SQLServer 表结构相关查询（快速了解数据库）

--	表结构查询
SELECT   
    表名       = case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end,  
    表说明     = case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,'') else '' end,  
    字段序号   = a.colorder,  
    字段名     = a.name,  
    标识       = case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else '' end,  
    主键       = case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype='PK' and parent_obj=a.id and name in (  
                     SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in( SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid))) then '√' else '' end,  
    类型       = b.name,  
    占用字节数 = a.length,  
    长度       = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION'),  
    小数位数   = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0),  
    允许空     = case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end,  
    默认值     = isnull(e.text,''),  
    字段说明   = isnull(g.[value],'')  
FROM syscolumns a left join systypes b   
on a.xusertype=b.xusertype  
inner join sysobjects d   
on a.id=d.id  and d.xtype='U' and  d.name<>'dtproperties'  
left join syscomments e   
on a.cdefault=e.id  
left join sys.extended_properties   g   
on a.id=g.major_id and a.colid=g.minor_id    
left join sys.extended_properties f  
on d.id=f.major_id and f.minor_id=0  
where d.name='tableName'    --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件  
order by a.id,a.colorder

--查看数据库中所有外键
select oMain.name  AS  [主表名称]
,oSub.name  AS  [子表名称]
,fk.name AS  [外键名称]
,MainCol.name AS [主表列名]
,SubCol.name AS [子表列名]
from sys.foreign_keys fk  
JOIN sys.all_objects oSub  ON (fk.parent_object_id = oSub.object_id)
JOIN sys.all_objects oMain ON (fk.referenced_object_id = oMain.object_id)
JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns fkCols ON (fk.object_id = fkCols.constraint_object_id)
JOIN sys.columns SubCol ON (oSub.object_id = SubCol.object_id  
    AND fkCols.parent_column_id = SubCol.column_id)
JOIN sys.columns MainCol ON (oMain.object_id = MainCol.object_id  
    AND fkCols.referenced_column_id = MainCol.column_id)

--  查看表中的自增列是否为主键
SELECT
表名= D.NAME, 
列名= A.NAME,
是否自增= CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY( A.ID,A.NAME, 'ISIDENTITY ')=1 THEN '√'ELSE '' END,
主键= CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM SYSOBJECTS WHERE XTYPE= 'PK ' AND PARENT_OBJ=A.ID AND NAME IN (
    SELECT NAME FROM SYSINDEXES WHERE INDID IN(
    SELECT INDID FROM SYSINDEXKEYS WHERE ID = A.ID AND COLID=A.COLID))) THEN '√' ELSE '' END
FROM SYSCOLUMNS A
LEFT JOIN SYSTYPES B ON A.XUSERTYPE=B.XUSERTYPE
INNER JOIN SYSOBJECTS D ON A.ID=D.ID AND D.XTYPE= 'U' AND D.NAME <> 'DTPROPERTIES '
where  COLUMNPROPERTY( A.ID,A.NAME, 'ISIDENTITY ')=1

--各表对象下的其他对象
select t1.[object_id],t1.[type],t1.name,t2.[object_id],t2.[type],t2.name
from sys.objects t1
inner join sys.objects t2 on t1.[object_id]=t2.parent_object_id
order by t1.[type],t1.name,t2.[type],t2.name

select t1.id,t1.xtype,t1.name,t2.id,t2.xtype,t2.name
from sys.sysobjects t1
inner join sys.sysobjects t2 on t1.id=t2.parent_obj
order by t1.xtype,t1.name,t2.xtype,t2.name

--查看数据库约束
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName,name,definition
FROM sys.default_constraints ORDER BY TableName,name

--表各列约束
select OBJECT_NAME(t2.object_id) as TabName,t2.name as ColumnName,t1.name as [Constraint]
from sys.default_constraints t1
inner join sys.columns t2 
on t1.parent_object_id=t2.object_id and t1.parent_column_id=t2.column_id
order by TabName,ColumnName,[Constraint]

--	当前数据库文件增长设置情况
SELECT Name, FileName
, CAST((Size * 8 / 1024) AS varchar(10)) + 'MB' AS FileSize
, MaxSize = CASE MaxSize WHEN -1 THEN 'Unlimited' ELSE CAST((Maxsize / 128) AS varchar(10)) + 'MB' END 
FROM sys.sysfiles;

--	所有数据库文件增长设置情况
select DB_NAME(database_id) as dbName,file_id,(size*8/1024)  as [size(mb)]
,case when is_percent_growth = 1 then '10%' else CONVERT(varchar(10),growth*8/1024)+'M' end as growth
,type_desc,physical_name 
from sys.master_files 
where state = 0 --and database_id=DB_id()

--数据库的一些关键属性
SELECT db.[name] AS [Database Name], db.recovery_model_desc AS [Recovery Model],  
db.log_reuse_wait_desc AS [Log Reuse Wait Description],  
ls.cntr_value AS [Log Size (KB)], lu.cntr_value AS [Log Used (KB)],  
CAST(CAST(lu.cntr_value AS FLOAT) / CAST(ls.cntr_value AS FLOAT)AS DECIMAL(18,2)) *  
100 AS [Log Used %], db.[compatibility_level] AS [DB Compatibility Level],  
db.page_verify_option_desc AS [Page Verify Option], db.is_auto_create_stats_on,  
db.is_auto_update_stats_on, db.is_auto_update_stats_async_on,  
db.is_parameterization_forced,  
db.snapshot_isolation_state_desc, db.is_read_committed_snapshot_on,  
is_auto_shrink_on, is_auto_close_on  
FROM sys.databases AS db WITH (NOLOCK)  
INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_performance_counters AS lu WITH (NOLOCK)  
ON db.name = lu.instance_name  
INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_performance_counters AS ls WITH (NOLOCK)  
ON db.name = ls.instance_name  
WHERE lu.counter_name LIKE N'Log File(s) Used Size (KB)%'  
AND ls.counter_name LIKE N'Log File(s) Size (KB)%'  
AND ls.cntr_value > 0 OPTION (RECOMPILE);

--最近一周内数据库备份情况
SELECT user_name AS [User]
,server_name AS [Server]
,database_name AS [Database]
,recovery_model AS RecoveryModel 
,case type when 'D' then '数据库'
	when 'I' then '差异数据库'
	when 'L' then '日志'
	when 'F' then '文件或文件组'
	when 'G' then '差异文件'
	when 'P' then '部分'
	when 'Q' then '差异部分' else type end as [backupType]
,convert(numeric(10,2),backup_size/1024/1024) as [Size(M)]
,backup_start_date AS backupStartTime
,backup_finish_date as backupFinishTime
,name 
,expiration_date 
from msdb.dbo.backupset 
where backup_start_date >= DATEADD(D,-7,GETDATE())

--  作业启用情况和所有者
select a.job_id,a.name,a.enabled,b.name
from msdb.dbo.sysjobs a
inner join master.sys.syslogins b on a.owner_sid=b.sid and a.owner_sid<>'0x01'
order by a.name

--  更改作业所有者
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_update_job @job_id=N'job_id', @owner_login_name=N'sa'

--	索引 主键/类型/列 情况
;with tb as(
SELECT tbl.name AS TableName,i.name AS IndexName,clmns.name AS ColumName,i.is_primary_key AS isPrimaryKey,i.type_desc
FROM sys.tables AS tbl  
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON (i.index_id > 0 and i.is_hypothetical = 0) AND (i.object_id=tbl.object_id)  
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON (ic.column_id > 0   
    AND (ic.key_ordinal > 0 or ic.partition_ordinal = 0 or ic.is_included_column != 0))   
    AND (ic.index_id=CAST(i.index_id AS int) AND ic.object_id=i.object_id)  
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id = ic.object_id and clmns.column_id = ic.column_id  
WHERE SCHEMA_NAME(tbl.schema_id) = N'dbo'
)
SELECT DISTINCT TableName,IndexName,isPrimaryKey,type_desc
,STUFF((SELECT ','+ColumName FROM tb B WHERE A.TableName=B.TableName AND A.IndexName=B.IndexName FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'') AS ColumName    
FROM tb A ORDER BY TableName,IndexName,isPrimaryKey,type_desc

--表主键对应的列 
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(C.id) AS TAB,B.name,A.name AS PrimaryKey ,E.type_desc,fill_factor  
FROM SYSCOLUMNS A,SYSOBJECTS B,SYSINDEXES C,SYSINDEXKEYS D , SYS.INDEXES E  
WHERE B.xtype = 'PK'    
AND B.parent_obj = A.id     
AND C.id = A.id     
AND B.name = C.name     
AND D.id = A.id     
AND D.indid = C.indid    
AND A.colid = D.colid  
AND B.name=E.name  
ORDER BY TAB,B.name,PrimaryKey 

SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE 
WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(CONSTRAINT_NAME),'ISPRIMARYKEY')=1 
--AND TABLE_NAME='TABLE_NAME'

--	查看表分区情况
select OBJECT_NAME(object_id) as tab,COUNT(partition_number) as part 
from sys.partitions 
where index_id in(0,1)
and OBJECT_NAME(object_id) not like 'conflict%'
and OBJECT_NAME(object_id) not like 'sys%'
group by object_id order by tab

--	查看表备注信息
select distinct 
 表名 = case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end
,表说明 = case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,'') else '' end
from syscolumns a 
inner join sysobjects d on a.id=d.id  and d.xtype='U' and  d.name<>'dtproperties' 
inner join sys.extended_properties f  on d.id=f.major_id
where f.minor_id=0 
--and CHARINDEX('',convert(varchar(max),f.value))<>0

--	查看表中各列的属性及创建扩展属性脚本（默认架构dbo）
select o.name,c.name,p.name,p.value
,N'EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'''+p.name+ N''', @value=N'''+convert(nvarchar(4000),p.value)
+N''' , @level0type=N''SCHEMA'',@level0name=N''dbo'', @level1type=N''TABLE'',@level1name=N'''
+o.name+ N''', @level2type=N''COLUMN'',@level2name=N'''+c.name+ N'''' as script_addextendedproperty
from sys.sysobjects o 
inner join sys.syscolumns c on o.id = c.id
inner join sys.extended_properties p on c.id=p.major_id and c.colid=p.minor_id   
where o.xtype = N'U' --and o.name = 'tableName'

-- 查看对象定义脚本  
exec sp_helptext 'object_name'  
  
SELECT * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE = 'FUNCTION' AND ROUTINE_NAME=''  
SELECT * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE' AND ROUTINE_NAME=''  
SELECT * from sys.sql_modules M WHERE EXISTS(SELECT * from sys.triggers T WHERE M.object_id=T.object_id)

SELECT o.name,o.type,o.create_date,o.modify_date,sm.definition  
FROM sys.sql_modules sm inner join sys.objects o on sm.object_id=o.object_id  
ORDER BY o.type,o.name  
  
SELECT * from sys.sql_modules   
SELECT * from sys.all_sql_modules   
SELECT * from sys.system_sql_modules