用maven整合struts+spring+hibernate之二 数据库生成和测试数据

这一步要实现的目标是在执行mvn package时，maven为我们自动创建数据表，并将测试数据添加进去。是不是很实用？你要觉得不所谓，也要以跳过这步。 

一、加入ssh支持 
就是增加struts、spring、hibernate等的依赖包啦。。不细说了。后面详细说明。 

二、配置插件 
这一块是最复杂的，先来了解两个插件： 

1、hibernate3-maven-plugin插件可实现自动生成数据库schema 
hibernate3:hbm2cfgxml: Generates hibernate.cfg.xml 
hibernate3:hbm2ddl: Generates database schema. 
hibernate3:hbm2doc: Generates HTML documentation for the database schema. 
hibernate3:hbm2hbmxml: Generates a set of hbm.xml files 
hibernate3:hbm2java: Generates Java classes from set of *.hbm.xml files 
hibernate3:schema-export: Creates SQL DDL file and generates the database schema from set of *.hbm.xml files 
hibernate3:schema-update: Updates the database schema based on the set of *.hbm.xml files 

2、dbunit-maven-plugin,可以实现数据库中数据的导入导出 
dbunit:operation: Execute a database operation using an external dataset file. 
dbunit:export: Export database tables into a dataset file. 
dbunit:compare: Compare a dataset with database. 

了解上面两个插件后，就可以用到它们了。怎么用，就是在pom.xml加入以下代码： 

Java代码  


<build>  

    <finalName>sshExt</finalName>  

    <!-- hibernate3-maven-plugin负责生成数据库 -->  

    <plugins>  

        <plugin>  

        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>  

        <artifactId>hibernate3-maven-plugin</artifactId>  

        <version>2.1</version>  

        <dependencies>  

           <dependency>  

             <groupId>mysql</groupId>  

             <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>  

             <version>5.0.5</version>  

          </dependency>  

        </dependencies>  

        <configuration>  

          <components>  

            <component>  

              <name>hbm2ddl</name>  

              <implementation>annotationconfiguration</implementation>  

            </component>  

          </components>  

          <componentProperties>  

            <drop>true</drop>  

            <jdk5>true</jdk5>  

            <propertyfile>target/classes/jdbc.properties</propertyfile>  

                     </componentProperties>  

            <skip>${maven.test.skip}</skip><!--很重要，可以控制是否要在package时重新建表-->  

        </configuration>  

        <executions>  

          <execution>  

            <phase>process-test-resources</phase>  

            <goals>  

               <goal>hbm2ddl</goal>  

            </goals>  

         </execution>  

       </executions>  

      </plugin>  

        

      <!-- dbunit-maven-plugin负责数据库的导入导出 -->  

      <plugin>  

        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>  

        <artifactId>dbunit-maven-plugin</artifactId>  

        <version>1.0-beta-1</version>  

        <executions>  

          <execution>  

            <id>test-compile</id>  

            <phase>test-compile</phase>  

            <goals>  

              <goal>operation</goal>  

            </goals>  

          </execution>  

          <execution>  

            <id>test</id>  

            <phase>test</phase>  

            <goals>  

              <goal>operation</goal>  

            </goals>  

          </execution>  

        </executions>  

        <dependencies>  

          <dependency>  

            <groupId>${jdbc.groupId}</groupId>  

            <artifactId>${jdbc.artifactId}</artifactId>  

            <version>${jdbc.version}</version>  

          </dependency>  

        </dependencies>  

        <configuration>  

          <dataTypeFactoryName>${dbunit.dataTypeFactoryName}</dataTypeFactoryName>  

          <driver>${jdbc.driverClassName}</driver>  

          <username>${jdbc.username}</username>  

          <password>${jdbc.password}</password>  

          <url>${jdbc.url}</url>  

          <src>src/test/resources/sample-data.xml</src>  

          <type>${dbunit.operation.type}</type>  

          <skip>${maven.test.skip}</skip><!--很重要，可以控制是否要在package时插入测试数据-->  

        </configuration>  

      </plugin>  

    </plugins>  

  </build>  

三、配置数据库连接 
除了pom.xml文件。还需一个jdbc.properties文件。内容如下： 

Java代码  


hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect  

hibernate.connection.username=root  

hibernate.connection.password=  

hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8  

hibernate.connection.driver_class=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  

四、配置实体，由于我们采用hibernate框架 
hibernate.cfg.xml： 

Java代码  


<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"  

    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">  

  

<hibernate-configuration>  

    <session-factory>  

        <mapping class="net.apex.framework.model.User"/>  

        <!-- <mapping class="net.apex.framework.model.Role"/> -->  

    </session-factory>  

</hibernate-configuration>  

五、配置持久化方案 
persistence.xml: 

Java代码  


<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"  

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"  

    version="1.0">  

    <persistence-unit name="ApplicationEntityManager" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">  

        <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>  

        <!--   

        <properties>  

            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>  

        </properties>  

         -->  

    </persistence-unit>  

</persistence>  

这个文件基本就这样。 

六、添加实体对象 
User.java: 

Java代码  


/** 

 *  

 */  

package net.apex.framework.model;  

  

import javax.persistence.Column;  

import javax.persistence.Entity;  

import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;  

import javax.persistence.Id;  

  

/** 

 * @author Administrator 

 * 

 */  

@Entity  

public class User {  

    private Long id;  

    private String name;  

    /** 

     * @return the id 

     */  

    @Id  

    @GeneratedValue  

    public Long getId() {  

        return id;  

    }  

    /** 

     * @param id the id to set 

     */  

    public void setId(Long id) {  

        this.id = id;  

    }  

    /** 

     * @return the name 

     */  

    @Column(name="name")  

    public String getName() {  

        return name;  

    }  

    /** 

     * @param name the name to set 

     */  

    public void setName(String name) {  

        this.name = name;  

    }  

      

}  

这个实体对象采用annotaion来做持久化映射 

七、添加测试数据 
sample-data.xml: 

Java代码  


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  

<dataset>  

    <table name="user">  

        <column>id</column>  

        <column>name</column>  

        <row>  

            <value description="id">-1</value>  

            <value description="name">user</value>  

        </row>  

        <row>  

            <value description="id">-2</value>  

            <value description="name">admin</value>  

        </row>  

    </table>  

  

</dataset>  

以上配置基本实现了。在这个maven工程启动时，会自动创建数据库，并将sample-data.xml中的测试数据插入到数据库中。那么如果数据库通过其它来源已插入了一些不错的数据，怎么将它导入到sample-data.xml中呢。有办法： 

Java代码  


mvn dbunit:export -Ddest=sample-data.xml  

上面的几个文件的目录是这样的： 
src/main/resources/hibernate.cfg.xml 
src/main/resources/jdbc.properties 
src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml 
src/test/resources/sample-data.xml 
pom.xml