oracle导出表内数据为txt文本

一、

教你一招不用编程序的:

1: 在pl/sql dev里面把这个表的内容SELECT出来;

2:拷贝,复制到EXCEL中

3:把EXCEL文件另存为 .CSV文件

4:用记事本把.CSV文件打开!

出来了

----------------太傻蛋了

二、

set linesize 1000

set pagesize 0

set echo off

set termout off

set heading off

set feedback off

spool c:\test\try2.txt

select id||','||user_name||','||age from us;

spool off

/

------------------------生成的txt需要掐头去尾，对超大表没法搞

三、使用utl_file包

#首先声明存储生成txt文件的目录，注意oracle要有写权限，其权限不能由自己赋给自己，必须由sysbas赋给

create directory DIR_DUMP as '/home/oracle/';

conn / as sysdba

grant read,write on directory dir_dump to psbc; (或者是public;)

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE xixi

IS

declare testjiao_handle UTL_FILE.file_type;

BEGIN

testjiao_handle := UTL_FILE.FOPEN('DIR_DUMP','testjiao.txt','w');

FOR x IN (SELECT * FROM TESTJIAO) LOOP

UTL_FILE.PUT_LINE(testjiao_handle,x.ID || ',' || x.RQ ||',');

END LOOP;

EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SUBSTR(SQLERRM,1,2000));

UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(testjiao_handle);

END;

/

#执行发现编译未成功

show error

发现testjiao_handle UTL_FILE.file_type，已经写到命名块里了，不需要declare了

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE xixi

IS

testjiao_handle UTL_FILE.file_type;

BEGIN

testjiao_handle := UTL_FILE.FOPEN('DIR_DUMP','testjiao.txt','w');

FOR x IN (SELECT * FROM TESTJIAO) LOOP

UTL_FILE.PUT_LINE(testjiao_handle,x.ID || ',' || x.RQ ||',');

END LOOP;

EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SUBSTR(SQLERRM,1,2000));

UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(testjiao_handle);

END;

/

执行成功了

exec xixi

txt文件也生成了，但是里面没有数据。为什么？

因为把 Fclose写进异常里了，必须退出这个session，才会写进txt文件。

exit

发现txt有数据了

因为退出以后 那个 Fopen 就自动关了 否则 那个文件一直是被它打开并没有关闭

###还要继续完善这个存储过程，要把 Fclose 拿出来

###########################################################

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE xixi

IS

testjiao_handle UTL_FILE.file_type;

BEGIN

testjiao_handle := UTL_FILE.FOPEN('DIR_DUMP','testjiao.txt','w');

FOR x IN (SELECT * FROM TESTJIAO) LOOP

UTL_FILE.PUT_LINE(testjiao_handle,x.ID || ',' || x.RQ ||',');

END LOOP;

UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(testjiao_handle);

EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SUBSTR(SQLERRM,1,2000));

END;

/

############################################################

exec xixi

more testjiao.txt

1,10-NOV-09,

2,20-DEC-10,

3,15-SEP-10,

这次真正ok,了。

#可查看directory里全部定义路径

select * from dba_directories;

drop directory exp_dir;

最后转下

UTL_File的使用

Create directory让我们可以在Oracle数据库中灵活的对文件进行读写操作，极大的提高了Oracle的易用性和可扩展性。

其语法为:

CREATE [OR REPLACE] DIRECTORY directory AS 'pathname';

本案例具体创建如下:

create or replace directory exp_dir as '/tmp';

目录创建以后，就可以把读写权限授予特定用户，具体语法如下:

GRANT READ[,WRITE] ON DIRECTORY directory TO username;

例如:

grant read, write on directory exp_dir to eygle;

此时用户eygle就拥有了对该目录的读写权限。

让我们看一个简单的测试:

SQL> create or replace directory UTL_FILE_DIR as '/opt/oracle/utl_file';

Directory created.

SQL> declare

2 fhandle utl_file.file_type;

3 begin

4 fhandle := utl_file.fopen('UTL_FILE_DIR', 'example.txt', 'w');

5 utl_file.put_line(fhandle , 'eygle test write one');

6 utl_file.put_line(fhandle , 'eygle test write two');

7 utl_file.fclose(fhandle);

8 end;

9 /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> !

[oracle@jumper 9.2.0]$ more /opt/oracle/utl_file/example.txt

eygle test write one

eygle test write two

[oracle@jumper 9.2.0]$

类似的我们可以通过utl_file来读取文件:

SQL> declare

2 fhandle utl_file.file_type;

3 fp_buffer varchar2(4000);

4 begin

5 fhandle := utl_file.fopen ('UTL_FILE_DIR','example.txt', 'R');

6

7 utl_file.get_line (fhandle , fp_buffer );

8 dbms_output.put_line(fp_buffer );

9 utl_file.get_line (fhandle , fp_buffer );

10 dbms_output.put_line(fp_buffer );

11 utl_file.fclose(fhandle);

12 end;

13 /

eygle test write one

eygle test write two

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

可以查询dba_directories查看所有directory.

SQL> select * from dba_directories;

OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------

SYS UTL_FILE_DIR /opt/oracle/utl_file

SYS BDUMP_DIR /opt/oracle/admin/conner/bdump

SYS EXP_DIR /opt/oracle/utl_file

可以使用drop directory删除这些路径.

SQL> drop directory exp_dir;

Directory dropped

SQL> select * from dba_directories;

OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------

SYS UTL_FILE_DIR /opt/oracle/utl_file

SYS BDUMP_DIR /opt/oracle/admin/conner/bdump