Oracle技术之连接RAC数据库中单个实例（一）

有时候希望连接RAC数据库时，只连接到其中某个实例。但是要实现这个目的，并不是仅仅通过设置TNSNAMES.ORA中服务名地址列表就可以实现的。
这篇描述通过INSTANCE_NAME来实现目标。

测试环境10.2.0.3 Rac for Solaris for sparc 64：
SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$DATABASE;
NAME
---------
TESTRAC
SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NUMBER, INSTANCE_NAME FROM V$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NUMBER INSTANCE_NAME
--------------- ----------------
1 testrac1
SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NUMBER, INSTANCE_NAME FROM GV$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NUMBER INSTANCE_NAME
--------------- ----------------
1 testrac1
2 testrac2
为了避免出现ORA-12545错误，在两个节点分别设置了LOCAL_LISTENER初始化参数：
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM
2 SET LOCAL_LISTENER = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.198.224)(PORT = 1521))'
3 SID = 'testrac1';
系统已更改。
节点2：
SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NAME FROM V$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
testrac2
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM
2 SET LOCAL_LISTENER = '(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.198.225)(PORT = 1521))'
3 SID = 'testrac2';
系统已更改。
分别检查两个节点上LISTENER相关的配置，节点1：
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER LISTENER
NAME TYPE VALUE
---------------- ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.198.224)(PORT = 1521))
remote_listener string LISTENERS_TESTRAC
节点2：
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER LISTENER
NAME TYPE VALUE
---------------- ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.198.225)(PORT = 1521))
remote_listener string LISTENERS_TESTRAC
其中REMOTE_LISTENER设置的值是TNSNAMES.ORA中配置的服务名，节点1上的TNSNAMES.ORA配置为：
LISTENER_TESTRAC2 =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))

LISTENER_TESTRAC1 =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))

TESTRAC2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = testrac)
(INSTANCE_NAME = testrac2)
)
)
TESTRAC1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = testrac)
(INSTANCE_NAME = testrac1)
)
)
TESTRAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = testrac)
)
)
LISTENERS_TESTRAC =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
)
节点2上的TNSNAMES.ORA配置为：
LISTENER_TESTRAC2 =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))

LISTENER_TESTRAC1 =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))

TESTRAC2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = testrac)
(INSTANCE_NAME = testrac2)
)
)
TESTRAC1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = testrac)
(INSTANCE_NAME = testrac1)
)
)
TESTRAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = testrac)
)
)
LISTENERS_TESTRAC =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = racnode2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
)
在本地测试连接，本地TNSNAMES.ORA文件中TESTRAC服务名配置为：
TESTRAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.198.224)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.198.225)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = TESTRAC)
)
)
下面尝试多次连接TESTRAC数据库，检查每次连接到哪个实例上：
SQL> CONN YANGTK/YANGTK@TESTRAC
已连接。
SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NAME FROM V$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
testrac1
SQL> CONN YANGTK/YANGTK@TESTRAC
已连接。
SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NAME FROM V$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
testrac2
将TESTRAC配置中的地址去掉一个，结果仍然如此：
TESTRAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.198.224)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = TESTRAC)
)
)
测试连接：
SQL> CONN YANGTK/YANGTK@TESTRAC
已连接。
SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NAME FROM V$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
testrac1
SQL> CONN YANGTK/YANGTK@TESTRAC
已连接。
SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NAME FROM V$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
testrac2
可以看到，即使TNSNAMES.ORA中配置了一个节点的地址，通过这个服务名访问RAC数据库，还是可能连接到两个实例上的。
为了确保通过服务名只连接到一个实例，需要在CONNECT_DATA中不仅仅指定SERVICE_NAME，同时还需要指定INSTANCE_NAME参数：
TESTRAC =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.198.224)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = TESTRAC)
(INSTANCE_NAME = TESTRAC1)
)
)
现在再次测试连接：
SQL> CONN YANGTK/YANGTK@TESTRAC
已连接。
SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NAME FROM V$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
testrac1
SQL> CONN YANGTK/YANGTK@TESTRAC
已连接。
SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NAME FROM V$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
testrac1
SQL> CONN YANGTK/YANGTK@TESTRAC
已连接。
SQL> SELECT INSTANCE_NAME FROM V$INSTANCE;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
testrac1

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