redis windows下的环境搭建

地址：https://github.com/dmajkic/redis/downloads 下载下来的包里有两个，

一个是32位的，一个是64位的。根据自己的实情情况选择，我的是32bit，

把这个文件夹复制到其它地方，比如D：\redis 目录下。

打开一个cmd窗口 使用cd命令切换目录到d:\redis 运行 redis-server.exe redis.conf

如果想方便的话，可以把redis的路径加到系统的环境变量里，这样就省得再输路径了，后面的那个redis.conf可以省略，如果省略，会启用默认的。输入之后，会显示如下界面：



这时候别启一个cmd窗口，原来的不要关闭，不然就无法访问服务端了

切换到redis目录下运行 redis-cli.exe -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 出现下图：



这时候，就已经完成配置了，现在说下它的的redis.conf配置文件。下面是相关项的说明，

001

# Redis configuration file example

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# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specifiy

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# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:

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#

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# 1k => 1000 bytes

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# 1kb => 1024 bytes

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# 1m => 1000000 bytes

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# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes

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# 1g => 1000000000 bytes

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# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes

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#

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# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.

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# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.

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# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.

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daemonize no

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Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程

019

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# When running daemonized, Redis writes a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid by

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# default. You can specify a custom pid file location here.

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pidfile /var/run/redis.pid

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当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定

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# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379.

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# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.

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port 6379

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指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379

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# If you want you can bind a single interface, if the bind option is not

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# specified all the interfaces will listen for incoming connections.

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#

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# bind 127.0.0.1

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绑定的主机地址

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# Specify the path for the unix socket that will be used to listen for

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# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen

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# on a unix socket when not specified. www.2cto.com

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#

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# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock

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# unixsocketperm 755

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# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)

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timeout 0

042

当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能

043

# Set server verbosity to 'debug'

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# it can be one of:

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# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)

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# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)

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# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)

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# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)

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loglevel verbose

050

指定日志记录级别，Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose

051

# Specify the log file name. Also 'stdout' can be used to force

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# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard

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# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null

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logfile stdout

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日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置Redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null

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# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,

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# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.

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# syslog-enabled no

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# Specify the syslog identity.

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# syslog-ident redis

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# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.

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# syslog-facility local0

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# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select

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# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where

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# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1

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databases 16 www.2cto.com

070

设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用SELECT <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id

071

################################ SNAPSHOTTING #################################

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#

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# Save the DB on disk:

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#

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# save <seconds> <changes>

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#

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# Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given

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# number of write operations against the DB occurred.

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#

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# In the example below the behaviour will be to save:

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# after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed

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# after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed

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# after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed

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#

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# Note: you can disable saving at all commenting all the "save" lines.

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save 900 1

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save 300 10

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save 60 10000

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分别表示900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改，300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。

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指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合

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# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?

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# For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.

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# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but

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# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.

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rdbcompression yes

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指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采用LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大

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# The filename where to dump the DB

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dbfilename dump.rdb

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指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb

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# The working directory.

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#

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# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified

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# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.

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#

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# Also the Append Only File will be created inside this directory.

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#

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# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.

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dir ./

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指定本地数据库存放目录

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################################# REPLICATION #################################

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# Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of

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# another Redis server. Note that the configuration is local to the slave

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# so for example it is possible to configure the slave to save the DB with a

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# different interval, or to listen to another port, and so on. www.2cto.com

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#

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# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

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slaveof <masterip> <masterport> 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的IP地址及端口，在Redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步

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# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration

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# directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before

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# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will

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# refuse the slave request.

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#

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# masterauth <master-password>

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masterauth <master-password> 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码

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# When a slave lost the connection with the master, or when the replication

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# is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:

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#

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# 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will

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# still reply to client requests, possibly with out of data data, or the

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# data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.

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#

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# 2) if slave-serve-stale data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with

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# an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands

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# but to INFO and SLAVEOF.

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#

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slave-serve-stale-data yes

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# Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change

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# this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10

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# seconds. www.2cto.com

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#

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# repl-ping-slave-period 10

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# The following option sets a timeout for both Bulk transfer I/O timeout and

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# master data or ping response timeout. The default value is 60 seconds.

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#

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# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value

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# specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected

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# every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.

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#

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# repl-timeout 60

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################################## SECURITY ###################################

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# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other

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# commands. This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust

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# others with access to the host running redis-server.

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#

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# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most

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# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).

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#

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# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to

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# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should

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# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.

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#

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# requirepass foobared

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requirepass foobared 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过AUTH <password>命令提供密码，默认关闭

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# Command renaming.

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#

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# It is possilbe to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared

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# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something

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# of hard to guess so that it will be still available for internal-use

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# tools but not available for general clients.

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#

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# Example:

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#

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# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52

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#

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# It is also possilbe to completely kill a command renaming it into

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# an empty string:

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#

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# rename-command CONFIG ""

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################################### LIMITS ####################################

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# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default there

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# is no limit, and it's up to the number of file descriptors the Redis process

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# is able to open. The special value '0' means no limits.

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# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending

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# an error 'max number of clients reached'. www.2cto.com

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#

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# maxclients 128

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maxclients 128 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数，如果设置 maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息

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# Don't use more memory than the specified amount of bytes.

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# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys with an

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# EXPIRE set. It will try to start freeing keys that are going to expire

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# in little time and preserve keys with a longer time to live.

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# Redis will also try to remove objects from free lists if possible.

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#

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# If all this fails, Redis will start to reply with errors to commands

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# that will use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue

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# to reply to most read-only commands like GET.

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#

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# WARNING: maxmemory can be a good idea mainly if you want to use Redis as a

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# 'state' server or cache, not as a real DB. When Redis is used as a real

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# database the memory usage will grow over the weeks, it will be obvious if

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# it is going to use too much memory in the long run, and you'll have the time

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# to upgrade. With maxmemory after the limit is reached you'll start to get

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# errors for write operations, and this may even lead to DB inconsistency.

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#

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# maxmemory <bytes>

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maxmemory <bytes>指定Redis最大内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，当此方法处理 后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，但仍然可以进行读取操作。Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区

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# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory

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# is reached? You can select among five behavior:

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#

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# volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm

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# allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm

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# volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set

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# allkeys->random -> remove a random key, any key

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# volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)

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# noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations

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#

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# Note: with all the kind of policies, Redis will return an error on write

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# operations, when there are not suitable keys for eviction.

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#

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# At the date of writing this commands are: set setnx setex append

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# incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd

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# sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby

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# zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby

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# getset mset msetnx exec sort www.2cto.com

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#

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# The default is:

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#

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# maxmemory-policy volatile-lru

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# LRU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated

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# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can select as well the sample

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# size to check. For instance for default Redis will check three keys and

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# pick the one that was used less recently, you can change the sample size

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# using the following configuration directive.

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#

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# maxmemory-samples 3

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############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################

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# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. If you can live

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# with the idea that the latest records will be lost if something like a crash

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# happens this is the preferred way to run Redis. If instead you care a lot

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# about your data and don't want to that a single record can get lost you should

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# enable the append only mode: when this mode is enabled Redis will append

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# every write operation received in the file appendonly.aof. This file will

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# be read on startup in order to rebuild the full dataset in memory.

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#

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# Note that you can have both the async dumps and the append only file if you

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# like (you have to comment the "save" statements above to disable the dumps).

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# Still if append only mode is enabled Redis will load the data from the

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# log file at startup ignoring the dump.rdb file.

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#

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# IMPORTANT: Check the BGREWRITEAOF to check how to rewrite the append

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# log file in background when it gets too big.

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appendonly no

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appendonly no指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no

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# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")

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# appendfilename appendonly.aof

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appendfilename appendonly.aof指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof

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# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk

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# instead to wait for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush

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# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.

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#

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# Redis supports three different modes:

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#

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# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.

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# always: fsync after every write to the append only log . Slow, Safest.

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# everysec: fsync only if one second passed since the last fsync. Compromise.

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#

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# The default is "everysec" that's usually the right compromise between

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# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to

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# "no" that will will let the operating system flush the output buffer when

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# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of

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# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),

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# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than

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# everysec. www.2cto.com

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#

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# If unsure, use "everysec".

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# appendfsync always

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appendfsync everysec

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# appendfsync no

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指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值：

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no：表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快）

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always：表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全）

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everysec：表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值）

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# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background

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# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is

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# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations

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# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for

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# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block

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# our synchronous write(2) call.

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#

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# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option

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# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a

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# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.

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#

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# This means that while another child is saving the durability of Redis is

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# the same as "appendfsync none", that in pratical terms means that it is

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# possible to lost up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the

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# default Linux settings).

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#

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# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as

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# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.

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no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no

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# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.

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# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling

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# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size will growth by the specified percentage.

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#

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# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the

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# latest rewrite (or if no rewrite happened since the restart, the size of

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# the AOF at startup is used).

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#

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# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is

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# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also

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# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this

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# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase

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# is reached but it is still pretty small.

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#

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# Specify a precentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF

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# rewrite feature. www.2cto.com

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auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100

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auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb

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################################## SLOW LOG ###################################

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# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified

339

# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations

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# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,

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# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only

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# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve

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# other requests in the meantime).

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#

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# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis

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# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the

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# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the

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# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the

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# queue of logged commands.

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# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent

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# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while

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# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.

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slowlog-log-slower-than 10000

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# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.

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# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.

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slowlog-max-len 1024

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################################ VIRTUAL MEMORY ###############################

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### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4

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### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.

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### WARNING! Virtual Memory is deprecated in Redis 2.4

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### The use of Virtual Memory is strongly discouraged.

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# Virtual Memory allows Redis to work with datasets bigger than the actual

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# amount of RAM needed to hold the whole dataset in memory.

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# In order to do so very used keys are taken in memory while the other keys

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# are swapped into a swap file, similarly to what operating systems do

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# with memory pages. www.2cto.com

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#

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# To enable VM just set 'vm-enabled' to yes, and set the following three

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# VM parameters accordingly to your needs.

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vm-enabled no

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指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，简单的介绍一下，VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中（在后面的文章我会仔细分析Redis的VM机制）

379

# vm-enabled yes

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# This is the path of the Redis swap file. As you can guess, swap files

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# can't be shared by different Redis instances, so make sure to use a swap

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# file for every redis process you are running. Redis will complain if the

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# swap file is already in use.

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#

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# The best kind of storage for the Redis swap file (that's accessed at random)

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# is a Solid State Disk (SSD).

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#

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# *** WARNING *** if you are using a shared hosting the default of putting

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# the swap file under /tmp is not secure. Create a dir with access granted

391

# only to Redis user and configure Redis to create the swap file there.

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vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap

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虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享

394

# vm-max-memory configures the VM to use at max the specified amount of

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# RAM. Everything that deos not fit will be swapped on disk *if* possible, that

396

# is, if there is still enough contiguous space in the swap file.

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#

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# With vm-max-memory 0 the system will swap everything it can. Not a good

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# default, just specify the max amount of RAM you can in bytes, but it's

400

# better to leave some margin. For instance specify an amount of RAM

401

# that's more or less between 60 and 80% of your free RAM.

402

vm-max-memory 0 www.2cto.com

403

将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0

404

# Redis swap files is split into pages. An object can be saved using multiple

405

# contiguous pages, but pages can't be shared between different objects.

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# So if your page is too big, small objects swapped out on disk will waste

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# a lot of space. If you page is too small, there is less space in the swap

408

# file (assuming you configured the same number of total swap file pages).

409

#

410

# If you use a lot of small objects, use a page size of 64 or 32 bytes.

411

# If you use a lot of big objects, use a bigger page size.

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# If unsure, use the default :)

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vm-page-size 32

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Redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的，作者建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes；如果存储很大大对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不 确定，就使用默认值

415

# Number of total memory pages in the swap file.

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# Given that the page table (a bitmap of free/used pages) is taken in memory,

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# every 8 pages on disk will consume 1 byte of RAM.

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#

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# The total swap size is vm-page-size * vm-pages

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#

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# With the default of 32-bytes memory pages and 134217728 pages Redis will

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# use a 4 GB swap file, that will use 16 MB of RAM for the page table.

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#

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# It's better to use the smallest acceptable value for your application,

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# but the default is large in order to work in most conditions.

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vm-pages 134217728

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设置swap文件中的page数量，由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是在放在内存中的，，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。

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# Max number of VM I/O threads running at the same time.

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# This threads are used to read/write data from/to swap file, since they

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# also encode and decode objects from disk to memory or the reverse, a bigger

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# number of threads can help with big objects even if they can't help with

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# I/O itself as the physical device may not be able to couple with many

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# reads/writes operations at the same time. www.2cto.com

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#

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# The special value of 0 turn off threaded I/O and enables the blocking

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# Virtual Memory implementation.

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vm-max-threads 4

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设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4

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############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################

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# Hashes are encoded in a special way (much more memory efficient) when they

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# have at max a given numer of elements, and the biggest element does not

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# exceed a given threshold. You can configure this limits with the following

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# configuration directives.

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hash-max-zipmap-entries 512

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hash-max-zipmap-value 64

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指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法

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# Similarly to hashes, small lists are also encoded in a special way in order

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# to save a lot of space. The special representation is only used when

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# you are under the following limits:

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list-max-ziplist-entries 512

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list-max-ziplist-value 64

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# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed

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# of just strings that happens to be integers in radix 10 in the range

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# of 64 bit signed integers.

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# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the

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# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.

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set-max-intset-entries 512 www.2cto.com

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# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in

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# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and

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# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:

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zset-max-ziplist-entries 128

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zset-max-ziplist-value 64

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# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in

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# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level

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# keys to values). The hash table implementation redis uses (see dict.c)

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# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into an hash table

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# that is rhashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the

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# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used

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# by the hash table.

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#

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# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to

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# active rehashing the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.

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#

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# If unsure:

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# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is

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# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply form time to time

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# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.

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#

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# use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but

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# want to free memory asap when possible.

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activerehashing yes www.2cto.com

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################################## INCLUDES ###################################

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# Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you

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# have a standard template that goes to all redis server but also need

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# to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include

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# other files, so use this wisely.

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#

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# include /path/to/local.conf

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# include /path/to/other.conf

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指定包含其它的配置文件，可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件，而同时各个实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件