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Java图形界面设计

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一、总述

Java的图形用户界面由各种组件（component）构成，它们主要位于java.awt包与javax.swing包中。Swing与AWT最大的不同是，Swing在实现时，不包含任何本地代码(native)，是一种“轻量级(lightweight)”的组件

Swing具有状态的组件。

二、容器

1.顶层容器：

JFrame、JApplet、JDialog 和 JWindow

2.JFrame创建的一个程序

2.1代码

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import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class JFrameDemo{

public static void main(String args[]){

JFrame frame = new JFrame("JFrameDemo");

JButton button = new JButton("Press Me");

//first way to do that

// frame.getContentPane().add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);

//another way to set the Pane

JPanel contentPane = new JPanel();

contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());

contentPane.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);

frame.setContentPane(contentPane);

//frame.pack();

frame.setVisible(true);

}

}

2.2执行结果

3.面板（JPanel）

可以相互嵌套，不能独立存在，只能添加到其他窗口内部。

3.1代码

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import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class FrameWithPanel{

public static void main(String args[]){

JFrame frame = new JFrame("Frame with Panel");

Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();

contentPane.setBackground(Color.CYAN);

JPanel panel = new JPanel();

panel.setBackground(Color.yellow);

JButton button = new JButton("Press me");

panel.add(button);

//add JButton instance to JPanel

//add JPanel instance to JFrame's south

contentPane.add(panel,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

frame.setSize(300,200);

frame.setVisible(true);

}

}

3.2执行结果

三、布局

1.总述

组件的布局（包括位置与大小）通常由Layout Manager负责安排。Java平台提供了多种布局管理器，以下对其部分，进行说明。

2.FlowLayout Layout Manager

2.1FlowLayout 的三种构造方法

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public FlowLayout()

public FlowLayout(int align)

public FlowLayout(int align,int hgap,int vgap)

构造方法中，提供了一个对齐方式的可选项align，取值有三种形式：FlowLayout.LEFT、 FlowLayout.CENTER 、FlowLayout.RIGHT。hgap和vgap可以设定组件的水平间距和垂直距离。

2.2参考代码

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import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class FlowLayoutDemo{

private JFrame frame;

private JButton btn1,btn2,btn3;

public static void main(String args[]){

FlowLayoutDemo that = new FlowLayoutDemo();

that.go();

}

public void go(){

frame = new JFrame("Flow Layout");

Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();

contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

btn1 = new JButton("OK");

btn2 = new JButton("Open");

btn3 = new JButton("Close");

contentPane.add(btn1);

contentPane.add(btn2);

contentPane.add(btn3);

frame.setSize(300,200);

frame.setVisible(true);

}

}

2.3执行结果

改变Frame的大小，Frame中组件的布局也会随之改变。

3.BorderLayout 布局管理器

3.1概述

BorderLayout是顶层窗口中内容窗格的默认布局管理器，被划分为BorderLayout.NORTH、BorderLayout.SOUTH、BorderLayout.WEST、BorderLayout.EAST、BorderLayout.CENTER 五个区域。

3.2构造函数

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BorderLayout()

BorderLayout(int,int)

3.3示例代码

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import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class BorderLayoutDemo{

private JFrame frame;

private JButton be,bw,bn,bs,bc;

public static void main(String args[]){

BorderLayoutDemo that = new BorderLayoutDemo();

that.go();

}

public void go(){

frame = new JFrame("Border Layout");

be = new JButton("East");

bw = new JButton("West");

bn = new JButton("North");

bs = new JButton("South");

bc = new JButton("Center");

frame.getContentPane().add(be,"East");

frame.getContentPane().add(bw,BorderLayout.WEST);

frame.getContentPane().add(bn,BorderLayout.NORTH);

frame.getContentPane().add(bs,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

frame.getContentPane().add(bc,BorderLayout.CENTER);

frame.setSize(350,200);

frame.setVisible(true);

}

}

3.4执行结果

4.GridLayout布局管理器

4.1总述

是一种网格式的布局管理器，将窗口空间分割成若干行，乘若干列的网格。组件依次放入，占一格。

4.2构造函数

public GridLayout()

public GridLayout(int rows, int cols)

public GridLayout(int rows, int cols, int hgap, int vgap)

4.3参考代码

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import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class GridLayoutDemo{

private JFrame frame;

private JButton b1,b2,b3,b4,b5,b6;

public static void main(String args[]){

GridLayoutDemo that = new GridLayoutDemo();

that.go();

}

public void go(){

frame = new JFrame("Grid Frame");

Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();

contentPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

b1 = new JButton("grid_1");

b2 = new JButton("grid_2");

b3 = new JButton("grid_3");

b4 = new JButton("grid_4");

b5 = new JButton("grid_5");

b6 = new JButton("grid_6");

contentPane.add(b1);

contentPane.add(b2);

contentPane.add(b3);

contentPane.add(b4);

contentPane.add(b5);

contentPane.add(b6);

frame.pack();

frame.setVisible(true);

}

}

4.4执行结果

5.CardLayout 布局管理器

5.1总述

是一种卡片式的布局管理器，它将容器中的组件处理成一系列卡片，每一时刻只显示出其中一张。

5.2参考代码：

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import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

public class CardLayoutDemo extends MouseAdapter{

JPanel p1,p2,p3,p4,p5;

JLabel l1, l2, l3, l4, l5;

//declare a Cardlayout object

CardLayout myCard;

JFrame frame;

Container contentPane;

public static void main(String args[]){

CardLayoutDemo that = new CardLayoutDemo();

that.go();

System.out.println("test");

}

public void go(){

frame = new JFrame("Card Test");

contentPane = frame.getContentPane();

myCard = new CardLayout();

contentPane.setLayout(myCard);

p1=new JPanel();

p2 = new JPanel();

p3 = new JPanel();

p4 = new JPanel();

p5 = new JPanel();

//set the different bk color for each JPanel label

l1 = new JLabel("This is the first JPanel");

p1.add(l1);

p1.setBackground(Color.yellow);

l2 = new JLabel("This is the second JPanel");

p2.add(l2);

p2.setBackground(Color.green);

l3 = new JLabel("This is the third JPanel");

p3.add(l3);

p3.setBackground(Color.magenta);

l4 = new JLabel("This is the forth JPanel");

p4.add(l4);

p4.setBackground(Color.white);

l5 = new JLabel("This is the fifth JPanel");

p5.add(l5);

p5.setBackground(Color.cyan);

//set mouseListener

p1.addMouseListener(this);

p2.addMouseListener(this);

p3.addMouseListener(this);

p4.addMouseListener(this);

p5.addMouseListener(this);

//set each JPanle as a Card to insert frame

contentPane.add(p1,"First");

contentPane.add(p2,"Sencond");

contentPane.add(p3,"Third");

contentPane.add(p4,"Forth");

contentPane.add(p5,"Fifth");

//display the first pic

myCard.show(contentPane,"First");

frame.setSize(300,200);

frame.show();

}

public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){

myCard.next(contentPane);

}

}

5.2执行结果

6.BoxLayout布局管理器

6.1总述

将容器中的组件，按水平排成一行，或按垂直方向排成一列。

6.2构造函数

BoxLayout(Container target, int axis)

axis = BoxLayout.X_AXIS | BoxLayout.Y_AXIS

6.3参考代码

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import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class BoxLayoutDemo{

 private JFrame frame;

 private JPanel pv,ph;

 public static void main(String args[]){

 BoxLayoutDemo that = new BoxLayoutDemo();

 that.go();

 }

 public void go(){

 frame = new JFrame("Box Layout example");

 Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();

 pv = new JPanel();

 pv.setLayout(new BoxLayout(pv,BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));

 pv.add(new JLabel("Monday"));

 pv.add(new JLabel("Tuesday"));

 pv.add(new JLabel("Wednesday"));

 pv.add(new JLabel("Thursday"));

 pv.add(new JLabel("Friday"));

 pv.add(new JLabel("Saturday"));

 pv.add(new JLabel("Sunday"));

 contentPane.add(pv,BorderLayout.CENTER);

 ph = new JPanel();

 ph.setLayout(new BoxLayout(ph,BoxLayout.X_AXIS));

 ph.add(new JButton("Yes"));

 ph.add(new JButton("No"));

 ph.add(new JButton("Cancle"));

 contentPane.add(ph,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

 frame.pack();

 frame.setVisible(true);

 }

}

6.4执行结果

6.5专门使用BoxLayout的特殊容器—Box类

6.5.1创建实例的静态方法

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public static Box createHorizontalBox()

public static Box createVerticalBox()

6.5.2｜6.3的代码，改写如下

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//the specific Box class for BoxLayout Container

import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class BoxDemo{

private JFrame frame;

private Box bv,bh;

public static void main(String arg[]){

BoxDemo that = new BoxDemo();

that.go();

}

void go(){

frame = new JFrame("Box Layout example");

Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();

bv = Box.createVerticalBox();

bv.add(new JLabel("Monday"));

bv.add(new JLabel("Tuesday"));

bv.add(new JLabel("Wednesday"));

bv.add(new JLabel("Thursday"));

bv.add(new JLabel("Friday"));

bv.add(new JLabel("Saturday"));

bv.add(new JLabel("Sunday"));

contentPane.add(bv,BorderLayout.CENTER);

bh = Box.createHorizontalBox();

bh.add(new JButton("Yes"));

bh.add(new JButton("No"));

bh.add(new JButton("Cancel"));

contentPane.add(bh,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

frame.setSize(300,200);

//frame.pack();

frame.setVisible(true);

}

}

6.6Box类提供的创建不可组件方法

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public static Component createHorizontalGlue()

public static Component createHorizontalStrut(int width)

public static Component createVerticalGlue()

public static Component createVerticalStrut(int height)

public static Component createRigidArea(Dimension d)

6.6.1参考代码

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//to create invisible component

import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class GlueAndStrut{

private JFrame frame;

private Box b1,b2,b3,b4;

public static void main(String args[]){

GlueAndStrut that = new GlueAndStrut();

that.go();

}

void go(){

frame = new JFrame("Glue And Strut");

Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();

contentPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1));

b1 = Box.createHorizontalBox();

b1.add(new JLabel("Box 1:"));

b1.add(new JButton("Yes"));

b1.add(new JButton("No"));

b1.add(new JButton("Cancel"));

b2 = Box.createHorizontalBox();

b2.add(new JLabel("Box 2:"));

b2.add(new JButton("Yes"));

b2.add(new JButton("No"));

b2.add(Box.createHorizontalGlue());

b2.add(new JButton("Cancel"));

b3 = Box.createHorizontalBox();

b3.add(new JLabel("Box 3:"));

b3.add(new JButton("Yes"));

b3.add(new JButton("No"));

b3.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(20));

b3.add(new JButton("Cancel"));

b4 = Box.createHorizontalBox();

b4.add(new JLabel("Box 4:"));

b4.add(new JButton("Yes"));

b4.add(new JButton("No"));

b4.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(10,10)));

b4.add(new JButton("Cancel"));

contentPane.add(b1);

contentPane.add(b2);

contentPane.add(b3);

contentPane.add(b4);

frame.setSize(300,200);

frame.setVisible(true);

}

}

6.6.2执行结果

7.不使用布局管理器

7.1一般做法

a.setLayout(null)将布局管理器设置为空

b.setBounds(int x,int y,int width,int height) 设置组件的位置与大小

7.2参考代码

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import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class NullLayoutDemo{

private JFrame frame;

private JButton b1,b2,b3;

public static void main(String args[]){

NullLayoutDemo that = new NullLayoutDemo();

that.go();

}

private void go(){

frame = new JFrame("Null Layout Demo");

Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();

//set the layout as null;

contentPane.setLayout(null);

//add the buttons

b1 = new JButton("Yes");

contentPane.add(b1);

b2 = new JButton("No");

contentPane.add(b2);

b3 = new JButton("Cancel");

contentPane.add(b3);

//set the buttons' pos and size;

b1.setBounds(30,15,75,20);

b2.setBounds(150,15,75,50);

b3.setBounds(150,100,75,20);

frame.setSize(300,200);

frame.setVisible(true);

}

}

7.3执行结果

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