使用隐含参数模拟ORACLE数据库服务器掉,重做日志丢失打开数据库

模拟服务器突然掉电，数据库丢失，事务无法完成回滚故障的恢复

数据库的状态如下：

SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS

---------------- ------------

marven OPEN

非归档模式：

SQL> archive log list

Database log mode No Archive Mode

Automatic archival Disabled

Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch

Oldest online log sequence 25

Current log sequence 27

SQL> set linesize 150 pagesize 300

SQL> select * from v$log;

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ---------

1 1 25 52428800 1 NO CURRENT 384492 29-JAN-12

2 1 23 52428800 1 NO INACTIVE 371795 29-JAN-12

3 1 24 52428800 1 NO INACTIVE 377698 29-JAN-12

采用shutdown abort模拟突然掉电，数据库关闭的情形，此时数据库可以正常启动到MOUNT状态

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1610612736 bytes

Fixed Size 2084296 bytes

Variable Size 385876536 bytes

Database Buffers 1207959552 bytes

Redo Buffers 14692352 bytes

Database mounted.

此时日志状态如下：

SQL> select * from v$log;

GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM

---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ---------

1 1 25 52428800 1 NO ACTIVE 384492 29-JAN-12

3 1 27 52428800 1 NO CURRENT 391086 29-JAN-12

2 1 26 52428800 1 NO ACTIVE 389733 29-JAN-12

删除所有的重做日志文件：

SQL>!rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/marven/redo*.log

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL>startup nomount

Total System Global Area 1610612736 bytes

Fixed Size 2084296 bytes

Variable Size 385876536 bytes

Database Buffers 1207959552 bytes

Redo Buffers 14692352 bytes

SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

在打开数据库时发现无法正常打开

SQL> alter database open;

alter database open

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1

ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/marven/redo01.log'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

试图通过resetlog打开数据库发现是行不通的：

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

alter database open resetlogs

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01139: RESETLOGS option only valid after an incomplete database recovery

spfile参数文件的目录如下：

SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0

/db_1/dbs/spfilemarven.ora

备份spfile文件：

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

添加如下参数：

SQL> alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> SQL> shutdown immediate

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1610612736 bytes

Fixed Size 2084296 bytes

Variable Size 385876536 bytes

Database Buffers 1207959552 bytes

Redo Buffers 14692352 bytes

Database mounted.

此时采用控制文件做不完全恢复：

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;

ORA-00279: change 387606 generated at 01/29/2012 15:34:10 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_25_773853180.dbf

ORA-00280: change 387606 for thread 1 is in sequence #25

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

cancel

ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below

ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/marven/system01.dbf'

ORA-01112: media recovery not started

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;

ORA-00279: change 387606 generated at 01/29/2012 15:34:10 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_25_773853180.dbf

ORA-00280: change 387606 for thread 1 is in sequence #25

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_25_773853180.dbf'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below

ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/marven/system01.dbf'

此时采用resetlogs打开数据库出现如报错：

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

alter database open resetlogs

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

SQL> startup

ORA-24324: service handle not initialized

ORA-01041: internal error. hostdef extension doesn't exist

SQL> quit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

重新连接后启动即可：

[oracle@hpserver2 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Jan 29 16:03:33 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1610612736 bytes

Fixed Size 2084296 bytes

Variable Size 385876536 bytes

Database Buffers 1207959552 bytes

Redo Buffers 14692352 bytes

Database mounted.

数据库此时可以正常打开：

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

OPEN

但是在alert中出现了如下大量告警，并且在正常关闭数据库时也会出现如下告警：

Completed: alter database open

Sun Jan 29 16:04:48 2012

SMON: slave died unexpectedly, downgrading to serial recovery

Sun Jan 29 16:04:51 2012

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/marven/bdump/marven_smon_27919.trc:

ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [], [], [], [], [], [], []

ORACLE Instance marven (pid = 8) - Error 600 encountered while recovering transaction (8, 44).

Sun Jan 29 16:04:51 2012

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/marven/bdump/marven_smon_27919.trc:

ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4137], [], [], [], [], [], [], []

Sun Jan 29 16:04:52 2012

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/marven/bdump/marven_smon_27919.trc:

ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [6], [17], [], [], [], [], []

Doing block recovery for file 2 block 38906

Block recovery from logseq 2, block 83 to scn 407712

Sun Jan 29 16:04:52 2012

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 2 Reading mem 0

Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/marven/redo02.log

Block recovery stopped at EOT rba 2.87.16

Block recovery completed at rba 2.87.16, scn 0.407711

Doing block recovery for file 2 block 57

Block recovery from logseq 2, block 83 to scn 407710

Sun Jan 29 16:04:52 2012

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 2 Seq 2 Reading mem 0

Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/marven/redo02.log

Block recovery completed at rba 2.87.16, scn 0.407711

Sun Jan 29 16:04:52 2012

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/marven/bdump/marven_smon_27919.trc:

ORA-01595: error freeing extent (42) of rollback segment (4))

ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block

ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [6], [17], [], [], [], [], []

Sun Jan 29 16:09:53 2012

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/marven/bdump/marven_p003_28666.trc:

ORA-07445: exception encountered: core dump [kcbipnns()+28] [SIGSEGV] [Address not mapped to object] [0x7FA3000000C8] [] []

其中trace文件中大量如下信息：

SMON: mark undo segment 8 as available

SMON: mark undo segment 8 as available

SMON: mark undo segment 8 as available

SMON: mark undo segment 8 as available

SMON: mark undo segment 8 as available

另外数据库无法正常关闭：

SQL> shutdown immediate

ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block

ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [6], [17], [], [], [], [],[]

SQL> startup

ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first

SQL> shutdown immediate

ORA-00607: Internal error occurred while making a change to a data block

ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [6], [17], [], [], [], [],[]

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

OPEN

以上是由于采用了resetlogs不一致打开数据库造成，部分回滚段事务无法使用造成，由于oracle 10g 回滚段是采用自动管理，所以调整成手工管理：

SQL> alter system set undo_management=manual scope=spfile;

System altered.

以上可见8号回滚段存在问题：

SQL> alter system set "_corrupted_rollback_segments"='_SYSSMU8$' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1610612736 bytes

Fixed Size 2084296 bytes

Variable Size 385876536 bytes

Database Buffers 1207959552 bytes

Redo Buffers 14692352 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system checkpoint;

System altered.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1610612736 bytes

Fixed Size 2084296 bytes

Variable Size 385876536 bytes

Database Buffers 1207959552 bytes

Redo Buffers 14692352 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> /

System altered.

数据库正常。