ORACLE在线重定义--将普通表转化为分区表

10gR2
需要将一个普通表转为按月分区提高查询效率

测试如下：

一、建立测试表

SQL> CREATE TABLE T(ID NUMBER ,TIME DATE);

Table created.

SQL> DESC T;
Name                                      Null?    Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
ID                                                 NUMBER
TIME                                               DATE

SQL> INSERT INTO T SELECT ROWNUM,CREATED FROM ALL_OBJECTS;

17979 rows created.

SQL> SET TIMING ON
SQL> select count(*) from t;

COUNT(*)
----------
17979

二、测试表是否可以在线重定义

SQL> EXEC DBMS_REDEFINITION.CAN_REDEF_TABLE('test','T', DBMS_REDEFINITION.CONS_USE_PK);
BEGIN DBMS_REDEFINITION.CAN_REDEF_TABLE('test','T', DBMS_REDEFINITION.CONS_USE_PK); END;

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06550: line 1, column 53:
PLS-00201: identifier 'DBMS_REDEFINITION' must be declared
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored

出错原因是没有赋予‘DBMS_REDEFINITION' 的执行权限。解决的办法是：

dba用户授予权限

SQL> GRANT ALL ON SYS.DBMS_REDEFINITION TO TEST;

Grant succeeded.

SQL>  GRANT CREATE ANY TABLE, ALTER ANY TABLE, DROP ANY TABLE, LOCK ANY TABLE, SELECT ANY TABLE TO TEST;

Grant succeeded.

回到test用户继续验证

SQL> EXEC DBMS_REDEFINITION.CAN_REDEF_TABLE('test', 'T', DBMS_REDEFINITION.CONS_USE_PK);
BEGIN DBMS_REDEFINITION.CAN_REDEF_TABLE('test', 'T', DBMS_REDEFINITION.CONS_USE_PK); END;

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12089: cannot online redefine table "test"."T" with no primary key
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REDEFINITION", line 137
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REDEFINITION", line 1479
ORA-06512: at line 1

如果没有定义主键会提示以上错误信息

建立主键：

SQL> alter table t add constraint pk_t primary key(id);

Table altered.

再次验证成功

SQL> EXEC DBMS_REDEFINITION.CAN_REDEF_TABLE('test','T',DBMS_REDEFINITION.CONS_USE_PK);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

三、建立中间表及分区

SQL> select to_char(min(time),'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from t;

TO_CHAR(MIN(TIME),'
-------------------
2003-06-13 21:11:01

SQL> select to_char(max(time),'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from t;

TO_CHAR(MAX(TIME),'
-------------------
2013-05-07 21:40:35

SQL> CREATE TABLE T_NEW (ID NUMBER PRIMARY KEY, TIME DATE) PARTITION BY RANGE (TIME)
2       (PARTITION T_2003 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2004-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
3       PARTITION T_2004 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2005-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
4       PARTITION T_2005 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2006-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
5       PARTITION T_2006 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2007-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
6       PARTITION T_2007 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2008-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
7      PARTITION T_2008 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2009-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
8      PARTITION T_2009 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2010-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
9      PARTITION T_2010 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2011-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
10      PARTITION T_2011 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2012-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
11      PARTITION T_2012 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2013-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')),
12      PARTITION T_2013 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2014-1-1', 'YYYY-MM-DD')));

四、在线重新定义操作

SQL> exec dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table('TEST','T','T_NEW');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

一些问题：

建立过程关于物化视图的问题

SQL> desc user_mviews;
Name                                      Null?    Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
OWNER                                     NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
MVIEW_NAME                                NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
CONTAINER_NAME                            NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
....省略

SQL> select mview_name from user_mviews;

no rows selected

SQL> EXEC DBMS_REDEFINITION.START_REDEF_TABLE('test','T','T_NEW');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>  select mview_name from user_mviews;

MVIEW_NAME
------------------------------
T_NEW

SQL>

#start后会产生一个物化视图，如果中途失败不做abort会导致物化视图一次存在，下一次操作时会报：

SQL> EXEC DBMS_REDEFINITION.START_REDEF_TABLE('test', 'T', 'T_NEW');
BEGIN DBMS_REDEFINITION.START_REDEF_TABLE('test', 'T', 'T_NEW'); END;

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12091: cannot online redefine table "test"."T" with
materialized views
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REDEFINITION", line 50
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REDEFINITION", line 1343
ORA-06512: at line 1

SQL> drop materialized view log on T;

ORA-14400: inserted partition key does not map to any partition

这个报错的意思是分区表建立时有值在分区表之外，未被包含，可以查询下数据把缺失的分区表建立起来
参考：

SQL> select to_char(max(time),'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from t;

TO_CHAR(MAX(TIME),'
-------------------
2014-05-01 21:40:35

SQL> select partition_name from user_tab_partitions where table_name='T_NEW';

PARTITION_NAME
------------------------------
T_2003
T_2004
T_2005
T_2006
T_2007
T_2008
T_2009
T_2010
T_2011
T_2012
T_2013

11 rows selected.

SQL> ALTER TABLE T_NEW ADD PARTITION T_2014 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('2015-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD'));

Table altered.

SQL> select partition_name from user_tab_partitions where table_name='T_NEW';

PARTITION_NAME
------------------------------
T_2003
T_2004
T_2005
T_2006
T_2007
T_2008
T_2009
T_2010
T_2011
T_2012
T_2013
T_2014

12 rows selected.

五、执行重定义后的分区数据同步

SQL>  exec dbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table('TEST','T','T_NEW');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

六、完成在线重定义操作

SQL>  EXEC DBMS_REDEFINITION.FINISH_REDEF_TABLE('TEST','T','T_NEW');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

如果执行在线重定义的过程中出错

可以在执行dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table之后到执行dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table之前的时间里
执行：DBMS_REDEFINITION.abort_redef_table('test', 't', 't_new')以放弃执行在线重定义。

By cycsa http://www.cnblogs.com/cycsa
参考文档
http://www.blogjava.net/willpower88/archive/2007/04/19/111987.html(排版很正！感谢作者!） http://space.itpub.net/8334342/viewspace-582331