RHEL/CentOS 5.x使用yum快速安装部署Nginx+PHP(FastCGI)+MySQL生产环境及优化

下面我总结一种简单而好用的yum安装LNMP的方法，推荐此法安装，适合所有新手和高手！本文永久地址：http://www.ha97.com/3220.html 2012.01.06 新增Nginx官方yum源。

1、先启用 EPEL repo 源

32位系统选择：

rpm -ihv http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
64位系统选择：

rpm -ihv http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
导入key

rpm --import  /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL

2、新建一个.repo文件，加入下面的yum源（此源是一俄罗斯人定期做成rpm包，更新很快！）

# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/centos.alt.ru.repo

放入如下内容

[CentALT]

name=CentALT  Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 -  $basearch

baseurl=http://centos.alt.ru/repository/centos/5/$basearch/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

3、新增Nginx的官方yum源，新建 /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo 源配置文件，输入如下内容：

[nginx]

name=nginx  repo

baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

4、更新系统到最新状态：

yum -y upgrade

如果不想升级内核可以用如下参数：

yum  --exclude=kernel* update

5、yum安装LNMP：

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf nginx mysql mysql-libs mysql-server php-fpm php-cli php-pdo php-mysql php-mcrypt php-mbstring php-gd php-tidy php-xml php-xmlrpc php-soap php-pear php-pecl-memcache php-eaccelerator openssl

6、安装完成后，启动mysql，设置mysql的root密码：

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

mysqladmin -u root password xxx（xxx表示你要设置的密码）

7、设置开机启动：

chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

chkconfig --level  345 php-fpm on

chkconfig --level 345 nginx  on

注：也可以用ntsysv管理服务启动

8、nginx基本配置：所有的配置文件都在/etc目录下，包括 nginx、php-fpm、mysql的配置文件，以下为本站的nginx的配置范例：

# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user nginx nginx;

worker_processes  8;

#这里根据你的CPU核心数量和内存大小，设置2到10都可以。

error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx_error.log crit;

worker_rlimit_nofile  65535;

pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by  this process.

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 2048;

}

http

{

include mime.types;

include conf.d/virtual.conf;

#  这里的虚拟主机设置我分开放到virtual.conf文件，是为了新增站点时方便操作，统一调用，放到/etc/nginx/conf.d目录下

include  conf.d/ssl.conf;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

# 默认编码，可以不设置。

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size  32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay  on;

server_tokens off;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout  300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers  4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size  128k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version  1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript  text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

}

# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/virtual.conf

server

{

listen  80;

server_name www.ha97.com ha97.com www.webnginx.com;

index index.html  index.htm index.php;

root /var/www/html/ha97;

location /nginx-status {

stub_status on;

access_log off;

auth_basic  "NginxStatus";

}

#limit_conn crawler 20;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fastcgi.conf;

}

location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

{

expires 30d;

}

location ~ .*.(js|css)?$

{

expires 1h;

}

location /

{

try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?q=$uri&$args;

}

log_format  access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status  $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent"  $http_x_forwarded_for';

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log access;

}

server

{

listen 80;

server_name bbs.ha97.com www.168pc.cn  168pc.cn;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root  /var/www/html/168pc;

include /var/www/html/168pc/.htaccess;

include  /var/www/html/168pc/bbs/.htaccess;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index  index.php;

include fastcgi.conf;

}

location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$

{

expires 30d;

}

location ~ .*.(js|css)?$

{

expires 1h;

}

log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request"  '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent"  $http_x_forwarded_for';

access_log /var/log/nginx/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;

}

server

{

listen 80;

server_name www.hkbb123.com;

index index.html  index.htm index.php;

root /var/www/html/hkbb123;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index  index.php;

include fastcgi.conf;

}

}

server

{

listen 80;

server_name www.baby97.net;

index  index.html index.htm index.php;

root /var/www/html/baby97;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index  index.php;

include fastcgi.conf;

}

}

9、MySQL主配置文件my.cnf的简单优化：

#取消文件系统的外部锁

skip-locking

#不进行域名反解析,注意由此带来的权限/授权问题

skip-name-resolve

#索引缓存,根据内存大小而定，如果是独立的DB服务器，可以设置最高50%的内存总量；但如果是小内存的VPS，特别是基于Openvz的VPS，建议设置成内存大小的25%左右。

key_buffer = 512M

#连接排队列表总数

back_log = 200

max_allowed_packet = 2M

#打开表缓存总数,可以避免频繁的打开数据表产生的开销

table_cache = 512

#每个线程排序所需的缓冲

sort_buffer_size = 4M

#每个线程读取索引所需的缓冲

read_buffer_size = 4M

#MyISAM表发生变化时重新排序所需的缓冲

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M

#缓存可重用的线程数

thread_cache = 128

#查询结果缓存

query_cache_size = 128M

#设置超时时间,能避免长连接

set-variable = wait_timeout=60

#最大并发线程数,cpu数量*2

thread_concurrency = 4

#记录慢查询,然后对慢查询一一优化

log-slow-queries = slow.log

long_query_time = 1

#关闭不需要的表类型,如果你需要,就不要加上这个

skip-innodb

skip-bdb

10、Linux内核参数优化：

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下内容：

#  Add

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536

net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768

net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608

net.core.rmem_default =  8388608

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries =  2

net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len =  1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans =  3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time =  120

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

运行sysctl -p命令使配置立即生效！

11、使用phpinfo函数查看php环境信息：

vim phpinfo.php 输入如下内容：

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

如果php环境正常，会显示如下的详细信息：





以上基本配置可以在一般生产环境中部署，快速稳定。也是本站的运行环境。当然，还有一些安全配置等等，可以参考本站其他文章。特殊要求的环境请根据实际情况来配置。

参考文档：http://wiki.nginx.org/Install