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spring-mock + dbutil 用来测试数据库操作

2012-03-14 18:51 246 查看
大概流程:
1.用dbunit创建初始的测试数据。
2.用spring-mock 维护测试过程中的数据会滚,这样可以保证测试后数据库保持原状态。
3.用junit架构测试。
4.用dbunit销毁初始测试数据。

http://www.iteye.com/topic/475172

Java代码






package com.test.dbunit.dao; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.dbunit.Assertion; import org.dbunit.database.DatabaseConnection; import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection; import org.dbunit.database.QueryDataSet; import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet; import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlDataSet; import org.dbunit.operation.DatabaseOperation; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource; import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests; import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration; import com.test.dbunit.entity.User; @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:testApplicationContext.xml" }) @TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true) public class UserDaoTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests { @Autowired private UserDao userDao; @Autowired private DataSource dataSource; private IDatabaseConnection conn; @Before public void initDbunit() throws Exception { conn = new DatabaseConnection(DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource)); } @Test public void saveUser() throws Exception { User user = new User(); user.setNick("user001"); user.setPassword("password001"); userDao.save(user); QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn); actual.addTable("user", "select * from user where user.nick = 'user001'"); IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource( "com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile()); Assertion.assertEquals(expected, actual); } @Test public void updateUser() throws Exception { IDataSet origen = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource( "com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile()); DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, origen); User user = new User(); user.setNick("user001"); user.setPassword("password002"); userDao.update(user); QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn); actual.addTable("user", "select * from user where user.nick = 'user001'"); IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource( "com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001_updated.xml").getFile()); Assertion.assertEquals(expected, actual); } @Test public void removeUser() throws Exception { IDataSet origen = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource( "com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile()); DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, origen); userDao.remove("user001"); QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn); actual.addTable("user", "select * from user where nick = 'user001'"); Assert.assertEquals(0, actual.getTable("user").getRowCount()); } @Test public void findUser() throws Exception { IDataSet data = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource( "com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile()); DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, data); User user = userDao.getUserByNick("user001"); Assert.assertEquals("password001", user.getPassword()); } }
package com.test.dbunit.dao;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.dbunit.Assertion;
import org.dbunit.database.DatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.QueryDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlDataSet;
import org.dbunit.operation.DatabaseOperation;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;

import com.test.dbunit.entity.User;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:testApplicationContext.xml" })
@TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)
public class UserDaoTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;

@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;

private IDatabaseConnection conn;

@Before
public void initDbunit() throws Exception {
conn = new DatabaseConnection(DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource));
}

@Test
public void saveUser() throws Exception {
User user = new User();
user.setNick("user001");
user.setPassword("password001");
userDao.save(user);

QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn);
actual.addTable("user",
"select * from user where user.nick = 'user001'");

IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());

Assertion.assertEquals(expected, actual);
}

@Test
public void updateUser() throws Exception {

IDataSet origen = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());

DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, origen);

User user = new User();
user.setNick("user001");
user.setPassword("password002");
userDao.update(user);

QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn);
actual.addTable("user",
"select * from user where user.nick = 'user001'");

IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001_updated.xml").getFile());

Assertion.assertEquals(expected, actual);
}

@Test
public void removeUser() throws Exception {
IDataSet origen = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());
DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, origen);

userDao.remove("user001");

QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn);
actual.addTable("user", "select * from user where nick = 'user001'");

Assert.assertEquals(0, actual.getTable("user").getRowCount());

}

@Test
public void findUser() throws Exception {
IDataSet data = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());
DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, data);

User user = userDao.getUserByNick("user001");

Assert.assertEquals("password001", user.getPassword());
}

}

对Dao进行单元测试,一般有两种思路。一是Mock,对使用的底层API进行Mock,比如Hibernate和JDBC接口,判断接口有没有正确调用,另一种是实际访问数据库,判断数据库有没有正确读写。更多的情况下,我更倾向于后者,因为在使用ORM工具或者jdbcTemplate的情况下,dao一般只有简单的几行代码,没有复杂的逻辑,Mock测试一般没有什么意义,我们更关心的是,Hibernate mapping是否正确,ibatis sql是否正确等,所以实际读写数据库才能真正判断一个dao是否正确,这也是我们关心的测试内容。

好的单元测试应该是原子性的,独立的,不应依赖其他测试和上下文,但是要测试数据读写是否正确,就必须涉及初始数据的加载,数据修改的还原等操作。对于初始数据的加载,手动输入很麻烦,一个解决方案就是使用Dbunit,从Xml文件甚至Excel中加载初始数据到数据库,是数据库的值达到一个已知状态。同时还可以使用Dbunit,对数据库的结果状态进行判断,保证和期望的一致。数据修改的还原,可以依赖Spring TransactionalTests,在测试完成后回滚数据库。

Dbunit还可以对数据的现有数据进行备份,还原,清空现有数据,一个好的测试实践是每一个开发人员一个测试数据库,进而对数据库的数据状态有更好的控制,但现实可能会是共享同一个测试库,所以这种情况下,测试的编写必须多做一些考虑。

待测试的类:

Java代码






package com.test.dbunit.dao.impl; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper; import com.test.dbunit.dao.UserDao; import com.test.dbunit.entity.User; public class DefaultUserDao extends BaseDao implements UserDao { private static String QUERY_BY_NICK = "select * from user where user.nick = ?"; private static String REMOVE_USER = "delete from user where user.nick = ?"; private static String INSERT_USER = "insert into user(nick,password) values(?, ?)"; private static String UPDATE_USER = "update user set user.password = ? where user.nick = ?"; @Override public User getUserByNick(String nick) { return (User) getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(QUERY_BY_NICK,new Object[]{nick}, new RowMapper(){ @Override public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int index) throws SQLException { User user = new User(); user.setNick(rs.getString("nick")); user.setPassword(rs.getString("password")); return user; } }); } @Override public void remove(String nick) { getJdbcTemplate().update(REMOVE_USER, new Object[]{nick}); } @Override public void save(User user) { getJdbcTemplate().update(INSERT_USER, new Object[]{user.getNick(), user.getPassword()}); } @Override public void update(User user) { getJdbcTemplate().update(UPDATE_USER, new Object[]{user.getPassword(), user.getNick()}); } }
package com.test.dbunit.dao.impl;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

import com.test.dbunit.dao.UserDao;
import com.test.dbunit.entity.User;

public class DefaultUserDao extends BaseDao implements UserDao {

private static String QUERY_BY_NICK = "select * from user where user.nick = ?";

private static String REMOVE_USER = "delete from user where user.nick = ?";

private static String INSERT_USER = "insert into user(nick,password) values(?, ?)";

private static String UPDATE_USER = "update user set user.password = ? where user.nick = ?";
@Override
public User getUserByNick(String nick) {
return (User) getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(QUERY_BY_NICK,new Object[]{nick}, new RowMapper(){
@Override
public Object mapRow(ResultSet rs, int index) throws SQLException {
User user = new User();
user.setNick(rs.getString("nick"));
user.setPassword(rs.getString("password"));
return user;
}
});
}

@Override
public void remove(String nick) {
getJdbcTemplate().update(REMOVE_USER, new Object[]{nick});
}

@Override
public void save(User user) {
getJdbcTemplate().update(INSERT_USER, new Object[]{user.getNick(), user.getPassword()});
}

@Override
public void update(User user) {
getJdbcTemplate().update(UPDATE_USER, new Object[]{user.getPassword(), user.getNick()});
}

}

单元测试:

需要注意的地方就是,DataSourceUtils.getConnection(datasource) , 通过这种方式获得数据库连接初始化Dbunit,能够保证Dbunit使用的数据连接和当前事务的数据库连接相同,保证能够在参与到事务中。Spring的TransactionManager会在开始事务时把当前连接保存到ThreadLocal中,DataSourceUtils.getConnection方法,首先从ThreadLocal中获取连接。

user001.xml

Xml代码






<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<dataset>
<user nick="user001" password="password001" />
</dataset>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<dataset>
<user nick="user001" password="password001" />
</dataset>

使用dbunit,可以通过xml文件定义数据集,也可以使用其他方式定义,比如Excel,编程方式。

Dbunit的主要构件

IDatabaseConnection

数据库链接。实现类有DatabaseConnectionDatabaseDataSourceConnection ,执行数据库操作时需要一个连接。

IDataSet

数据集,数据集可以从Xml文件Excel等外部文件获取,也可以从数据库查询,或者编程方式构件,数据集可以作为初始数据插入到数据库,也可以作为断言的依据。另外还有IDatatable等辅助类。

比如在updateUser测试中,使用了QueryDataSet,从数据库中构建一个Dataset,再通过FlatXmlDataSet从Xml文件中构建一个Dataset,断言这两个Dataset相同。

Java代码






QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn); actual.addTable("user", "select * from user where user.nick = 'user001'"); IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource( "com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001_updated.xml").getFile()); Assertion.assertEquals(expected, actual);

QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn);
actual.addTable("user", "select * from user where user.nick = 'user001'");

IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001_updated.xml").getFile());

Assertion.assertEquals(expected, actual);


DatabaseOperation

通过定义的静态字段可以获取一组代表一个数据操作的子类对象,比如DatabaseOperation .INSERT,返回 InsertOperation,通过执行execute方法把数据集插入到数据库。例如:

Java代码






IDataSet origen = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource( "com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile()); DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, origen);

IDataSet origen = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());
DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, origen);

从Xml文件中构建DataSet,使用Insert插入到数据库,初始化测试数据。

Assertion

唯一的方法,assertEqual,断言两个数据集或数据表相同。

更多关于Dbunit的组件的介绍:http://www.dbunit.org/components.html

PS:使用Oracle的时候,初始化DatabaseConnection需要传入scheme。new DatabaseConnection(conn,SCHEMA_NAME ) ,SCHMEA_NAME需要大写。

附件提供所有代码下载

一个DAO测试基类

Java代码






package com.taobao.dbunit.dao; import java.sql.SQLException; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.dbunit.Assertion; import org.dbunit.database.DatabaseConnection; import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection; import org.dbunit.dataset.DataSetException; import org.dbunit.dataset.DefaultDataSet; import org.dbunit.dataset.DefaultTable; import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet; import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlDataSet; import org.dbunit.operation.DatabaseOperation; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Before; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource; import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests; import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration; @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:testApplicationContext.xml" }) @TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true) public class BaseDaoTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests { @Autowired private DataSource dataSource; private IDatabaseConnection conn; @Before public void initDbunit() throws Exception { conn = new DatabaseConnection(DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource)); } /** * 清空file中包含的表中的数据,并插入file中指定的数据 * * @param file * @throws Exception */ protected void setUpDataSet(String file) throws Exception { IDataSet dataset = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(file) .getFile()); DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(conn, dataset); } /** * 验证file中包含的表中的数据和数据库中的相应表的数据是否一致 * * @param file * @throws Exception */ protected void verifyDataSet(String file) throws Exception { IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(file) .getFile()); IDataSet dataset = conn.createDataSet(); for (String tableName : expected.getTableNames()) { Assertion.assertEquals(expected.getTable(tableName), dataset .getTable(tableName)); } } /** * 清空指定的表中的数据 * * @param tableName * @throws Exception */ protected void clearTable(String tableName) throws Exception { DefaultDataSet dataset = new DefaultDataSet(); dataset.addTable(new DefaultTable(tableName)); DatabaseOperation.DELETE_ALL.execute(conn, dataset); } /** * 验证指定的表为空 * * @param tableName * @throws DataSetException * @throws SQLException */ protected void verifyEmpty(String tableName) throws DataSetException, SQLException { Assert.assertEquals(0, conn.createDataSet().getTable(tableName) .getRowCount()); } }
package com.taobao.dbunit.dao;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.dbunit.Assertion;
import org.dbunit.database.DatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.dataset.DataSetException;
import org.dbunit.dataset.DefaultDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.DefaultTable;
import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlDataSet;
import org.dbunit.operation.DatabaseOperation;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:testApplicationContext.xml" })
@TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)
public class BaseDaoTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {

@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource;

private IDatabaseConnection conn;

@Before
public void initDbunit() throws Exception {
conn = new DatabaseConnection(DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource));
}

/**
* 清空file中包含的表中的数据,并插入file中指定的数据
*
* @param file
* @throws Exception
*/
protected void setUpDataSet(String file) throws Exception {
IDataSet dataset = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(file)
.getFile());
DatabaseOperation.CLEAN_INSERT.execute(conn, dataset);
}

/**
* 验证file中包含的表中的数据和数据库中的相应表的数据是否一致
*
* @param file
* @throws Exception
*/
protected void verifyDataSet(String file) throws Exception {
IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(file)
.getFile());
IDataSet dataset = conn.createDataSet();

for (String tableName : expected.getTableNames()) {
Assertion.assertEquals(expected.getTable(tableName), dataset
.getTable(tableName));
}

}

/**
* 清空指定的表中的数据
*
* @param tableName
* @throws Exception
*/
protected void clearTable(String tableName) throws Exception {
DefaultDataSet dataset = new DefaultDataSet();
dataset.addTable(new DefaultTable(tableName));
DatabaseOperation.DELETE_ALL.execute(conn, dataset);
}

/**
* 验证指定的表为空
*
* @param tableName
* @throws DataSetException
* @throws SQLException
*/
protected void verifyEmpty(String tableName) throws DataSetException,
SQLException {
Assert.assertEquals(0, conn.createDataSet().getTable(tableName)
.getRowCount());
}
}

使用:

Java代码






@Test
public void updateUser() throws Exception {
setUpDataSet("com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml");

User user = new User();
user.setNick("user001");
user.setPassword("password002");
userDao.update(user);

verifyDataSet("com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001_updated.xml");
}

@Test
public void updateUser() throws Exception {
setUpDataSet("com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml");

User user = new User();
user.setNick("user001");
user.setPassword("password002");
userDao.update(user);

verifyDataSet("com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001_updated.xml");
}

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http://www.iteye.com/topic/21630?page=2#181380

http://www.iteye.com/topic/21630?page=2#181380

http://www.blogjava.net/aoxj/archive/2010/08/26/329975.html
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