使用 Eclipse 的 Maven 2 插件开发一个 JEE 项目

本文是博客《集成 Maven 2 插件到 Eclipse 的过程》和《将本地开发的 Maven 2 项目部署到 Linux Tomcat 下的步骤》的姊妹篇。本文介绍如何使用已安装好的 Maven 2 插件开发一个 JEE 项目。
1.新建 Maven 项目
Eclipse 的 Package Explorer 视图下右击 -> New -> Maven -> Maven Project -> Next -> Select project name and location 对话框直接点 Next -> Select an Archetype 对话框，Catalog 选择 "All Catalogs"，Filter 选择 Group Id 为 "org.apache.maven.archetypes"、Artifact Id 为 "maven-archetype-quickstart"、Version 为 "1.1" 的那个，点 Next -> Enter an artifact id 对话框，Group Id 输入项目组 "mia"，Artifact Id 输入 "noti-service"(最好是你的项目名)，Version 输入版本号 "1.0.0"，Package 输入主干包名 "com.defonds.noti"，点击 Finish，新的 Maven 项目 noti-service 生成。如下图所示：



2.编辑 pom.xml
根据项目的需要，引入所依赖的包。作者的 pom.xml 示例如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>mia</groupId>
<artifactId>noti-service</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>noti-service</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>3.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<httpClient.version>4.1.3</httpClient.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>

<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- uniform spring version and using new spring MVC annotation begin-->

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- uniform spring version and using new spring MVC annotation end-->

<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.2</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.2</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.ibatis</groupId>
<artifactId>ibatis-sqlmap</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.726</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>commons-exec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-exec</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.19</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>${httpClient.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
<version>${httpClient.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
<version>${httpClient.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.6</version>
</dependency>

<!-- api invoker -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>dom4j</groupId>
<artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
</dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
<failOnError>false</failOnError>
</configuration>
</plugin>

<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<archive>
<addMavenDescriptor>false</addMavenDescriptor>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>

<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>attach-sources</id>
<phase>verify</phase>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>

<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2-beta-1</version>
<configuration>
<descriptors>
<descriptor>assembly.xml</descriptor>
</descriptors>
<appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
</configuration>

<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-assembly</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

3.新建 web.xml
src - main 下新建目录 webapp，webapp 下新建目录 WEB-INF，WEB-INF 下新建 web.xml，如下图所示：



根据项目的实际需要编辑 web.xml，作者的示例如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <display-name>noti-service</display-name>

<context-param>
<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/log4j.properties</param-value>
</context-param>

<context-param>
<param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name>
<param-value>noti-service.root</param-value>
</context-param>

<context-param>
<param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>
<param-value>60000</param-value>
</context-param>

<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<filter>
<filter-name>SetCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SetCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

<!-- Spring MVC see /WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<!-- session timeout, unit: second -->
<session-config>
<session-timeout>120</session-timeout>
</session-config>

</web-app>

4.新建资源目录
src - main 和 src - test 下分别新建 Source Folder 名为 resources：



5.修改 .classpath
切换至 Eclipse 的 Navigator 视图，编辑 noti-service 项目下的 .classpath 文件内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<classpath>
<classpathentry kind="src" path="src/main/java"/>
<classpathentry kind="src" path="src/main/resources"/>
<classpathentry kind="src" path="src/test/java"/>
<classpathentry kind="src" path="src/test/resources"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER"/>
<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.maven.ide.eclipse.MAVEN2_CLASSPATH_CONTAINER"/>
<classpathentry kind="var" path="TOMCAT_HOME/lib/servlet-api.jar"/>
<classpathentry kind="var" path="TOMCAT_HOME/lib/jasper.jar"/>
<classpathentry kind="var" path="TOMCAT_HOME/lib/jsp-api.jar"/>
<classpathentry kind="var" path="TOMCAT_HOME/lib/el-api.jar"/>
<classpathentry kind="var" path="TOMCAT_HOME/lib/annotations-api.jar"/>
<classpathentry kind="output" path="src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes"/>
</classpath>

编辑好保存后，Package Explorer 视图下的 noti-service 如下：



6.部署到 tomcat 下
首先要安装 tomcat 插件，可以参考《集成 Tomcat 插件到 Eclipse 的过程》。
安装好 tomcat 插件后，Package Explorer 视图下右击项目名，点击 Properties 打开 Properties 对话框，Tomcat -> 勾选 Is a Tomcat Project，输入 Context name 内容为 "/noti"，输入 Subdirectory to set as web application root(optional) 内容为 "/src/main/webapp"，(可以参考下图)点击 OK。



这时项目根目录下会有 .tomcatplugin 生成，而 %tomcat%/conf/Catalina/localhost 目录下会有 noti.xml 生成。
7.修改 .tomcatplugin
切换至 Eclipse 的 Navigator 视图，编辑 noti-service 项目下的 .tomcatplugin 文件内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<tomcatProjectProperties>
<rootDir>/src/main/webapp</rootDir>
<exportSource>false</exportSource>
<reloadable>false</reloadable>
<redirectLogger>true</redirectLogger>
<updateXml>true</updateXml>
<warLocation></warLocation>
<extraInfo></extraInfo>
<webPath>/noti</webPath>
<webClassPathEntries>
<webClassPathEntry>/noti-service/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/classes</webClassPathEntry>
<webClassPathEntry>org.maven.ide.eclipse.MAVEN2_CLASSPATH_CONTAINER</webClassPathEntry>
</webClassPathEntries>
</tomcatProjectProperties>

8.断点跟踪
这时，你就可以单击工具栏里的小猫

按钮，对自己的 JEE 项目进行断点跟踪调试了。项目最终截图如下：