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算法设计与分析--求最大子段和问题(蛮力法、分治法、动态规划法) C++实现

2013-05-13 20:43 483 查看
算法设计与分析--求最大子段和问题

问题描述:

给定由n个整数组成的序列(a1,a2, …,an),求该序列形如





的子段和的最大值,当所有整数均为负整数时,其最大子段和为0。

利用蛮力法求解:

int maxSum(int a[],int n)
{
	int maxSum = 0;
	int sum = 0;
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) //从第一个数开始算起
	{
		for(int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)//从i的第二个数开始算起
		{
			sum = a[i];
			a[i]  += a[j];
			if(a[i] > sum)
			{
				sum = a[i];		//每一趟的最大值
			}
		}
		if(sum > maxSum)
		{
			maxSum = sum;
		}

	}
	return maxSum;
}


利用分治法求解:

int maxSum(int a[],int left, int right)
{
	int sum = 0;
	if(left == right)	//如果序列长度为1,直接求解
	{
		if(a[left] > 0) sum = a[left];
		else sum = 0;
	}
	else 
	{
		int center = (left + right) / 2;	//划分
		int leftsum = maxSum(a,left,center);	//对应情况1,递归求解
		int rightsum = maxSum(a, center + 1, right);//对应情况2, 递归求解
		int s1 = 0;
		int lefts = 0;
		for(int i = center; i >= left; i--)	//求解s1
		{
			lefts += a[i];
			if(lefts > s1) s1 = lefts;	//左边最大值放在s1
		}
		int s2 = 0; 
		int rights = 0;
		for(int j = center + 1; j <= right; j++)//求解s2
		{
			rights += a[j];
			if(rights > s2) s2 =rights;
		}
		sum = s1 + s2;				//计算第3钟情况的最大子段和
		if(sum < leftsum) sum = leftsum;	//合并,在sum、leftsum、rightsum中取最大值
		if(sum < rightsum) sum = rightsum;
	}
	return sum;
}


利用动态规划法求解:



int DY_Sum(int a[],int n)
{
	int sum = 0;
	int *b = (int *) malloc(n * sizeof(int));	//动态为数组分配空间
	b[0] = a[0];
	for(int i = 1; i < n; i++)
	{
		if(b[i-1] > 0)
			b[i] = b[i - 1] + a[i];
		else
			b[i] = a[i];
	}
	for(int j = 0; j < n; j++)
	{
		if(b[j] > sum)
			sum = b[j];
	}
	delete []b;		//释放内存
	return sum;
}


完整测试程序:

#include<iostream>
#include<time.h>
#include<Windows.h>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 10000

int BF_Sum(int a[],int n)
{
int max=0;
int sum=0;
int i,j;
for (i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
sum=a[i];
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(sum>=max)
{
max=sum;
}
sum+=a[j];
}
}
return max;
}
int maxSum1(int a[],int left, int right)
{
int sum = 0;
if(left == right) //如果序列长度为1,直接求解
{
if(a[left] > 0) sum = a[left];
else sum = 0;
}
else
{
int center = (left + right) / 2; //划分
int leftsum = maxSum1(a,left,center); //对应情况1,递归求解
int rightsum = maxSum1(a, center + 1, right);//对应情况2, 递归求解
int s1 = 0;
int lefts = 0;
for(int i = center; i >= left; i--) //求解s1
{
lefts += a[i];
if(lefts > s1) s1 = lefts; //左边最大值放在s1
}
int s2 = 0;
int rights = 0;
for(int j = center + 1; j <= right; j++)//求解s2
{
rights += a[j];
if(rights > s2) s2 =rights;
}
sum = s1 + s2; //计算第3钟情况的最大子段和
if(sum < leftsum) sum = leftsum; //合并,在sum、leftsum、rightsum中取最大值
if(sum < rightsum) sum = rightsum;
}
return sum;
}

int DY_Sum(int a[],int n) { int sum = 0; int *b = (int *) malloc(n * sizeof(int)); //动态为数组分配空间 b[0] = a[0]; for(int i = 1; i < n; i++) { if(b[i-1] > 0) b[i] = b[i - 1] + a[i]; else b[i] = a[i]; } for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) { if(b[j] > sum) sum = b[j]; } delete []b; //释放内存 return sum; }

int main()
{
int num[MAX];
int i;
const int n = 40;
LARGE_INTEGER begin,end,frequency;
QueryPerformanceFrequency(&frequency);
//生成随机序列
cout<<"生成随机序列:";
srand(time(0));
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if(rand() % 2 == 0)
num[i] = rand();
else
num[i] = (-1) * rand();
if(n < 100)
cout<<num[i]<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;

//蛮力法//
cout<<"\n蛮力法:"<<endl;
cout<"最大字段和:";
QueryPerformanceCounter(&begin);
cout<<BF_Sum(num,n)<<endl;
QueryPerformanceCounter(&end);
cout<<"时间:"
<<(double)(end.QuadPart - begin.QuadPart) / frequency.QuadPart
<<"s"<<endl;

cout<<"\n分治法:"<<endl;
cout<"最大字段和:";
QueryPerformanceCounter(&begin);
cout<<maxSum1(num,0,n)<<endl;
QueryPerformanceCounter(&end);
cout<<"时间:"
<<(double)(end.QuadPart - begin.QuadPart) / frequency.QuadPart
<<"s"<<endl;

cout<<"\n动态规划法:"<<endl;
cout<"最大字段和:";
QueryPerformanceCounter(&begin);
cout<<DY_Sum(num,n)<<endl;
QueryPerformanceCounter(&end);
cout<<"时间:"
<<(double)(end.QuadPart - begin.QuadPart) / frequency.QuadPart
<<"s"<<endl;

system("pause");
return 0;
}


测试结果:

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