绝好的MongoDB学习资料之五. Admin

Mongod 是 MongoDB 核心程序，通常情况下我们只需折腾该程序即可。

1. dbpath & port

默认数据存储路径是 /data/db，默认端口 27017，默认 HTTP 端口 28017。用 --dbpath 和 --port 改吧。

$ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --port 1234

Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 MongoDB starting : pid=1683 port=1234 dbpath=/var/mongodb 64-bit

** NOTE: This is a development version (1.5.4) of MongoDB.
**       Not recommended for production.

Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 db version v1.5.4, pdfile version 4.5
Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 git version: 6c1361df41d9cabf9026364427a7df44b3c304fd
Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 sys info: Linux domU-12-31-39-06-79-A1 2.6.21.7-2.ec2.v1.2.fc8xen
[initandlisten] Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 waiting for connections on port 1234
[websvr] Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 web admin interface listening on port 2234

从启动信息可以看到 Web 管理端口 2234，CTRL + C 即可停止该进程。--bind_ip 用于设定监听绑定 IP。

Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 got kill or ctrl c signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends
[interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 now exiting
Sat Jul 24 22:58:53  dbexit:
[interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53    shutdown: going to close listening sockets...
[interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53    going to close listening socket: 5
[interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53    going to close listening socket: 6
[interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53    going to close listening socket: 7
[interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53    going to close listening socket: 8
[interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53    shutdown: going to flush oplog...
[interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53    shutdown: going to close sockets...
[interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53    shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator...
[interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53    shutdown: closing all files...
Sat Jul 24 22:58:53      closeAllFiles() finished
[interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53    shutdown: removing fs lock...
Sat Jul 24 22:58:53  dbexit: really exiting now

默认情况下，所有的 DB 都存储到 --dbpath 指定的目录中。

$ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --fork --logpath /dev/null
forked process: 2018
all output going to: /dev/null

$ ./mongo
MongoDB shell version: 1.5.4
connecting to: test
> db.c1.insert({a:1})
> use blog
switched to db blog
> db.c2.insert({b:1})
> exit
bye

$ ls /var/mongodb/
blog  blog.0  blog.1  blog.ns  mongod.lock  test  test.0  test.1  test.ns  _tmp

$ sudo kill -INT 2018

可以用 --directoryperdb 参数让系统为每个 DB 创建一个独立子目录。

$ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --fork --logpath /dev/null --directoryperdb
forked process: 2060
all output going to: /dev/null

$ ./mongo
MongoDB shell version: 1.5.4
connecting to: test
> db.c1.insert({a:1})
> use blog
switched to db blog
> db.c2.insert({b:1})
> exit
bye

$ ls -R /var/mongodb
/var/mongodb:
blog  mongod.lock  test  _tmp

/var/mongodb/blog:
blog.0  blog.1  blog.ns

/var/mongodb/test:
test.0  test.1  test.ns

/var/mongodb/_tmp:

2. daemon

如果想以 Daemon 方式运行，需要同时使用 --fork、--logpath 参数。

$ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --fork --logpath /dev/null

forked process: 1797
all output going to: /dev/null

想要停止服务，可以发送 INT 或 TERM 信号。

$ sudo kill -INT 1797

或者使用 mongo 连接到服务器，然后执行 shutdownServer 命令。

$ ./mongo

MongoDB shell version: 1.5.4
connecting to: test

> use admin
switched to db admin

> db.shutdownServer()
Sat Jul 24 23:11:36 query failed : admin.$cmd { shutdown: 1.0 } to: 127.0.0.1
server should be down...
Sat Jul 24 23:11:36 trying reconnect to 127.0.0.1
Sat Jul 24 23:11:36 reconnect 127.0.0.1 failed couldn't connect to server {ip: "127.0.0.1", port: 27017}
Sat Jul 24 23:11:36 MessagingPort say send() errno:9 Bad file descriptor 127.0.0.1:27017
Sat Jul 24 23:11:36 Error: error doing query: unknown (anon):1421

> exit
bye

3. logging

与 Logging 有关的参数除了 --logpath，还有 --logappend 和 --verbose。

默认情况下，Logging 是覆盖模式(overwrite)，通过 --logappend 可以添加模式记录日志。

参数 --verbose 设置记录等级，相当于 -v，更多的级别包括 -vv 直到 -vvvvv。与之相对的是 --quiet，生成最少的日志信息。

还可以用 --cpu 记录 CPU 的相关信息。

$ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb -vvvvv

Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 MongoDB starting : pid=2113 port=27017 dbpath=/var/mongodb 64-bit

** NOTE: This is a development version (1.5.4) of MongoDB.
**       Not recommended for production.

Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 db version v1.5.4, pdfile version 4.5
Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 git version: 6c1361df41d9cabf9026364427a7df44b3c304fd
Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 sys info: Linux domU-12-31-39-06-79-A1 2.6.21.7-2.ec2.v1.2.fc8xen #1 ...
[initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 query: local.system.namespaces{ name: /^local.temp./ }
[initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 Accessing: local for the first time
[initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22    used cursor: 0x1300d30
[initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 query local.system.namespaces reslen:36 nreturned:0 0ms
[initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 enter repairDatabases
[initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 done repairDatabases
[initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 waiting for connections on port 27017
[websvr] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 web admin interface listening on port 28017
[initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:30 connection accepted from 127.0.0.1:46032 #1
[conn1] Sun Jul 25 00:41:30 query: admin.$cmd{ whatsmyuri: 1 }
[conn1] Sun Jul 25 00:41:30 run command admin.$cmd { whatsmyuri: 1 }
[conn1] Sun Jul 25 00:41:30 query admin.$cmd ntoreturn:1 command: { whatsmyuri: 1 } reslen:71 0ms
[DataFileSync] Sun Jul 25 00:42:22 flushing mmap took 0ms
[DataFileSync] Sun Jul 25 00:43:22 flushing mmap took 0ms
[DataFileSync] Sun Jul 25 00:44:22 flushing mmap took 0ms

^C

Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 got kill or ctrl c signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 now exiting
Sun Jul 25 00:45:22  dbexit:
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22    shutdown: going to close listening sockets...
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22    going to close listening socket: 5
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22    going to close listening socket: 6
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22    going to close listening socket: 7
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22    going to close listening socket: 8
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22    shutdown: going to flush oplog...
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22    shutdown: going to close sockets...
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22    shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator...
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22    shutdown: closing all files...
Sun Jul 25 00:45:22      closeAllFiles() finished
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22    shutdown: removing fs lock...
Sun Jul 25 00:45:22  dbexit: really exiting now

4. configuration file

如果嫌命令行参数太长，可以考虑使用配置文件。

$ cat test.conf
dbpath = /var/mongodb
logpath = /var/test.log
logappend = true
fork = true
port = 1234

$ sudo ./mongod --config test.conf
forked process: 2262
all output going to: /var/test.log

5. db.serverStatus

在 mongo 中执行 admin.serverStatus() 命令可以获取 MongoDB 的运行统计信息。

$ ./mongo

MongoDB shell version: 1.5.4
connecting to: test

> use admin
switched to db admin

> db.serverStatus()
{
"version" : "1.5.4",
"uptime" : 23,
"uptimeEstimate" : 0,
"localTime" : "Sun Jul 25 2010 01:07:18 GMT+0800 (CST)",
"globalLock" : {
"totalTime" : 23074558,
"lockTime" : 470,
"ratio" : 0.000020368754192387997
},
"mem" : {
"bits" : 64,
"resident" : 2,
"virtual" : 75,
"supported" : true,
"mapped" : 0
},
"connections" : {
"current" : 1,
"available" : 19999
},
"extra_info" : {
"note" : "fields vary by platform",
"heap_usage_bytes" : 162672,
"page_faults" : 0
},
"indexCounters" : {
"btree" : {
"accesses" : 0,
"hits" : 0,
"misses" : 0,
"resets" : 0,
"missRatio" : 0
}
},
"backgroundFlushing" : {
"flushes" : 0,
"total_ms" : 0,
"average_ms" : 0,
"last_ms" : 0,
"last_finished" : "Thu Jan 01 1970 08:00:00 GMT+0800 (CST)"
},
"opcounters" : {
"insert" : 0,
"query" : 1,
"update" : 0,
"delete" : 0,
"getmore" : 0,
"command" : 2
},
"asserts" : {
"regular" : 0,
"warning" : 0,
"msg" : 0,
"user" : 0,
"rollovers" : 0
},
"ok" : true
}

相关字段说明：

uptime: 服务器运行时间(秒)。
localTime: 服务器本地时间。
mem: 服务器内存信息。
connections: 当前连接数。
opcounters: 操作统计。

6. db.stats

db.stats 查看数据库状态信息。

> db.stats()
{
"collections" : 5,
"objects" : 18,
"avgObjSize" : 50.888888888888886,
"dataSize" : 916,
"storageSize" : 26112,
"numExtents" : 5,
"indexes" : 5,
"indexSize" : 40960,
"fileSize" : 201326592,
"ok" : 1
}

7. http console

Mongod 默认会打开一个 HTTP 监听端口，通过浏览器我们能获取 MongoDB 服务器的相关状态信息。如果不想启动 HTTP Listening，可以使用 --nohttpinterface 参数。

$ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --nohttpinterface

Sun Jul 25 01:46:53 MongoDB starting : pid=2406 port=27017 dbpath=/var/mongodb 64-bit

** NOTE: This is a development version (1.5.4) of MongoDB.
**       Not recommended for production.

Sun Jul 25 01:46:53 db version v1.5.4, pdfile version 4.5
Sun Jul 25 01:46:53 git version: 6c1361df41d9cabf9026364427a7df44b3c304fd
Sun Jul 25 01:46:53 sys info: Linux domU-12-31-39-06-79-A1 2.6.21.7-2.ec2.v1.2.fc8xen #1 ...
[initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 01:46:53 waiting for connections on port 27017

^C

Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 got kill or ctrl c signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 now exiting
Sun Jul 25 01:47:19  dbexit:
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19    shutdown: going to close listening sockets...
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19    going to close listening socket: 5
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19    going to close listening socket: 6
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19    shutdown: going to flush oplog...
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19    shutdown: going to close sockets...
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19    shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator...
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19    shutdown: closing all files...
Sun Jul 25 01:47:19      closeAllFiles() finished
[interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19    shutdown: removing fs lock...
Sun Jul 25 01:47:19  dbexit: really exiting now

除了用浏览器查看状态信息外，还可以使用 --rest 参数打开 RESTful 操作。

$ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --rest --fork --logpath /dev/null
forked process: 2451
all output going to: /dev/null

$ curl http://localhost:28017/serverStatus?text { "version" : "1.5.4",
"uptime" : 13,
"uptimeEstimate" : 0,
"localTime" : Date( "Thu May 24 14:12:39 4253" ),
"globalLock" : { "totalTime" : 13207178,
"lockTime" : 400,
"ratio" : 3.028656083835623e-05 },
"mem" : { "bits" : 64,
"resident" : 2,
"virtual" : 67,
"supported" : true,
"mapped" : 0 },
"connections" : { "current" : 0,
"available" : 20000 },
"extra_info" : { "note" : "fields vary by platform",
"heap_usage_bytes" : 158000,
"page_faults" : 0 },
"indexCounters" : { "btree" : { "accesses" : 0,
"hits" : 0,
"misses" : 0,
"resets" : 0,
"missRatio" : 0 } },
"backgroundFlushing" : { "flushes" : 0,
"total_ms" : 0,
"average_ms" : 0,
"last_ms" : 0,
"last_finished" : Date( 0 ) },
"opcounters" : { "insert" : 0,
"query" : 1,
"update" : 0,
"delete" : 0,
"getmore" : 0,
"command" : 0 },
"asserts" : { "regular" : 0,
"warning" : 0,
"msg" : 0,
"user" : 0,
"rollovers" : 0 } }

$ curl http://localhost:28017/blog/users/ {
"offset" : 0,
"rows": [
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e53" }, "name" : "user0" } ,
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e54" }, "name" : "user1" } ,
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e55" }, "name" : "user2" } ,
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e56" }, "name" : "user3" } ,
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e57" }, "name" : "user4" } ,
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e58" }, "name" : "user5" } ,
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e59" }, "name" : "user6" } ,
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e5a" }, "name" : "user7" } ,
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e5b" }, "name" : "user8" } ,
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e5c" }, "name" : "user9" }
],

"total_rows" : 10 ,
"query" : {} ,
"millis" : 0
}