创建ASM With Oracle 10G

由于后文会相关的演示操作会用到ASM实例，因此在文章的开始就先创建一个简单的ASM实例，后面再开始详细的介绍ASM。
下面是创建一个ASM Instance的具体操作过程：
创建ASM实例的相关目录
[oracle@gtser1~]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/+ASM/bdump
[oracle@gtser1~]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/+ASM/cdump
[oracle@gtser1~]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/+ASM/hdump
[oracle@gtser1~]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/+ASM/pfile
[oracle@gtser1~]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/+ASM/udump
准备pfile的初始化参数
[oracle@gtser1~]$ vi /tmp/init+ASM.ora
INSTANCE_TYPE=ASM
"/tmp/init+ASM.ora"6L, 225C 已写入
[oracle@gtser1~]$ cat /tmp/init+ASM.ora
INSTANCE_TYPE=ASM
*.instance_name='+ASM'
*.asm_diskstring='/dev/raw/raw*'
background_dump_dest=/u01/oracle/10g/admin/+ASM/bdump
core_dump_dest=/u01/oracle/10g/admin/+ASM/cdump
user_dump_dest=/u01/oracle/10g/admin/+ASM/udump
启动ASM实例
[oracle@gtser1~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@gtser1~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus:Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Feb 23 15:20:17 2013

Copyright(c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All RightsReserved.

Connectedto an idle instance.

SQL>startup pfile='/tmp/init+ASM.ora'
ASMinstance started

TotalSystem Global Area 125829120 bytes
FixedSize 2094512 bytes
VariableSize 98568784 bytes
ASMCache 25165824 bytes
ORA-15110:no diskgroups mounted

创建spfile
SQL>create spfile from pfile;
createspfile from pfile
*
ERROR atline 1:
ORA-01078:failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109:could not open parameter file
'/u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/init+ASM.ora'

SQL>create spfile from pfile='/tmp/init+ASM.ora';

Filecreated.
查看实例信息
SQL>select instance_name,host_name,version,database_status from v$instance;

INSTAHOST_NAM VERSION DATABASE
------------- ---------- --------
+ASM gtser1 10.2.0.5.0 ACTIVE
查看磁盘信息
GROUP_NUMBERDISK_NUMBER NAME HEADER_STATUS FAILGROUP CREATE_DATE PATH
----------------------- ----- ------------------------ --------- ----------------------------
0 0 CANDIDATE /dev/raw/raw4
0 1 CANDIDATE /dev/raw/raw2
0 2 CANDIDATE /dev/raw/raw3
0 0 CANDIDATE /dev/raw/raw1
查看磁盘组信息
SQL>select group_number,name,state,type,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup orderby 1,2;

no rowsselected

SQL>exit
Disconnectedfrom Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bitProduction
With thePartitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
在OS查看相关进程
[oracle@gtser1~]$ ps -ef | grep asm
oracle 3323 1 0 15:20 ? 00:00:00 asm_pmon_+ASM
oracle 3325 1 0 15:20 ? 00:00:00 asm_psp0_+ASM
oracle 3327 1 0 15:20 ? 00:00:00 asm_mman_+ASM
oracle 3329 1 0 15:20 ? 00:00:00 asm_dbw0_+ASM
oracle 3331 1 0 15:20 ? 00:00:00 asm_lgwr_+ASM
oracle 3333 1 0 15:20 ? 00:00:00 asm_ckpt_+ASM
oracle 3335 1 0 15:20 ? 00:00:00 asm_smon_+ASM
oracle 3337 1 0 15:20 ? 00:00:00 asm_rbal_+ASM
oracle 3339 1 0 15:20 ? 00:00:00 asm_gmon_+ASM
oracle 3361 3256 0 15:28 pts/1 00:00:00 grep asm
[oracle@gtser1~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus:Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Sat Feb 23 15:30:12 2013

Copyright(c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All RightsReserved.

Connectedto:
OracleDatabase 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With thePartitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>show parameter spfile;

NAME TYPE
----------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
spfile string

SQL>startup force;
ASMinstance started

TotalSystem Global Area 125829120 bytes
FixedSize 2094512 bytes
VariableSize 98568784 bytes
ASMCache 25165824 bytes
ORA-15110:no diskgroups mounted

SQL>show parameter spfile;

NAME TYPE
----------------------------------------------------------
VALUE
------------------------------
spfile string
/u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0
/db_1/dbs/spfile+ASM.ora
SQL>exit
Disconnectedfrom Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bitProduction
With thePartitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
创建密码文件
[oracle@gtser1~]$ orapwd file=/u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapw+ASM password=000000enter=5
Usage:orapwd file=<fname> entries=<users> force=<y/n>ignorecase=<y/n> nosysdba=<y/n>

where
file - name of password file (required),
password - password for SYS will beprompted if not specified at command line,
entries - maximum number of distinct DBA(optional),
force - whether to overwrite existing file(optional),
ignorecase - passwords are case-insensitive(optional),
nosysdba - whether to shut out the SYSDBAlogon (optional Database Vault only).

There must be no spaces around the equal-to(=) character.
[oracle@gtser1~]$ orapwd file=/u01/oracle/10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapw+ASMpassword=000000 entries=5
创建磁盘组，创建名为data01的外部冗余的磁盘组，用于存放数据文件
SQL>create diskgroup data01 external redundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw1' name disk1;

Diskgroupcreated.
将raw2添加到data01磁盘组
SQL>alter diskgroup data01 add disk '/dev/raw/raw2' name d2;

Diskgroupaltered.
创建磁盘组，创建名为fra的外部冗余的磁盘组，用于FRA
SQL>create diskgroup fra external redundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw3' name d3, '/dev/raw/raw4'name d4;

Diskgroupcreated.
SQL>select group_number,disk_number,name,header_status,failgroup,create_date,pathfrom v$asm_disk order by 1,2;

GROUP_NUMBERDISK_NUMBER NAME HEADER_STATUS FAILGROUP CREATE_DATE PATH
----------------------- ------ ------------------------ --------- ----------------------------
1 0 DISK1 MEMBER DISK1 23-FEB-13 /dev/raw/raw1
1 1 D2 MEMBER D2 24-FEB-13 /dev/raw/raw2
2 0 D3 MEMBER D3 24-FEB-13 /dev/raw/raw3
2 1 D4 MEMBER D4 24-FEB-13 /dev/raw/raw4

SQL>select group_number,name,state,type,total_mb,free_mb,usable_file_mb,required_mirror_free_mbfrom v$asm_diskgroup order by 1,2;

GROUP_NUMBERNAME STATE TYPE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB USABLE_FILE_MBREQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB
------------------ ------------ -------- ----------- ----------- -------------------------------------
1 DATA01 MOUNTED EXTERN 2048.00 1996.00 1996 0
2 FRA MOUNTED EXTERN 2048.00 1996.00 1996 0

其他一些语法：
SQL> create diskgroup group_high highredundancy

2 failgroup fg1 disk '/dev/raw/raw1' name d1

3 failgroup fg2 disk '/dev/raw/raw2' name d2

4 failgroup fg3 disk '/dev/raw/raw3' name d3;

Diskgroup created.

SQL> create diskgroup group_normal normalredundancy

2 failgroup fg4 disk '/dev/raw/raw4' name d4

3 failgroup fg5 disk '/dev/raw/raw5' name d5;

Diskgroup created.

SQL> create diskgroup group_external externalredundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw6';

Diskgroup created.

SQL> drop diskgroup group_external;

Diskgroup dropped.

SQL> alter diskgroup group_normal add disk'/dev/raw/raw6' name d61;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> alter diskgroup group_normal resize diskd61 size 150m;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> alter diskgroup group_normal drop diskd61;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> alter diskgroup group_normal addfailgroup fg5 disk '/dev/raw/raw6' name d6;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> alter diskgroup group_high dismount;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> alter diskgroup all dismount;

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> alter diskgroup all mount;

Diskgroup altered.

ASM目录和别名

SQL> alter diskgroup group_normal adddirectory '+group_normal/mydir';

Diskgroup altered.

SQL> alter diskgroup group_normal add alias'+group_normal/gt10g/datafile/gtlions01.dbf' for'+group_normal/gt10g/datafile/GTLIONS.256.807383189';

Diskgroup altered.