20101223T081746 comment=NONE

channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 23-12月-10

released channel: c1

首先为STANDBY创建数据库控制文件备份。

然后连接代理实例，开始DUPLICATE操作：

RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/test@standby

connected to auxiliary database: PRIMARY (not mounted)

RMAN> run

2> {

3> allocate channel c1 device type disk;

4> allocate auxiliary channel ac1 device type disk;

5> duplicate target database for standby;

6> release channel c1;

7> release channel ac1;

8> }

allocated channel: c1

channel c1: sid=148 devtype=DISK

allocated channel: ac1

channel ac1: sid=157 devtype=DISK

Starting Duplicate Db at 23-12月-10

contents of Memory Script.:

{

restore clone standby controlfile;

sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';

}

executing Memory Script

Starting restore at 23-12月-10

channel ac1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ac1: restoring control file

channel ac1: reading from backup piece /data/backup/05m08u9a_1_1

channel ac1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/data/backup/05m08u9a_1_1 tag=TAG20101223T081746

channel ac1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

output filename=/data/oradata/standby/control01.ctl

output filename=/data/oradata/standby/control02.ctl

output filename=/data/oradata/standby/control03.ctl

Finished restore at 23-12月-10

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script.:

{

set newname for tempfile 1 to

"/data/oradata/standby/temp01.dbf";

switch clone tempfile all;

set newname for datafile 1 to

"/data/oradata/standby/system01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 2 to

"/data/oradata/standby/undotbs01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 3 to

"/data/oradata/standby/sysaux01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 4 to

"/data/oradata/standby/users01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 5 to

"/data/oradata/standby/test01.dbf";

restore

check readonly

clone database

;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed temporary file 1 to /data/oradata/standby/temp01.dbf in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 23-12月-10

channel ac1: starting datafile backupset restore

channel ac1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

restoring datafile 00001 to /data/oradata/standby/system01.dbf

restoring datafile 00002 to /data/oradata/standby/undotbs01.dbf

restoring datafile 00003 to /data/oradata/standby/sysaux01.dbf

restoring datafile 00004 to /data/oradata/standby/users01.dbf

restoring datafile 00005 to /data/oradata/standby/test01.dbf

channel ac1: reading from backup piece /data/backup/primary/02lut2g0_1_1

channel ac1: restored backup piece 1

piece handle=/data/backup/primary/02lut2g0_1_1 tag=TAG20101206T165944

channel ac1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:56

Finished restore at 23-12月-10

contents of Memory Script.:

{

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=7 stamp=738491081 filename=/data/oradata/standby/system01.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=8 stamp=738491081 filename=/data/oradata/standby/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=9 stamp=738491081 filename=/data/oradata/standby/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=10 stamp=738491081 filename=/data/oradata/standby/users01.dbf

datafile 5 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy recid=11 stamp=738491081 filename=/data/oradata/standby/test01.dbf

Finished Duplicate Db at 23-12月-10

released channel: c1

released channel: ac1

至此DATA GUARD环境创建成功，可以将STANDBY处于恢复状态：

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

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