Scala学习笔记（三）Actor简单例子

在了解了Scala的一些基本特性之后，看到了它的线程实现：Actor。笔者不知道这么叫是否合适，因为Actor的目的似乎专注于在实体之间使用消息传递来协作。翻了一下它的原型定义如下：

abstract class Actor extends Thread with MailBox{
def act() : Unit
override def run(): Unit = act()
def !(msg: Any) = send(msg)
}

 

从这个版本的源码(<=Scala 2.7)中可以看出，Actor除了代表线程类之外还引入了MailBox，本来我们都知道继承java.lang.Thread只会要求重写run()方法，不会有别的改变，Scala使用act()来代替了使用run()的习惯，由于混入了MailBox使得Scala的Actor具有了receive和receiveWith等新的方法，从而完成消息传递的协作。（但笔者最近在新的Scala版本中发现这一切都有了重大改变，Actor不再混入MailBox，整个Actor只包含了伴生对象object
Actor和抽象接口trait Actor的定义，看起来线程实现的角色更加简洁明了。receive和receiveWithIn被同时直接加入为伴生对象Actor和trait Actor中。）

 

这里不深入讨论Actor的特点，先通过一个小例子，来看Actor是如何工作的：

import scala.actors.Actor, java.util._

abstract class AuctionMessage
case class Offer(bid: Int, client: Actor) extends AuctionMessage
case class Inquire(client: Actor) extends AuctionMessage
case object TIMEOUT

abstract class AuctionReply
case class Status(asked: Int, expire: Date) extends AuctionReply
case object BestOffer extends AuctionReply
case class BeatenOffer(maxBid: Int) extends AuctionReply
case class AuctionConcluded(seller: Actor, client: Actor) extends AuctionReply
case object AuctionFailed extends AuctionReply
case object AuctionOver extends AuctionReply

/**
* Before finally stopping, it stays active for another period determined by the
* timeToShutdown constant and replies to further offers that the auction is closed
**/
class Auction (seller: Actor, minBid: Int, closing: Date) extends Actor{
// 60 minutes to shut down the auction
val timeToShutdown = 3600000
// minimum bid for each offer
val bidIncrement = 10

def act(){
var maxBid = minBid - bidIncrement
var maxBidder: Actor = null
var running = true

while(running){
//receiveWithin: just span a period of time for mailbox messages then stopped
receiveWithin ((closing.getTime() - new Date().getTime())){
case Offer(bid, client) =>
if(bid >= maxBid + bidIncrement){
//beat successfully, notify the current maxBidder, then replace it
if(maxBid >= minBid) maxBidder ! BeatenOffer(bid)
//reply to client the current offer peak value
maxBid = bid;	maxBidder = client; client ! BestOffer
}else{
//beat failed, return the current max bid value to offer client
client ! BeatenOffer(maxBid)
}
case Inquire(client) =>
// query the max bid and closing time
client ! Status(maxBid, closing)
case TIMEOUT =>
//auction done
if(maxBid >= minBid){
val reply = AuctionConcluded(seller, maxBidder)
maxBidder ! reply; seller ! reply
}else{
//no one get the auction, notify seller
seller ! AuctionFailed
}

//for further offer message, tell them over
receiveWithin(timeToShutdown){
case Offer(_, client) => client ! AuctionOver
case TIMEOUT => running = false
}
}
}
}
}

这是一个拍卖通信的例子，在while循环里Auction能分辨请求消息的种类然后做合适的处理，当发生超时事件，开始进行整个结束流程。