Linux环境手动创建oracle10g数据库实践

OS
[root@T_life_db etc]# uname -a
Linux T_life_db 2.6.18-238.el5 #1 SMP Sun Dec 19 14:22:44 EST 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

1创建新用户组
创建用户组oracle和dba
查看要创建的用户组是否存在
[root@T_life_db home]# less /etc/group
确定不存在，创建之
[root@T_life_db home]# groupadd oracle
[root@T_life_db home]# groupadd dba
2创建新用户
创建用户oracle
查看要创建的用户是否存在
[root@T_life_db oracle]# grep bash /etc/passwd
确定不存在，创建、分配组并初始化密码
[root@T_life_db home]# useradd oracle -g oracle -G dba
[root@T_life_db home]# passwd oracle
修改oracle软件卷和数据卷owner
[root@T_life_db home]#chown oracle:dba /oracle
[root@T_life_db home]#chown oracle:dba /oradata
3安装oracle10g软件
从另一同平台主机拷贝oracle软件tar包到软件卷。
本次通过SSH的ftp工具拷贝。
解tar包完成软件安装
[oracle@T_life_db ~]$tar xvf product.tar
4手动创建DB
4.1创建环境变量文件
创建环境变量文件prof_lifetest并加载，文件内容如下
PATH=/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/home/oracle/bin
export PATH
#Oracle DB 10g Environment
export ORACLE_SID=lifetest
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/db10gr2
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
export LIBPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:/usr/lib:/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/product/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/jre
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_DOC=$ORACLE_HOME
export TMP=/tmp
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
export EDITOR=vi
export AIXTHREAD_SCOPE=S
set -o vi
umask 022
4.2创建dump目录
[oracle@T_life_db oracle]$ mkdir admin
[oracle@T_life_db oracle]$ cd admin
[oracle@T_life_db admin]$ mkdir lifetest
[oracle@T_life_db admin]$ cd lifetest
[oracle@T_life_db lifetest]$ mkdir -p adump bdump cdump udump
4.3创建数据文件目录
[oracle@T_life_db oradata]$ mkdir lifetest
4.4创建pfile
创建文件$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initlifetest.ora 内容如下：
*._gby_hash_aggregation_enabled=false
*.aq_tm_processes=0
*.background_dump_dest='/oracle/admin/lifetest/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files=/oradata/lifetest/control01.ctl,/oradata/lifetest/control02.ctl, /oradata/lifetest/control03.ctl
*.core_dump_dest='/oracle/admin/lifetest/cdump'
*.cursor_sharing='EXACT'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain='CCIC'
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_files=1000
*.db_name='lifetest'
*.fast_start_mttr_target=300
*.global_names=TRUE
*.instance_name='lifetest'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_buffer=1048576
*.NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'
*.open_cursors=800
*.OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX=''
*.pga_aggregate_target=200000000
*.processes=300
*.query_rewrite_enabled='FALSE'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.remote_os_authent=FALSE
*.sessions=150
*.session_cached_cursors=100
*.session_max_open_files=20
*.sga_max_size=800000000
*.shared_pool_size=107497472
*.star_transformation_enabled='FALSE'
*.timed_statistics=TRUE
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_retention=10800
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/oracle/admin/lifetest/udump'
4.5创建密码文件
orapwd file=orapwlifetest password=oracle entries=5 force=y
4.6启动数据库
SQL>startup nomount
本次发生一些错误，详述如下。
错误1
现象
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [keltnfy-ldmInit], [46], [1], [], [], [], [], []
原因
查询metalink得到问题原因，是由于获得主机信息时有错误。详见下面链接
https://support.oracle.com/CSP/ui/flash.html#tab=KBHome(page=KBHome&id=()),(page=KBNavigator&id=(from=BOOKMARK&bmDocID=336447.1&bmDocDsrc=KB&bmDocType=PROBLEM&bmDocTitle=Startup%20Database%20Produces%20Ora-00600:%20%5BKeltnfy-Ldminit%5D&viewingMode=1143))
处理
修改hosts文件.
$ more /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 lifedbtest localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
增加一行。
10.0.13.198 T_life_db
确认通过hostname可以ping通。
[oracle@T_life_db dbs]$ ping T_life_db
PING T_life_db (10.0.13.198) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from T_life_db (10.0.13.198): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.019 ms
64 bytes from T_life_db (10.0.13.198): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.013 ms
错误2
现象
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-00371: not enough shared pool memory, should be atleast 107497472 bytes
原因
shared pool memory不足
处理
在pfile中添加一行
*.shared_pool_size=107497472
4.7创建建库脚本
建库脚本create_lifetest.sql，内容如下：
create database lifetest
MAXINSTANCES 1
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXDATAFILES 1000
DATAFILE
'/oradata/lifetest/system01.dbf' size 200m reuse autoextend on next 1m maxsize unlimited extent management local
sysaux datafile
'/oradata/lifetest/sysaux01.dbf' size 200m reuse autoextend on next 1m maxsize unlimited
default temporary tablespace TEMP tempfile
'/oradata/lifetest/temp01.dbf' size 200m reuse autoextend on next 1m maxsize unlimited
undo tablespace UNDOTBS1 datafile
'/oradata/lifetest/undo01.dbf' size 200m reuse autoextend on next 5M maxsize unlimited
logfile
GROUP 1 ('/oradata/lifetest/redo1.dbf') size 256m,
GROUP 2 ('/oradata/lifetest/redo2.dbf') size 256m,
GROUP 3 ('/oradata/lifetest/redo3.dbf') size 256m
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
;
4.8执行建库脚本
SQL> @create_lifetest.sql
Database created.
耗时大约几分钟。时间随创建文件的大小变化。注意建库脚本要在nomount状态下运行。本次运行出现一些错误，详述如下。
错误1
现象
alert log显示
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE
'/oradata/lifetest/undo01.dbf' size 200m reuse autoextend on next 5M maxsize unlimited

ORA-30012 signalled during: CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE
'/oradata/lifetest/undo01.dbf' size 200m reuse autoextend on next 5M maxsize unlimited
...
Tue Mar 8 11:57:54 2011
Errors in file /oracle/admin/lifetest/udump/lifetest_ora_16414.trc:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDODBS1' does not exist or of wrong type
Tue Mar 8 11:57:54 2011
Errors in file /oracle/admin/lifetest/udump/lifetest_ora_16414.trc:
ORA-01501: CREATE DATABASE failed
ORA-01519: error while processing file '?/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq' near line 5792
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDODBS1' does not exist or of wrong type
Error 1519 happened during db open, shutting down database
USER: terminating instance due to error 1519
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 16414
ORA-1092 signalled during: create database lifetest
lifetest_ora_16414.trc 显示
*** 2011-03-08 11:57:48.166
*** SERVICE NAME:() 2011-03-08 11:57:48.166
*** SESSION ID:(323.3) 2011-03-08 11:57:48.166
kccsga_update_ckpt: num_1 = 1, num_2 = 0, num_3 = 0, lbn_2 = 0, lbn_3 = 0
Control file created with size 864 blocks
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDODBS1' does not exist or of wrong type
Offending statement at line 5792
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 DATAFILE
'/oradata/lifetest/undo01.dbf' size 200m reuse autoextend on next 5M maxsize unlimited
ORA-01501: CREATE DATABASE failed
ORA-01519: error while processing file '?/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq' near line 5792
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-30012: undo tablespace 'UNDODBS1' does not exist or of wrong type
原因
建库脚本和pfile中对undo表空间的描述不一致。
pfile中
*.undo_tablespace='UNDODBS1'
建库脚本中
undo tablespace UNDOTBS1 datafile
处理
修改pfile同建库脚本一致。关闭数据库并重启到nomount。
错误2
现象
再次执行建库脚本
SQL> @create_lifetest.sql
create database lifetest
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01501: CREATE DATABASE failed
ORA-00200: control file could not be created
ORA-00202: control file: '/oradata/lifetest/control01.ctl'
ORA-27038: created file already exists
Additional information: 1

SQL> @create_lifetest.sql
create database lifetest
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01501: CREATE DATABASE failed
ORA-00301: error in adding log file '/oradata/lifetest/redo1.dbf' - file cannot
be created
ORA-27038: created file already exists
Additional information: 1
原因
上次建库失败时的遗留的controlfile，redo log没有清除
处理
[oracle@T_life_db lifetest]$ rm *.ctl
[oracle@T_life_db lifetest]$ rm redo*
4.9创建数据字典
数据库创建完成后，v$动态视图可以使用，DBA_XXX等视图还不可用。
再运行脚本创建ORACLE的数据字典。建议spool输出脚本运行结果，便于排查错误。
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catexp.sql
这3个脚本的执行时间均需要几分钟。
到此手动创建DB过程完成。
5配置监听和tns
5.1listener.ora中增加配置
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = lifetest)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/db10gr2)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = T_life_db)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
启动监听
[oracle@T_life_db admin]$ lsnrctl start
5.2tnsnames.ora中增加配置
lifetest =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.0.13.198)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = lifetest)
)
)
远程登录验证无误。