AJAX(XMLHttpRequest)进行跨域请求方法详解(三)
2012-10-18 11:20
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注意:以下代码请在Firefox 3.5、Chrome 3.0、Safari 4之后的版本中进行测试。IE8的实现方法与其他浏览不同。
3,带验证信息的请求
身份验证是Web开发中经常遇到的问题,在跨域请求中,默认情况下是不发送验证信息的。要想发送验证信息,需要进行withCredentials 属性,下面就是一个简单请求的例子:
[xhtml]
view plaincopyprint?
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>孟宪会之AJAX跨域请求测试</title>
</head>
<body>
<inputtype='button'value='开始测试'onclick='crossDomainRequest()'/>
<divid="content"></div>
<mce:scripttype="text/javascript"><!--
var xhr =new XMLHttpRequest();
var url ='http://dotnet.aspx.cc/RequestsWithCredentials.aspx';
function crossDomainRequest() {
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML ="开始进行请求……";
if (xhr) {
xhr.open('GET', url, true);
xhr.onreadystatechange =handler;
xhr.withCredentials ="true";
xhr.send();
} else {
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML ="不能创建 XMLHttpRequest。";
}
}
function handler(evtXHR) {
if (xhr.readyState == 4) {
if (xhr.status == 200) {
var response =xhr.responseText;
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML ="结果:" + response;
} else {
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML += "<br/>执行状态 status:" + xhr.status;
}
}
else {
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML += "<br/>执行状态 readyState:" + xhr.readyState;
}
}
// --></mce:script>
</body>
</html>
从上面的响应中可以看出,Cookie 是会随请求一起发送的。如果我们多次点击测试按钮,则可以看到请求和响应的结果是这样的:
[xhtml]
view plaincopyprint?
GET /RequestsWithCredentials.aspx HTTP/1.1
Host: dotnet.aspx.cc
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.7) Gecko/20091221 Firefox/3.5.7 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset: GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive: 300
Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801/CrossDomainAjax/RequestsWithCredentials.html Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=fn2zf0zq1cuwgf45fm5fw145;visit=2
HTTP/1.x 200 OK
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 2010 14:13:58 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Set-Cookie: visit=3;expires=Sun,
10-Jan-2010 14:14:28 GMT;path=/
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: -1
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 1
另外,IE8的实现方法与其他浏览器不同。更多内容请参考 XDomainRequest 对象,地址是:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc288060(VS.85).aspx
最后,愿意测试的朋友可以访问这个 http://dotnet.aspx.cc/SimpleCrossSiteRequests.aspx 地址进行“简单请求”的测试,本页面允许任何地址进行跨域访问。(不好意思,个人网站可能被河蟹了)
3,带验证信息的请求
身份验证是Web开发中经常遇到的问题,在跨域请求中,默认情况下是不发送验证信息的。要想发送验证信息,需要进行withCredentials 属性,下面就是一个简单请求的例子:
[xhtml]
view plaincopyprint?
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>孟宪会之AJAX跨域请求测试</title>
</head>
<body>
<inputtype='button'value='开始测试'onclick='crossDomainRequest()'/>
<divid="content"></div>
<mce:scripttype="text/javascript"><!--
var xhr =new XMLHttpRequest();
var url ='http://dotnet.aspx.cc/RequestsWithCredentials.aspx';
function crossDomainRequest() {
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML ="开始进行请求……";
if (xhr) {
xhr.open('GET', url, true);
xhr.onreadystatechange =handler;
xhr.withCredentials ="true";
xhr.send();
} else {
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML ="不能创建 XMLHttpRequest。";
}
}
function handler(evtXHR) {
if (xhr.readyState == 4) {
if (xhr.status == 200) {
var response =xhr.responseText;
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML ="结果:" + response;
} else {
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML += "<br/>执行状态 status:" + xhr.status;
}
}
else {
document.getElementById("content").innerHTML += "<br/>执行状态 readyState:" + xhr.readyState;
}
}
// --></mce:script>
</body>
</html>
[xhtml] view plaincopyprint? GET /RequestsWithCredentials.aspx HTTP/1.1 Host: dotnet.aspx.cc User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.7) Gecko/20091221 Firefox/3.5.7 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 300 Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801/CrossDomainAjax/RequestsWithCredentials.html Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 HTTP/1.x 200 OK Date: Sun, 10 Jan 2010 14:12:26 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true Set-Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=fn2zf0zq1cuwgf45fm5fw145;path=/; HttpOnly Set-Cookie: visit=1;expires=Sun, 10-Jan-2010 14:12:56 GMT;path=/ Cache-Control: no-cache Pragma: no-cache Expires: -1 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 1 GET /RequestsWithCredentials.aspx HTTP/1.1 Host: dotnet.aspx.cc User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.7) Gecko/20091221 Firefox/3.5.7 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate Accept-Charset: GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 Keep-Alive: 300 Connection: keep-alive Referer: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801/CrossDomainAjax/RequestsWithCredentials.html Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 HTTP/1.x 200 OK Date: Sun, 10 Jan 2010 14:12:26 GMT Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0 X-Powered-By: ASP.NET X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727 Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true Set-Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=fn2zf0zq1cuwgf45fm5fw145; path=/; HttpOnly Set-Cookie: visit=1; expires=Sun, 10-Jan-2010 14:12:56 GMT; path=/ Cache-Control: no-cache Pragma: no-cache Expires: -1 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 1
从上面的响应中可以看出,Cookie 是会随请求一起发送的。如果我们多次点击测试按钮,则可以看到请求和响应的结果是这样的:
[xhtml]
view plaincopyprint?
GET /RequestsWithCredentials.aspx HTTP/1.1
Host: dotnet.aspx.cc
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.7) Gecko/20091221 Firefox/3.5.7 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset: GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive: 300
Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801/CrossDomainAjax/RequestsWithCredentials.html Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=fn2zf0zq1cuwgf45fm5fw145;visit=2
HTTP/1.x 200 OK
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 2010 14:13:58 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Set-Cookie: visit=3;expires=Sun,
10-Jan-2010 14:14:28 GMT;path=/
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: -1
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 1
[xhtml] view plaincopyprint? <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>孟宪会之AJAX跨域请求测试</title> </head> <body> <inputtype='button'value='开始测试'onclick='crossDomainRequest()'/> <divid="content"></div> <mce:scripttype="text/javascript"><!-- var xhr =new XDomainRequest(); var url ='http://dotnet.aspx.cc/SimpleCrossSiteRequests.aspx'; function crossDomainRequest() { document.getElementById("content").innerHTML ="开始……"; if (xhr) { xhr.open('GET', url); xhr.onload =handler; xhr.send(); } else { document.getElementById("content").innerHTML ="不能创建 XDomainRequest"; } } function handler(evtXHR) { document.getElementById("content").innerHTML ="结果:" + xhr.responseText; } // --></mce:script> </body> </html> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>孟宪会之AJAX跨域请求测试</title> </head> <body> <input type='button' value='开始测试' onclick='crossDomainRequest()' /> <div id="content"></div> <mce:script type="text/javascript"><!-- var xhr = new XDomainRequest(); var url = 'http://dotnet.aspx.cc/SimpleCrossSiteRequests.aspx'; function crossDomainRequest() { document.getElementById("content").innerHTML = "开始……"; if (xhr) { xhr.open('GET', url); xhr.onload = handler; xhr.send(); } else { document.getElementById("content").innerHTML = "不能创建 XDomainRequest"; } } function handler(evtXHR) { document.getElementById("content").innerHTML = "结果:" + xhr.responseText; } // --></mce:script> </body> </html>
另外,IE8的实现方法与其他浏览器不同。更多内容请参考 XDomainRequest 对象,地址是:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc288060(VS.85).aspx
最后,愿意测试的朋友可以访问这个 http://dotnet.aspx.cc/SimpleCrossSiteRequests.aspx 地址进行“简单请求”的测试,本页面允许任何地址进行跨域访问。(不好意思,个人网站可能被河蟹了)
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