Oracle 数据库导出数据泵（EXPDP）文件存放的位置 推荐

数据泵是服务器端工具，导出的文件是放在数据库所在的服务器上，当然我们知道可以通过directory目录对象来控制。目录对象默认有四个级别，当然是有优先级顺序的，优先级从上往下 1.每个文件单独的指定具体的目录2.expdp导出时，指定的目录参数3.用户定义的环境变量DATA_PUMP_DIR指定的目录4.默认的目录对象DATA_PUMP_DIR
当然了对于oracle11g R2来说，又引入了一个可选项，我们就当是55.DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCHEMA_NAME目录

一、默认的目录对象DATA_PUMP_DIR测试
SQL> desc dba_directories Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------- OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) DIRECTORY_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) DIRECTORY_PATH VARCHAR2(4000)

SQL> set linesize 120 pagesize 100SQL> col OWNER for a5 SQL> col DIRECTORY_NAME for a22SQL> col DIRECTORY_PATH for a80

SQL> select * from dba_directories;
OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH----- ---------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
SYS SUBDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/order_entry//2002/SepSYS SS_OE_XMLDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/order_entry/SYS LOG_FILE_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/log/SYS MEDIA_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/product_media/SYS XMLDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/xmlSYS DATA_FILE_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/sales_history/SYS DATA_PUMP_DIR /u01/app/oracle/admin/tj01/dpdump/SYS ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/ccr/state

通过查询我们看到，所有的目录都属于SYS用户，而不管是哪个用户创建的，在数据库里已经提前建好了这个目录对象DATA_PUMP_DIR。如果在使用expdp导出时，不指定目录对象参数，Oracle会使用数据库缺省的目录DATA_PUMP_DIR，不过如果想使用这个目录的话，用户需要具有exp_full_database的权限才行

SQL> conn scott/tigerConnected.
SQL> select * from tab;TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID------------------------------ ------- ----------BONUS TABLEDEPT TABLEEMP TABLESALGRADE TABLE

SQL> create table demo as select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp;Table created.

SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

由于没有exp_full_database，所以这样的导出会报错，你可以选择授权或者使用有权限的用户
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=empExport: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 13:48:19 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing optionsORA-39002: invalid operationORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.ORA-39145: directory object parameter must be specified and non-null

[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 13:58:14 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

SQL> grant exp_full_database to scott;Grant succeeded.
SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

授权之后，导出成功，并且导出的文件和日志会到DATA_PUMP_DIR对象指定的目录[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 13:58:52 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing optionsStarting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=empEstimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KBProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rowsMaster table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is: /u01/app/oracle/admin/tj01/dpdump/emp.dmpJob "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 13:59:05

对于oracle11g来说，我们还可以定义一个新的目录对象，对象名称是DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCHEMA_NAME,如果定义了这个目录对象，并授予权限，在用户导出没有指定
具体的目录参数的情况下，导出文件会到这个目录
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ mkdir sdir[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 14:13:06 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

SQL> create directory data_pump_dir_scott as '/home/oracle/sdir';Directory created.
SQL> grant read,write on directory data_pump_dir_scott to scott;Grant succeeded.
SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp1.dmp tables=emp

Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 14:14:29 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing optionsDatabase Directory Object has defaulted to: "DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCOTT".Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** dumpfile=emp5.dmp tables=empEstimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KBProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rowsMaster table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is: /home/oracle/sdir/emp1.dmpJob "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:14:34

二、如果设定了环境变量DATA_PUMP_DIR的话，环境变量会覆盖缺省设置[oracle@asm11g ~]$ mkdir udir[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 13:59:15 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options
SQL> create directory udir as '/home/oracle/udir';Directory created.
SQL> grant write ,read on directory udir to scott;Grant succeeded.
SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

注意，在定义环境变量的时候，后面的值要用大写[oracle@asm11g ~]$ export DATA_PUMP_DIR=udir[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp2.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 14:05:07 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing optionsORA-39002: invalid operationORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.ORA-39087: directory name udir is invalid

[oracle@asm11g ~]$ export DATA_PUMP_DIR=UDIR[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp2.dmp tables=empExport: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 14:05:23 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing optionsDatabase Directory Object has defaulted to: "UDIR".Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** dumpfile=emp3.dmp tables=empEstimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KBProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rowsMaster table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is: /home/oracle/udir/emp2.dmpJob "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:05:29

三、如果导出时定义了参数directory，会使用参数指定的目录[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=udir tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 14:07:33 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing optionsStarting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=udir tables=empEstimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KBProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rowsMaster table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is: /home/oracle/udir/expdat.dmpJob "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:07:41

四、如果每个文件都指定了具体的目录的话，会以文件定义的目录为准[oracle@asm11g ~]$ mkdir userdir[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 14:09:58 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

SQL> create or replace directory userdir as '/home/oracle/userdir';Directory created.
SQL> grant read,write on directory userdir to scott;Grant succeeded.
SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=userdir:emp3.dmp logfile=userdir:test.log tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 14:12:38 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing optionsDatabase Directory Object has defaulted to: "UDIR".Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** dumpfile=userdir:emp4.dmp logfile=userdir:test.log tables=empEstimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KBProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINTProcessing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rowsMaster table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is: /home/oracle/userdir/emp3.dmpJob "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:12:44

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