Linux 配置 unixODBC 访问 Oracle 说明

一.安装 unixODBC

UnixODBC官网：

http://www.unixodbc.org/

这里使用YUM安装，不多说：

Linux 使用光盘搭建 本地 YUM 服务器

/article/1448757.html

[root@rac1 mnt]# yum installunixODBC

[root@rac1 mnt]# yum installunixODBC-devel

确认unixODBC的安装，使用 isql命令，其是unixODBC自带的命令。可以使用这个命令验证unixODBC的配置。

[root@rac1 /]# isql --version

unixODBC 2.2.14

[root@rac1 /]# which isql

/usr/bin/isql

[root@rac1 /]# isql

**********************************************

* unixODBC - isql *

**********************************************

* Syntax *

* *

* isql DSN [UID [PWD]] [options] *

* *

* Options *

* *

* -b batch.(no prompting etc) *

* -dx delimit columns with x *

* -x0xXX delimit columns with XX, where *

* x is in hex, ie 0x09 is tab *

* -w wrap results in an HTML table *

* -c column names on first row. *

* (only used when -d) *

* -mn limit column display width to n *

* -v verbose. *

* -lx set locale to x *

* -q wrap char fields in dquotes *

* -3 Use ODBC 3 calls *

* -n Use new line processing *

* --version version *

* *

* Commands *

* *

* help - list tables *

* help table - list columns in table *

* help help - list all help options *

* *

* Examples *

* *

* isql WebDB MyID MyPWD -w < My.sql *

* *

* Each line in My.sql must contain *

* exactly 1 SQL command except for the *

* last line which must be blank (unless *

* -n option specified). *

* *

* Please visit; *

* *

* http://www.unixodbc.org *

* pharvey@codebydesign.com *

* nick@easysoft.com *

**********************************************

[root@rac1 /]#

二．下载安装unixODBC 连接Oracle 的驱动

ODBC Drivers 下载地址：

http://www.easysoft.com/developer/interfaces/odbc/index.html

这里的驱动也分两种，需要Oracle 客户端的ODBC-Oracle Driver (OCI version)和不需要Oracle客户端的ODBC-OracleDriver (WP version)，

The EasysoftODBC-Oracle Driver (OCI version) uses Oracleclient software to access the Oracle database.

The EasysoftODBC-Oracle Driver (WP version), which does not use Oracle client software,provides direct access to Oracle, for use in solutions where minimising theclient footprint is a requirement.

因为我的测试环境上已经安装了oracle，所以我这里选择需要客户端的驱动。

[root@rac1 u01]# ls

app backup odbc-oracle-3.3.0-linux-x86-64-ul64.tar oswbb oswbb4.0.tar

安装odbc 驱动：

[root@rac1 u01]# tar -xvf odbc-oracle-3.3.0-linux-x86-64-ul64.tar

[root@rac1 u01]# cd odbc-oracle-3.3.0-linux-x86-64-ul64

[root@rac1odbc-oracle-3.3.0-linux-x86-64-ul64]# ls

all.tar install_check_root install_versioned tee

all.tar.md5sum install_check_tools licclient testlib

all.tar.sum install_init licenses_template unixodbc.tar

check_root.txt install_intro license.txt unixodbc.tar.md5sum

cmpver install_license licshell unixodbc.tar.sum

drv_template install_linkpaths names unixODBC_version.txt

ident install.ORACLE ORACLE_intro.txt uodbc

install install_other_products ORACLE_uodbcinstall.txt versioned

install_check_linux install_paths OSname.txt

install_check_products INSTALL.txt postinstall

--使用root用户安装，因为安装过程中需要root权限：

[root@rac1odbc-oracle-3.3.0-linux-x86-64-ul64]# ./install

--安装过程中要看很多问题，不想看的直接按回车跳过。

….

Option: 1

No valid licenses found on this machine

in /usr/local/easysoft//license/licenses

[0] Exit

[1] View existing licenses

[2] Oracle ODBC Driver V3.3

Please choose the product you would like alicense for by entering its item number or enter one of the other options.

--这里有3个选项，2是需要购买的，我们选择0退出：

Option: 0

Access to the ODBC Driver is performedutilising the unixODBC Driver Manager.

The Driver Manager is made aware of thelocation of the Easysoft ODBC-Oracle Driver via data sources.

The following section will create an Oracledata source based on the information entered at the following prompt.

--会提示我们创建一个基本的data source：

The created data source will be called'ORACLE'.

Do you wish to create a data source at thistime? (y/n) [y]:

It seems that you do not have ORACLE_HOMEdefined at this time

Is this because you intend to use an Oracle10g Instant Client (y/n) [y]:

Enter the name or IP address of the Oracleserver (i.e. server): 192.168.3.116

Enter the port the Oracle server islistening on (default 1521):

Enter the Oracle Service Name (i.e. test):DAVE

Enter an Oracle user name (i.e. system):system

Enter the Oracle password for system (i.e.manager): oracle

Writing new/usr/local/easysoft/oracle/dsn_template for Instant Client

Installing entry in odbcinst.ini file

Drivers already installed for unixODBC are:

[PostgreSQL]

[MySQL]

[ORACLE]

*****

WARNING:

It appears the Easysoft ODBC-Oracle Driverdriver is already registered

with unixODBC.

If you are reinstalling the ORACLE to adifferent install path you

may have to edit your odbcinst.ini file tocorrect it as the

following odbcinst commands to install thedriver will simply increase

the usage count and not affect the paths.

*****

Press the return key to continue

Running odbcinst command:

/usr/local/easysoft/unixODBC/bin/odbcinst-i -d -f drv_template

==========

odbcinst: Driver installed. Usage countincreased to 2.

Target directory is /etc

==========

You can now install a [ORACLE] data sourcefor unixODBC and

Easysoft ODBC-Oracle Driver.

However, unixODBC currently requires anodbc.ini file to exist before a

datasource can be added. This install willcreate /etc/odbc.ini if you

request the datasource to be created.

Install unixODBC/Easysoft ODBC-OracleDriver data source (y/n) [y]:

Running odbcinst command:

/usr/local/easysoft/unixODBC/bin/odbcinst-s -i -f /usr/local/easysoft/oracle/dsn_template

==========

==========

Congratulations. You have now completed theinstallation of the Easysoft

ODBC-Oracle Driver.

The full manual is available as a PDF orHTML from:
ftp://ftp.easysoft.com/pub/docs/oracle
and in /usr/local/easysoft/oracle/doc.

The HTML version of the manual is availableonline at:
http://www.easysoft.com/products/data_access/odbc_oracle_driver
NOTE:

If you installed this software as anon-root user you need to:

1. set the EASYSOFT_ROOT environmentvariable to

/usr/local/easysoft.

2. Set up your dynamic linker search pathto include

/usr/local/easysoft/lib

/usr/local/easysoft/unixODBC/lib

切换到oracle 用户，在~/.bashrc中添加如下环境变量：

exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib

export SHLIB_PATH=/usr/local/easysoft/lib

export LIBPATH=/usr/local/easysoft/lib

--source 使修改生效：

rac1:/home/oracle> source ~/.bashrc

三．配置unixODBC 连接Oracle

3.1 修改/etc/odbcinst.ini 文件

[root@rac1odbc-oracle-3.3.0-linux-x86-64-ul64]# cat /etc/odbcinst.ini

[PostgreSQL]

Description=ODBC for PostgreSQL

Driver=/usr/lib/psqlodbc.so

Setup=/usr/lib/libodbcpsqlS.so

Driver64=/usr/lib64/psqlodbc.so

Setup64=/usr/lib64/libodbcpsqlS.so

FileUsage=1

[MySQL]

Description=ODBC for MySQL

Driver=/usr/lib/libmyodbc5.so

Setup=/usr/lib/libodbcmyS.so

Driver64=/usr/lib64/libmyodbc5.so

Setup64=/usr/lib64/libodbcmyS.so

FileUsage=1

[ORACLE]

Description=Easysoft ODBC Oracle Driver

Driver=/usr/local/easysoft/oracle/libesoracle.so

Setup=/usr/local/easysoft/oracle/libesoraclesetup.so

DontDLClose=1

FileUsage=1

UsageCount=2

--最后一部分是我们在安装时配置的。

3.2 修改/etc/odbc.ini文件

[root@rac1odbc-oracle-3.3.0-linux-x86-64-ul64]# cat /etc/odbc.ini

[ORACLE]

Driver=ORACLE

Database=//192.168.3.116:1521/DAVE

User=system

Password=oracle

METADATA_ID=0

ENABLE_USER_CATALOG=1

ENABLE_SYNONYMS=1

--测试：

[root@rac1 ~]# cd /usr/local/easysoft/oracle

[root@rac1 oracle]# ./checksys -d ORACLE

./checksys: error while loading sharedlibraries: libodbcinst.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file ordirectory

这里报错，查看一下：

[root@rac1 lib64]# pwd

/usr/lib64

[root@rac1 lib64]# ls libodbcinst.so*

libodbcinst.so libodbcinst.so.2 libodbcinst.so.2.0.0

[root@rac1lib64]# ll libodbcinst.so*

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Mar 4 16:17 libodbcinst.so -> libodbcinst.so.2.0.0

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 Mar 4 16:17 libodbcinst.so.2 -> libodbcinst.so.2.0.0

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 68928 Jul 9 2010libodbcinst.so.2.0.0

确实没有，我们手工link一下：

[root@rac1 lib64]# ln -s libodbcinst.so libodbcinst.so.1

--之前是用root用户来检测的，其实正确的应该是用Oracle 的安装用户来验证：

rac1:/usr/local/easysoft/oracle>./checksys -d ORACLE

started on Sun Mar 4 20:11:55 2012

./checksys -d ORACLE Using /home/oracle ashome directory.

Checking ORACLE_HOME....

ORACLE_HOME set to/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1.

Checking LD_LIBRARY_PATH....

LD_LIBRARY_PATH set to/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib64.

Directory"/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1" exists.

Looking for file libeslicshr_r.so in pathsin /etc/ld.so.conf.

File libeslicshr_r.so in a directory in/etc/ld.so.conf.

File /usr/local/easysoft/lib/libeslicshr_r.soexists and is readable.

Looking for file libessupp_r.so in paths in/etc/ld.so.conf.

File libessupp_r.so in a directory in/etc/ld.so.conf.

File /usr/local/easysoft/lib/libessupp_r.soexists and is readable.

Looking for file libodbcinst.so in paths in/etc/ld.so.conf.

Looking for file libodbcinst.so in paths in/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib64.

File libodbcinst.so on path/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib64.

File /usr/lib64/libodbcinst.so exists andis readable.

File tnsnames.ora NOT on path/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin:/etc.File .tnsnames.ora NOTon path /home/oracle.Could NOT find tnsnames.ora fileCannot continue tests -aborting.

--------------------

--------------------

Summary of findings:

--------------------

--------------------

1 : ERROR : File tnsnames.ora NOT on path/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin:/etc.

2 : ERROR : File .tnsnames.ora NOT on path /home/oracle.

3 : ERROR : Could NOT find tnsnames.ora file

Check oracle client installed and configured. Does it work with

sqlplus.

4 : ERROR : Cannot continue tests - aborting.

Fix problems listed above and try again.

--这里的报警信息就是tnsnames.ora 的问题了。 我们用的是直接连接，忽略这个问题。

用isql 命令测试：

rac1:/usr/local/easysoft/oracle> isqlORACLE -v

+---------------------------------------+

| Connected! |

| |

| sql-statement |

| help [tablename] |

| quit |

| |

+---------------------------------------+

--查询表：

SQL> select * from dave;

+----------------+---------------------+

| ID | NAME |

+----------------+---------------------+

| 1 | dave |

+----------------+---------------------+

SQLRowCount returns -1

1 rows fetched

说明：

Easysoft是收费的，这里只能试用。

在下载的时候选择购买，就可以看到easysoft for oracle driver的价格：一台机器要2800$, 也不便宜啊。



刚去官网看了一下，貌似也没有ODBC for linux的，只有JDBC. 起初本打算随便测试一下的，结果花了太多的时间来研究其他问题了，此篇到此结束，不研究了。

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