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系出名门Android(9) - 数据库支持(SQLite), 内容提供器(ContentProvider)

2013-06-13 21:26 375 查看
系出名门Android(9) - 数据库支持(SQLite), 内容提供器(ContentProvider)

作者:webabcd

介绍

在 Android 中使用 SQLite, ContentProvider 

数据库支持(SQLite) - Android 开发平台提供了操作 SQLite 数据库的相关 API

内容提供器(ContentProvider) - 当数据需要在应用程序之间共享时,可以在某程序中使用 ContentProvider 定义 URI, 以使其它应用程序可以通过此 URI 访问指定的数据

1、SQLite 的 Demo

DatabaseHelper.java

代码

package com.webabcd.SQLite;

import android.content.Context;

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;

// 数据库操作的 Helper 类

public class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

    DatabaseHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory cursorFactory, int version) {

        super(context, name, cursorFactory, version);

    }

    @Override

    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

        // TODO 创建数据库后,对数据库的操作

    }

    @Override

    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {

        // TODO 更改数据库版本的操作

    }

    @Override

    public void onOpen(SQLiteDatabase db) {

        super.onOpen(db);

       

        // TODO 每次成功打开数据库后首先被执行

    }

}

Main.java

代码

package com.webabcd.SQLite;

import java.util.Random;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.content.ContentValues;

import android.database.Cursor;

import android.database.SQLException;

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class Main extends Activity {

    private DatabaseHelper dbHelper;

    private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "db.db";

    private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;

    private static final String TABLE_NAME = "employee";

    TextView txtMsg;

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */

    @Override

    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        dbHelper = new DatabaseHelper(this, DATABASE_NAME, null,

                DATABASE_VERSION);

        txtMsg = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.txtMsg);

        Button btn1 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn1);

        btn1.setText("创建表");

        btn1.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                CreateTable();

            }

        });

        Button btn2 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn2);

        btn2.setText("插入 3 条记录");

        btn2.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                insertItem();

            }

        });

        Button btn3 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn3);

        btn3.setText("删除全部记录");

        btn3.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                deleteItem();

            }

        });

        Button btn4 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn4);

        btn4.setText("更新指定数据");

        btn4.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                updateItem();

            }

        });

        Button btn5 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn5);

        btn5.setText("显示全部数据");

        btn5.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                showItems();

            }

        });

        Button btn6 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn6);

        btn6.setText("删除表");

        btn6.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                dropTable();

            }

        });

    }

    // 创建数据表

    private void CreateTable() {

        SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();

        String sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " + TABLE_NAME

                + " (ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, Name VARCHAR, Age INTEGER);";

        try {

            db.execSQL(sql);

            txtMsg.append("数据表成功创建\n");

        } catch (SQLException ex) {

            txtMsg.append("数据表创建错误\n" + ex.toString() + "\n");

        }

    }

    // 插入数据

    private void insertItem() {

        SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();

       

        try {

            Random random = new Random();

            for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

                String sql = "insert into " + TABLE_NAME

                        + " (name, age) values ('name" + String.valueOf(i)

                        + "', " + random.nextInt() + ")";

                // execSQL() - 执行指定的 sql

                db.execSQL(sql);

            }

            txtMsg.append("成功插入 3 条数据\n");

        } catch (SQLException ex) {

            txtMsg.append("插入数据失败\n" + ex.toString() + "\n");

        }

    }

    // 删除数据

    private void deleteItem() {

        try {

            SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();

            db.delete(TABLE_NAME, " id < 999999", null);

            txtMsg.append("成功删除数据\n");

        } catch (SQLException e) {

            txtMsg.append("删除数据失败\n");

        }

    }

    // 更新数据

    private void updateItem() {

        SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();

        try {

            ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

            values.put("name", "批量更新后的名字");

            db.update(TABLE_NAME, values, "id<?", new String[] { "3" });

            txtMsg.append("成功更新数据\n");

        } catch (SQLException e) {

            txtMsg.append("更新数据失败\n");

        }

    }

    // 查询数据

    private void showItems() {

        SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();

        try {

            String[] column = { "id", "name", "age" };

            Cursor cursor = db.query(TABLE_NAME, column, null, null, null,

                    null, null);

            Integer num = cursor.getCount();

            txtMsg.append("共 " + Integer.toString(num) + " 条记录\n");

            cursor.moveToFirst();

            while (cursor.getPosition() != cursor.getCount()) {

                txtMsg.append(Integer.toString(cursor.getPosition()) + ","

                        + String.valueOf(cursor.getString(0)) + ","

                        + cursor.getString(1) + ","

                        + String.valueOf(cursor.getString(2)) + "\n");

                cursor.moveToNext();

            }

        } catch (SQLException ex) {

            txtMsg.append("读取数据失败\n" + ex.toString() + "\n");

        }

    }

    // 删除数据表

    private void dropTable() {

        SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();

        String sql = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS " + TABLE_NAME;

        try {

            db.execSQL(sql);

            txtMsg.append("数据表删除成功\n");

        } catch (SQLException ex) {

            txtMsg.append("数据表删除错误\n" + ex.toString() + "\n");

        }

    }

}

2、ContentProvider 的 Demo

MyUser.java

代码

package com.webabcd.contentprovider;

import android.net.Uri;

import android.provider.BaseColumns;

// 自定义 ContentProvider 所需的实体类

public class MyUser {

    // 必须要有 _id 字段。本例中 BaseColumn 类中已经包含了 _id 字段

    public static final class User implements BaseColumns {

       

        // 定义 CONTENT_URI

        public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://com.webabcd.MyContentProvider");

        // 表数据列

        public static final String USER_NAME = "USER_NAME";

    }

}

MyContentProvider.java

代码

package com.webabcd.contentprovider;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import org.apache.http.util.EncodingUtils;

import android.content.ContentProvider;

import android.content.ContentUris;

import android.content.ContentValues;

import android.database.Cursor;

import android.database.MatrixCursor;

import android.net.Uri;

// 继承 ContentProvider 以实现自定义的 ContentProvider(基于文件的信息存储)

public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider {

    private File file;

    private FileOutputStream out;

    private FileInputStream in;

    // ContentProvider 的删除数据接口

    @Override

    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {

        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        return 0;

    }

    @Override

    public String getType(Uri uri) {

        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        return null;

    }

    // ContentProvider 的插入数据接口

    @Override

    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {

        try {

            out = new FileOutputStream(file);

            out.write(values.getAsString(MyUser.User.USER_NAME).getBytes());

            out.close();

            int rowId = 0;

            Uri rowUri = ContentUris.appendId(

                    MyUser.User.CONTENT_URI.buildUpon(), rowId).build();

            getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(rowUri, null);

            return rowUri;

        } catch (Exception e) {

            return null;

        }

    }

    // 创建用于保存信息的文件

    @Override

    public boolean onCreate() {

        try {

            // 每个包中应用程序的私有目录为:/data/data/包名/

            // SD 卡目录为:/sdcard

            file = new File("/data/data/com.webabcd.contentprovider/",

                    "demo.txt");

            if (!file.exists())

                file.createNewFile();

            return true;

        } catch (Exception ex) {

            return false;

        }

    }

    // ContentProvider 的查询数据接口

    @Override

    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,

            String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {

       

        String content;

        try {

            in = new FileInputStream(file);

            int length = (int) file.length();

            byte[] buffer = new byte[length];

            in.read(buffer, 0, length);

            content = EncodingUtils.getString(buffer, "UTF-8");

            in.close();

            String[] columns = new String[] { MyUser.User._ID, MyUser.User.USER_NAME };

            MatrixCursor cur = new MatrixCursor(columns);

            String[] values = new String[] { "0", content };

            cur.moveToFirst();

            cur.addRow(values);

            return cur;

        } catch (Exception e) {

            return null;

        }

    }

    // ContentProvider 的更新数据接口

    @Override

    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,

            String[] selectionArgs) {

        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

        return 0;

    }

}

Main.java

代码

package com.webabcd.contentprovider;

import java.util.Random;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.content.ContentUris;

import android.content.ContentValues;

import android.database.Cursor;

import android.net.Uri;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.provider.Contacts;

import android.provider.Contacts.People;

import android.util.Log;

import android.view.View;

import android.widget.Button;

import android.widget.Toast;

/*

* 几个常用的系统内置的 ContentProvider 如下:

* content://media/internal/images  这个URI将返回设备上存储的所有图片

* content://contacts/people/ 这个URI将返回设备上的所有联系人信息

* content://contacts/people/45 这个URI返回单个结果(联系人信息中ID为45的联系人记录)

*/

public class Main extends Activity {

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */

    @Override

    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        Button btn1 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn1);

        btn1.setText("新增联系人记录");

        btn1.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                Random random = new Random();

                insertRecords("name" + String.valueOf(random.nextInt()), String

                        .valueOf(random.nextInt()));

            }

        });

        Button btn2 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn2);

        btn2.setText("查看联系人记录");

        btn2.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                displayRecords();

            }

        });

        Button btn3 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn3);

        btn3.setText("清除联系人记录");

        btn3.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                deleteRecords();

            }

        });

        Button btn4 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn4);

        btn4.setText("更新联系人记录");

        btn4.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                // 此处只是演示,id 来自 People._ID ,可参见 displayRecords() 是如何获取 id 的

                int id = 0;

                updateRecord(id, "修改后的name");

            }

        });

        Button btn5 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn5);

        btn5.setText("新增记录到 MyContentProvider");

        btn5.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                insertRecord2MyContentProvider("webabcd");

            }

        });

        Button btn6 = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn6);

        btn6.setText("获取记录从 MyContentProvider");

        btn6.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {

            public void onClick(View v) {

                displayRecord2MyContentProvider();

            }

        });

    }

    // 调用 ContentProvider 的插入接口

    private void insertRecords(String name, String phoneNum) {

        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

        values.put(People.NAME, name);

        Uri uri = getContentResolver().insert(People.CONTENT_URI, values);

        Log.d("MyDebug", uri.toString());

        Uri numberUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(uri,

                People.Phones.CONTENT_DIRECTORY);

        Log.d("MyDebug", numberUri.toString());

        values.clear();

        values.put(Contacts.Phones.TYPE, People.Phones.TYPE_MOBILE);

        values.put(People.NUMBER, phoneNum);

        getContentResolver().insert(numberUri, values);

    }

    // 调用 ContentProvider 的查询接口

    private void displayRecords() {

        String[] columns = new String[] { People._ID, People.NAME,

                People.NUMBER };

        Uri contacts = People.CONTENT_URI;

        Log.d("MyDebug", contacts.toString());

        Cursor cur = managedQuery(contacts, columns, // 要返回的数据字段

                null, // WHERE子句

                null, // WHERE 子句的参数

                null // Order-by子句

        );

        if (cur.moveToFirst()) {

            String id = null;

            String name = null;

            String phoneNo = null;

            while (cur.getPosition() != cur.getCount()) {

                id = cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex(People._ID));

                name = cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex(People.NAME));

                phoneNo = cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex(People.NUMBER));

                Toast.makeText(this, id + " / " + name + " / " + phoneNo,

                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                cur.moveToNext();

            }

        }

    }

    // 调用 ContentProvider 的删除接口

    private void deleteRecords() {

        Uri uri = People.CONTENT_URI;

        Log.d("MyDebug", uri.toString());

        getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);

        // getContentResolver().delete(uri, "NAME=" + "'name'", null);

    }

    // 调用 ContentProvider 的更新接口

    private void updateRecord(int recordNo, String name) {

        Uri uri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, recordNo);

        Log.d("MyDebug", uri.toString());

        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

        values.put(People.NAME, name);

        getContentResolver().update(uri, values, null, null);

    }

   

    // 调用自定义 ContentProvider 的插入接口

    private void insertRecord2MyContentProvider(String name) {

        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();

        values.put(MyUser.User.USER_NAME, name);

        getContentResolver().insert(MyUser.User.CONTENT_URI, values);

    }

    // 调用自定义 ContentProvider 的查询接口

    private void displayRecord2MyContentProvider() {

        String[] columns = new String[] { MyUser.User.USER_NAME };

        Uri uri = MyUser.User.CONTENT_URI;

        Cursor cur = managedQuery(uri, columns, null, null, null);

        while (cur.getPosition() != cur.getCount()) {

            String id = cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex(People._ID));

            String name = cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex(MyUser.User.USER_NAME));

            Toast.makeText(this,

                    id + " / " + name,

                    Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            cur.moveToNext();

        }

    }

}

AndroidManifest.xml

代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

      package="com.webabcd.contentprovider"

      android:versionCode="1"

      android:versionName="1.0">

    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">

        <activity android:name=".Main"

                  android:label="@string/app_name">

            <intent-filter>

                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

            </intent-filter>

        </activity>

       

        <!--

            配置一个自定义的 ContentProvider"

        -->

        <provider android:name="MyContentProvider" android:authorities="com.webabcd.MyContentProvider" />

    </application>

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS"></uses-permission>

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"></uses-permission>

    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" />

</manifest>
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